Mamuli No. 43
Title
Mamuli No. 43
extracted text
1
iqneb frinveli xar gadamfreni,
da cas anacvale mTa da miwa,
iqneb aRar gaxsovs araferi,
Cemi saxelic ki dagaviwyda.
iqneb, ver gicvnia Seni saxli,
da ca - usulgulo minis sarke, amsxvrevs Cemi gulis gadaZaxils
da gzas veRar igneb Sinisaken.
iqneb Seelie samudamod
miwas, yvavilovan-balaxovans,
rom guls tkivilebi dauamo
Sen me, saamisod ar gaxsovar.
iqneb, daiRale aRma freniT
da Sen martosuls da ase nawyens,
fexqveS miwis nacvlad qardafenils,
Cemi Tvalebis Suqs veRar gawvden.
medea kaxiZe
maradiuli
dafiqrebisken
siyvaruli
yvavili,
romelic
SemomaWkna
qarTuli
abrundi
08
#1
apnisisurwyunisi
asaval
dasavalis
gfhnybjhj,bs
2003 wlidan
giwvevT
27, 29 Tebervals,
1-2 marts
zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis
baletis saxelmwifo Teatri
ybyj fyfybfidbksfy erTad
` ananiaSvili
aris udavod yvelaze
sayuradRebo balerina mis TaobaSi!~
agreTve monawileobas miiRebs
didi Teatris wamyvani artisti
andrei uvarovi
iCqareT, bileTebi iyideba!
Millenium Theatre
Glavs Travel
Mosvideo
e Mikelle 2
www.bam.org
www.Russianny.com
warmodgenis sponsori:
BAM.org
Brooklyn
Academy of
Music
718-636-4100
BAM/ Peter Jay Sharp Building/
30 Lafayette Ave/ Brooklyn
2
sanam patara biWi iqve oTaxis
marjvena kuTxeSi patara xis magidaze koxtad morTul CiCilaks uvlida gars da yuradRebiT aTvalierebda, moxucma xis grZel yuTSi
momaragebuli nafotebiT buxarSi
cecxli gaaCaRa da jaWvis gaWvartlul sakidze momcro zomis Tujis Savi qvabi Camohkida.
- ho, ho, ho, ho, naxe ra cecxli
gavaCaRe, gaTbi, babu... nametani ki
Semouwiwina, racxa gaavdrebas apirebs... kais ar unda velodoT am
amindisgan, arada, amindi ki ara, kaci
aRaraa dRes sando, - xeli Caiqnia
moxucma da isedac aguzguzebul
cecxls kidev Seumata karga mozrdili xis kunZi. mere bavSvs miubrunda da miualersa, - rao, babu,
mogewona xom CiCilaki?!
- ki momwons, babu! – Tavi arc ki
moubrunebia, ise upasuxa biWma, erToboda lamazi saaxalwlo sanaxaobiT, da mitom.
mas Savi gorozi Tma hqonda da
didroni Savi Tvalebi, romliTac
moxucis yuradRebas i pyrobda. bavSvi drodadro CiCilakis xveulebs
TiTebis frTxili moZraobiT Slida, isini ki Tavis pirvandel mdgomareobas ubrundebodnen TavisTavad. biWunas eRimeboda CiCilakis
aseT `daumorCilebel~ bunebaze. mere
babuam kamfetebi Camohkida CiCilakis xveulebze, onavarma uceb Camoxsna da SeWama ise, rom berikacs
ar daenaxa da ar gawyromoda. babuas ki ulvaSebSi eRimeboda.
- babu, CiCilaki ratom hqvia?
- CiCilaki? – ise gaikvirva moxucma, TiTqo ar eloda aseT kiTxvas, magram pasuxi mainc hqonda da
gasaocrad momxiblavi zRapruli
pasuxi.
- ho, Ci-Ci-la-ki, - damarcvliT
gaimeora biWma, nabijebi sityvis damarcvlas Seuwyo da luka-babus
miuskupda gverdiT buxris pirdapir kedelTan midgmul rbil taxtze.
- modi, kaxaber, CemTan, - uTxra
babuam SviliSvils da bavSvi kalTaSi Caisva, - amboben, CiCilaks Soreuli warsuli aqvso, - Tqva moxucma da TuTuniT gatenil yalions buxridan gamoRebuli nakverCxliT cecxli moukida, - Turme
erT qarTul ojaxSi saxlisTavs,
romelsac basili rqmevia, axali
wlis Rames, RamiT CiCilaki Seutania, gaSlil sufraze daubrZanebia
da uTqvams: `awi naxeT rogor gamravldes ojaxi da sikeTe dagebedoTo~. marTlac, im wlis mere am
kacis ojaxi... xom gesmis?! – miubrunda luka SviliSvils, - ki, babu..
- hoda, marTlac im wlis Semdeg
ojaxi gamravlebula da bedniereba
da sixaruli dabedebiaT. mis mere
dabudebula simSvide, xvavi da dovlaTi im ojaxSi. didxans, Zalian
didxans icocxla basilim. RvTis
wyalobaa es, aba raa, da he, rodidan
gvwyalobs RmerTi qarTvelebs.
kaxabers loyebi auRaJRaJda, Tvalebi sixaruliT aukiafda, mowyenili saxe uceb gaebadra.
- gamodis, rom CiCilaki jadosnuri xea, ara babu?!..
- jadosnuriao, ver vityvi, mara
RmerTis naboZebi madli roa am
xeSi, qe vxvdebi amas. mere, babu, amiT
gouTqvia saxeli basils mTels duniaze da xalxs am ucnauri xisTvis `basilis wveri~ daurqmeviaT.
- ha, ha, ha, basilis wveri!!! –
sicils ver ikavebda biWi.
- icine, babu, aTasi weli icine!
mase gaxarebuli yofila is ojaxebi, `basilis wveri~ sadac SebrZanebula. qristeSobas yvela saxlkarSi mdgara es dalocvili.
- aba, CiCilaks ratom veZaxiT? –
isev CaekiTxa gafarToebuli TvalebiT.
- amboben am ucnaur burbuSels
SensaviT patara, an Senze ufro patara biWma Tvali mohkra da `CiCilakio~ wamoscdenia. mas merea, rom
CiCilaks veZaxiT. me Tu mkiTxav, es
saxeli ufro uxdeba, ara kaxaber?!..
- mec minda, babu, CiCilakis gakeTeba viswavlo!
- gaswavli, babu, rogor ar gaswavli.. SviliSvilma unda majobos, aba?! – me ukve davberdi, xelebi
aRar memorCileba, sadRaa uwindeli jani da Rone... – moxucma SviliSvili kidev ufro moizida Tavisken, - Cemo patara, me rom CiCilakis keTeba viswavle, TiTqmis Senxela viyavi, arc ki maxsovs rodis
iyo es ambavi.. xom ici, babu, sacaa
saukunes gadavakakuneb, ar ifiqro,
an cota iyos, an bevri... cot-cota
ki mRalatobs es oxeri mexsiereba,
mara Cemi cxonebuli maswavlebeli
ar damviwyebia. mTlad bavSvi viyavi maSin, ha-ha, Sen-xela, SeiZleba
arc kido. sofelSi, axla ro var,
amxela asakis moxuci maSinac cxovrobda. sul marto iyo sacodavi –
Svilebi ki hyolia, mara me ki arc
erTxel minaxavs is xalxi da – ra
vici, cxovrebam romel miusavleTSi gadafanta yvela. bavSvebi xSirad vikribebodiT zamTarSi aseTive buxris piras. moviyridiT Tavs
megobrebi da misgan saintereso ambebs vismendiT. dekembris TveSi moagrovebda cxonebuli Txilis totebs da mSral adgilas awyobda...
- Txilis totebi raRad undoda, babu? – gaawyvetina biWunam babuas saubari da cnobismoyvare TvalebiT Seacqerda berxucs.
- oo, babu, yvelafers codna unda,
- Txilis totisgan ufro kargad
keTdeba CiCilakis xveulebi da Tanac advili samuSaoa. amboben, dovlaTi da xvavi iciso. hoda, Tvis
bolos dajdeboda es kaci da TiToeuli totisgan ucnaur `burbuSelebs~ akeTebda, Tan Cvenc gvaswavlida. maSin cota ucnauradac
ki gveCveneboda es yvelaferi da
berxucis am saqmes abuCad vigdebdiT. eh, ramdenjer mogvi paravs misi CiCilakebi da sul gagviclia
`Tmebisgan~, - gulianad Caiqirqila
moxucma.
- Tmebisgan? – ahyva kaxaberic
sicilSi.
- sul davaclidiT xeliT im
xveulebs, rasac movereodiT, rasac
arada, cecxls vukidebdiT da misi
dawvis silamaziT vtkbebodiT. eh,
ramdenma wyalma Caiara mas mere,
mara bevri rame ise CamrCa mexsierebaSi, TiTqos guSin momxdariyos,
arafriT ar damviwyebia. ise, Senc
gaswavli, babu, aba, ras vizam... –
Tqva luka babum, taxtidan wamodga
da isev Seamata buxarSi SeSa.
mere neli nabijebiT gaiara oTaxis sivrce da meore oTaxis karidan sadRac gauCinarda. babuas gavliT isargebla SviliSvilma, uceb
moicva qurTuki, naqsovi qudi gverdulad daixura da sirbiliT ezoSi
gahkurcxla.
* * *
- kaxaber, Semodi, Semodi, xelebi sul gagToSia, miualersa garedan Semosul SviliSvils babuam.
- vifiqre erT-or Cits gavwknapav-meTqi, magram sakenkze verafriT
ver movityue, - daiCivla ymawvilma
babuasTan, gayinuli xelebi buxridan gamomaval siTbos miuSvira da
moxucs daeloda, Tu ras moimoqmedebda.
- babu genacvalos, Citebi utvino arsebebi ar gegonos, Zaan gonierebi arian, marTalia, patara Tavebi
aqvT, mara iq udevT swored Wkuis
kolofi. safrTxes Soridan grZnoben da Tavs ufrTxildebian – Tqva
babuam da SviliSvils dakoJrili
xeli mxarze SemoaWdo.
- arada, babu Zalian ki SiodaT, Seecada kaxaberi babuis TvalSi
Citebis damcirebas.
- SiodaT, mara gana SimSilis
gulisTvis Tavs gawiraven?! ise, mag
oxrebs Tovli RupavT.
- Tovli?! – gaikvirva.
- ho, Tovli, - daumowma babuam, Tu gaTovda, maSin naxe rafer deiTvli magaT Tavebs. ise ki, tyuilad wvalob, mainc araferi gamogiva, Tovli rom dadebs, piris sacmacunos veras-fers naxuloben am aremareze, mere ki moibuzebian mag cuRlutebi fanjarasTan, minebidan ga-
moCndebian da mTeli dRe akakuneben,
iqneb vinmem puris namceci gadmogvigdoso. axla isRa dagvrCenia,
Tovls davucadoT.
- mere, babu, rodis mova Tovli?
- mova, aba ra iqneba... axla xom
zamTaria, maS rodis unda mogviTovos! cac moiqufra da muxlebSic
glaxad mamtvrevs. tani migrZnobs,
Tovli unda mevides. mere xom ici
raferi Tovli icis Cvensken... ho,
ho, ho, ho, - Tqva moxucma, buxarSi
nakverCxali aqeT-iqiT gaqeqa da kideSi midebuli naxevrad gaCexili
xis kunZi Sig SuagulSi Cado. uceb
nakverCxali gaskda da buxridan
manaTobeli naperwklebi gadmocvivda,
- fui, fui, vinaa rom merCis moxucs?! – Cailaparaka da gaqeqili
nakverCxali kidev ufro gamoqeqa.
- babu, rogor gamxmara saxlis
win mdgari Cveni didi muxa...
- gaxma, daberda da mitom, Cemo
babuka. ehe, jer rodis Cemi babua
ambobda, mamaCemma dargoo es muxa.
axla vatyob am muxis gamoisobiT
ra didxans micocxlia da micxovria am qveyanaze. wleuls Zaan cxeli zafxuli iyo, ver gouZlo im
sacodavma zafxulis xvats da qe
dalia suli. ise, babu, yvelafers
Tavisi dro aqvs. mis adgilas awi
Sen unda dargo axali nergi, asi
wlis mere Seni SviliSvili dargavs, mere misi SviliSvili da ase
gagrZeldeba cxovreba, aba! bunebas
ras ubrZaneb, TviTonaa yvelas mbrZanebeli, rogorc unda ise meiqceva unda sicxisgan amogxdis suls, unda niaRvar-wvimas wamouSvebs da
fesvebianad mogglejs, Tu arada mexs
dagaxlis da erTianad dagwvavs, unda
mogaSenebs da gagamravlebs da daulevelad gacocxlebs da gayurebinebs qveynierebis mSvenierebas. adamianebic mcenareebi varT, RvTis mier darguli mcenareebi, Cveni movaleobacaa, gavaxaroT da gavalamazoT buneba. Tu vinme am movaleobis grZnobas moklebulia, TvalSi
cudi mosaxvedria da wamlavs garemos. adamianic mbrZanebelia bunebaze, eWidebian erTmaneTs, vin vis...
xan adamiani imorCilebs bunebas, xan
kidev buneba adamians, esaa, rom adamianis garda mTeli garesamyaro
emorCileba bunebasac da adamiansac. Tu unda adamians, mcenares
uwylobiT gaaxmobs, cxovelebs daxocavs, xeebs moWris da SeSad weiRebs. arc mTlad asea, babu, keTili
adamianebic arseboben, mis movlaze
rom fiqroben. ise, marTali rom
giTxra, es maSin xdeba, Tu misgan
raimes meelian. mainc gafuSta kacoba. RmerTia mxolod yvelafris momxedavi - bunebisic da adamianisic.
- babu, adamiani da buneba Tu
erTmaneTis WidilSi erTmaneTs
imorCileben, an ver imorCileben, is
RmerTi vinRaa maSin?
- RmerTi, babu, erTi da ganumeorebelia. is caSia da adamiansac
da bunebasac gankargavs da wess
udgens arsebobisas da arsobisas.
vTqvaT, midis kaci gzaze, gamouqrolebs manqana, geitans da moklavs.
amboben, RmerTma weiyvanao, Tu meindoma, babu, maRalma RmerTma, dedamiwas nakuwebad aqcevs da mere iseve
Seqmnis... iseve Seqmnis casac da miwasac, rogorc Seqmna adami da eva,
iseve aaSenebinebs adamianebs soflebs da qalaqebs, isev gavCndebiT
me da Sen da Tu RmerTma maSin ar
gamwira... me vici, rafer vicocxlo am qveynis momaval dasasrulamde.
* * *
moxucs Zlieri xma TandaTan auT-
manuCar kaWaxiZe
buxarTan
Caferflili
zRaprebi
emociuri gancdebi k/f `nergebis~ naxvis Semdeg
rTolda. mas guli moulbo SviliSvilTan saubarma da yvela is
dardi, rac adre gonebis zedapirze
amosuliyo, axla sul erTbaSad da
erTianad gamqraliyo. TeTri Tma
ondav aburZgvnoda da welSi moxrili xeljoxs dayrdnoboda. forebSi Rrmad Camjdar Tvalebs jagara, dabla daxrili warbebi gadmofareboda da naoWian saxes sali
kldeebiviT wamodgomoda. saxeldaxelod mocmuli xakisferi uyelo mosasxamidan daWmuWvnili Sexsnili perangi da TeTri gulispiri mouCanda.
- Tu RmerTi qveynierebas ganagebs da adamianebs gankargavs, ratom aris, rom qveyanaze amdeni boroteba xdeba? gana RmerTs uyvars
boroteba?
- RmerTi, babu, adamianebs gamocdis winaSe ayenebs. swored sicocxlis bolos waradgens igi samsajavros winaSe da iq gansjis keTilsa da borots. aba, kargad mismine, erTi Tqmuleba unda mogiyve:
erT gogosa da biWs erTmaneTi
yvarebiaT, mara biWis ded-mama nametani winaaRmdegi yofilan. TviTon
es biWi ki am gogos erTguli yofila. erT dRes ymawvili sacoles
SeTanxmebia, xval imden Sesamosel
naWers mogitan, ramdenis wamoRebasac SeviZleb da yvela eseni saRamomde unda Sekeroo. Sen tanis dasabani wyali gaamzade, moval, davi-
ban da wamogiyvano.
gulmodgined Sedgomia es gogo
tansacmlis kervas. mara daRamebamde erTi xeli tansacmeli darCenoda Sesakeravi. Sewuxebula gogo,
ra unda vqnao?! gamosula mindorze da RmerTisTvis SeuTxovia: `RmerTo, saxeldalocvilo, col-qmrobis gamCeno, mzisa da mTavaris Semqmnelo, amowie mze erTi Toxis taris sigrZezeo~.
- mere RmerTma marTla amowia
mze?- gaocebuli SeekiTxa kaxaberi
babuas.
- RmerTs Seusmenia gogonas naTqvami da mze amouwevia erTi Toxis
taris sigrZeze. masac piroba Seusrulebia da vaJsac wauyvania igi
colad. meore dRis SuaRamisas mosula viRaca da dauZaxnia biWisTvis, goutacnia da gamTeniisas mouyvania ukan, babu. ase grZeldeboda
ori kvira. mesame kviris pirvel
SuaRames cols ver mouTmenia, qmars
gayolia gareT da misTvis xeli
Cauvlia. isev dautacia am biWisTvis viRacas xeli da wouyvania,
Tan colic mihyolia Camokidebuli. gzaze im viRacas col-qmari
cecxlSi goutarebia, biWi gadarCenila, qals ki tansacmeli dawvia,
mere aduRebuli wyali SexvedriaT,
biWi isev gadarCenila, qali ki moxarSula.
- moxarSula?
- ho, moxarSula, mere ekal-bardebSi goutarebia orive, qals tanze xorci aRar SerCenia, marto
Zvlebi darCenila. mis Semdeg erTi
mindori gamoCenila, Zaan lamazi, mzisa da mTvaris sambrZaneblo.
- mze da mTvare iyvnen isini, vinc
biWs itacebdnen Ram-RamobiT? - isev
daekiTxa bavSvi babuas.
- swore xar, babu, Turme mzesa da
mTvares dahyavda es biWi am gogos
jibrze, radgan man Txova RmerTs
mzis amoweva da mze rom amoiwia,
igi mTvares erTi Toxis taris
sigrZeze daSorebia.
- mere ra qnes babu?
- mere am gogonas Zvlebi ganze
gadouyriaT, mara mere moxiblulebi darCnen am qalis siyvarulis
erTgulebiT qmris mimarT da qmrisic colis mimarT, sikvdilamde rom
ar miutovebia cols qmari, da qmaric ver eleoda cols. upatiebiaT qalisTvis siyvaruli da iseves
CaudgiaT suli misTvis da xorcic SeusxamT.
RmerTs axla amaTma Txoves ganexorcielebinaT qali kacisTvis,
da iyo ase. mere ki orive doulociaT da amis Semdeg didxans ucocxliaT col-qmars da bevri Svilebic hyoliaT.
didia RmerTis samarTali, babu.
keTilSobili Txovna uklebliv yvela Seasrula. swored rom RmerTis sazomiTa da samarTaliT siyvarulia keTilSobileba. qal-vaJs
erTmaneTi uyvardaT, am siyvarulisTvis RmerTma gogonas ausrula
Txovna, samagierod erTmaneTs daacila mze da mTvare. mze da mTvaresac Seusrula Txovna, radgan amaTma Sexedes da mixedes satrfoebs,
Seafases da daafases qalis Tavganwirva da kacis miziduloba, amitom ganaxorciela xorcSesxmuli
da daloca. RvTis nebaa aq sikeTis
uwyeba, kaxa-biWo. ici, ratom mogiyevi
es Tqmuleba? unda mixvde, babu, rom
Tu RmerTi mowyalea, mowyalea imitom, rom boroteba ar CavidinoT,
keTili kaci ki yovelTvis naxavs
Tavis simarTles.
- babu, is kaci, qveyanas rom icavs
mtrisgan da im mtris mokvla uwevs
TavdacvisTvis, borotia Tu keTili?
- o, sakmaod rTuli kiTxva damisvi, babu!.. albaT mainc keTilia,
radgan samSoblos, Tavis saxl-kars,
ojaxs icavs mtrisgan. ase rom ar
ise SediT qalaqSio~. mefis brZanebaze atexila erTi braga-brugi da
vai-uSvelebeli. jariskacebis WuWyisa da talaxisgan usaSvelod maRali mTa damdgara. mere im adgilas saTvalTvalo koSki aRmarTes
Tamar mefis brZanebiT. warmeidgine
axla, babu, Sen ramdeni jariskaci
unda yoloda Tamar mefes, ro amxela mTa damdgariyo, mara yvela boroti da mavne rom yofiliyo, imTavad codvilic, daiqceoda maSin eri,
da egaa... samSoblos dacva nebismieri xerxiT, mtris mokvdinebiTac
ki, Cveni movaleobaa da ver vityviT
uars. marTalia, bevrjer wagvigia
brZola, magram arasdros davmarcxebulvarT, radgan sulierad ar
davcemulvarT. mteri, kaxaber, yovelTvis kaliasaviT exvia saqarTvelos da sulis amoTqmis saSualebas ar aZlevda, mara qarTvel
xalxs ukan arasodes dauxevia. samSoblos siyvaruli xatebad da salocavad gaixades.
- axla Tu gvyavs, babu, mteri?
- mters ra gamoulevs saqarTvelos... hyavs, rava ara hyavs. mteri
marto gareT SubiTa da maxviliT,
Tu ginda tankiTa da qvemexiT rom
modis, marto is ki araa. ara, babu,
mteri Seni qveynis SigniTac bevria. mteri araa is kaci, vinc Sens
qveyanas CumaT, raRacnairi xrikebiT Zirs uTxris?!.. wyals uyenebs?!.. mere dadgeba da saqarTvelos sadRegrZelos yvelaze xmamaRla ambobs yanwiT xelSi da ra
brtyel-brtyeli sityvebiT... axla
riTia aseTi kaci gareul mterze
naklebi?
- babu, rogor ggonia, dRes rom
mteri Semogvesios, davamarcxebT?
– gamococxlda amden xans Cumad
mjdari kaxaberi.
- unda davamarcxoT, aba! – simxneve Seemata xmaSi luka odilavaZes, - valdebuli varT, babu, Tu ara
momavali Taoba ar gvapatiebs damarcxebas.
- ar ginatria, babu, odesme saqarTvelos mefe yofiliyavi?
- o, babuka, erTi glexisTvis ukiTxavT, ras izamdi, mefe rom gamxdariyavio, rom gagamefono. ras fiqrob
axla, babu, Sen... kiTxvaze rogor
upasuxa im glexma? – cota xans
gaCerda luka da isev gaagrZela, glexs uTqvia, qons qonze davadebdi
da ise vWamdi da Calaze daviZinebdio. SeiZleba, kaxabero, am glexiviT
ar giTxra mec kai saWmels vinatrebdi-Tqva, mara mainc imisTana kacs
ar unda kiTxo imisTana SekiTxva,
sulac ro ar Seefereba, Tu ara
imisTana rames getyvis, iqeT SeiZleba Segarcxvinos. im glexs ro kiTxes gagamefebT da ras izamo, miTxari, ra unda epasuxa im oxertials, saxelmwifoze vizrunebdi, jars gavaZlierebdi, ekonomikas mivxedavdi
da xalxze vizrunebdio, ver ityoda,
babu, rato, Tu ici?! Wkua ar uWrida saamisod da goneba ar emorCileboda am doneze. albaT sawyals
Sioda da Wamis survili ufro
awuxebda, eZineboda da Zilis survili ufro klavda.
* * *
am saubarSi iyvnen babua da SviliSvili, rom ezoSi ZaRlma jer
daiwkmutuna, mere daiRrina da male iqauroba gauTavebeli yefiT
iyos, amden xans ar viqnebodiT...
mefe Tamari xom ici, babu, Zlieri
mefe iyo saqarTvelosi, hoda, erTxel Turme, roca gaigo mteri
SemoWras apirebs dasavleTidano, amdgara Tavis laSqrianad da wasula mterTan Sesarkineblad, saomrad, erTis sityviT. Turme midgomia baTums. maSin es qalaqi Zalian,
Zalian sufTa yofila. dananebia
dedofals, qalaqi daisvrebao amdeni jariskacis WuWyiani nafexurebiTo da sulmnaT Tamars ubrZanebia - `fexebi aq daiwmindeTo da
gaayrua.
- geixede, babu, gareT, racxa cugam nametani Seutia, albaT vinmea
CvenTan, Tu ara, ase mwared ar gacxardeboda.
biWi mkvircxlad wamoxta, odnav
SeRebul karSi gadairbina, isedac
didroni Tvalebi kidev ufro gaufarTovda da WiSkrisken miapyro
mzera, sadac ucnobi idga. uceb
Semobrunda da babuas oTaxSi SemosZaxa:
- babu, viRac ucxoa.
- vin unda iyos netav am dabin-
3
debulSi? gza xom ar eeria mag
ojaxdalocvils?.. ucxo... ucxo...
– imeorebda moxuci da saxeldaxelod CaTelili flostebiT karisaken wavida Cqari, odnav areuli
nabijebiT.
- maspinZelo! maspinZelo! – gaiZaxoda mamaliviT yelmoRerebuli
saSualo asakis mamakaci.
- romeli xar, batono? – miaZaxa
karidanve lukam da danaoWebuli
xeli SublTan miitana, TiTqos mzes
iCrdilavso.
- biZia, Camosvlis neba momeci da
yvelafers agixsni, oRond es ZaRli momacile, SemWama kaci... – yviroda Soridan gagulisebuli ucnobi da gacxarebul ZaRls uwmawuri sityvebiT iSorebda.
- cuga, cuga! gamodi aqeT! – gauwyra moxuci ZaRls. ZaRlmac umal
Sewyvita yefa, patrons daemorCila
da kudis qiciniT iqve saxlis karTan sagangebod mowyobil SedarebiT
Tbil sagebze moikunta.
- mobrZandi, biZia, ZaRli awi arafers gizams, - uTxra bavSvma da
stumars ezoSi SemouZRva da karis
zRurblamde miiyvana, sadac babua
elodeboda.
- agaSena RmerTma, - Tqva ucnobma
da SemarTebuli nabijebiT gadmoWra ezo.
lukam isev miido Sublze xeli,
axla ufro daiwvrila Tvalebi
da axlodan daakvirda ucnobs.
- mobrZandi, batono, mara es mainc miTxari, sadaur kacs vepatiJebi Sin?
- qalaqidan var, biZia, sofelSi
aRricxvaze gamomgzavnes. saRamo
mSvidobisao, - Tqva ucnobma da xeli gauwoda misalmebis niSnad.
- mSvidoba ar mogiSalos RmerTma... ese igi aRricxvaze, ara?! hi,
hi, - CaixiTxiTa babuam, - raa aq aRsaricxi da dasaTvleli?
- xalxi unda aRvricxoT, - ise
amayad upasuxa ucnobma, TiTqos masze
iyo damokidebuli am saqmis bediRbali.
- hm, xalxi?! aris mereda es
xalxi darCenili am sofelSi?! xom
arafers gvipireben neta?.. Semodgomaze iTvlian wiwilebso, ase wavida Cveni saqme?!
- ha, ha, ha, - undoda Rimili
daefara ucnobs moxucisgan, magram
ver axerxebda.
- aba raa eg Tqveni aRricxva,
raSi gWirdebaT?
- ase gvavaleben, Cemo batono, da
ra vqnaT.
- hoda, Tu gavaleben, davaleba
pirnaTlad unda Seasrulo.
- Tqveni saxeli, biZia?
am SekiTxvaze moxucma damarcvliT warmosTqva Tavisi saxeli
da gvari, ucnobmac aseve damarcvliT gaimeora da gadaSlil rveulSi Cawera. mere ki hkiTxa isev, marto cxovrobT?
- marto var axla me?! – gaiRima
moxucma da kaxabers Tavze gadausva xeli, - ager SveliviT jeeli
vaJkaci rom midgas gverdiT, ver
uyureb?!
- Tqveni SviliSvilia xom?!
- Cemia, Cemi! Cemi gvaris gamgrZelebeli da Cemi sisxli da xorci.
magas enacvalos misi babua.
ucnobma saCvenebeli TiTiT warbi moifxana, TiTqos saTqmels ver
poulobso, isev ikiTxa:
- misi mSoblebi sad arian?
- misi mSoblebi qalaqSi cxovroben, biZiko, droebiT momiyvanes
Cemi cugrumela.
- gamodis, rom marto xarT.
- e... kido marto xaro... marto
var axla mee??? martoa ager Cemi
mezobeli valikie, Savi miwa ro
ayria gulze da dRe da Ram imas
natrulobs, vinme mainc naxavdes Cem
saflavso... ar miTxra, Svilo, meored mase...
- kargi, biZia, ar vicodi ase Tu
gewyineboda am sityvis xseneba, Tu
ara ar getyodi, - Tavi imarTla
ucnobma.
- Seni saxeli miTxari, biZiko, ar Seityo gabrazeba moxucma.
- eldari mqviao, - upasuxa ucnobma.
- eldari, biZiko, ar gvinda axla
imaze laparaki, me ra mewyina da ra
ara, mara stumars ra geexardeba, kargad vici me. dajeqi, Svilo, ager, gamouwoda buxris marjvena kuTxeSi midebuli samfexa patara skami.
- ara, meCqareba, dasajdomad ar
mcalia. – xelebi gaasavsava eldarma.
- apapapa, ar damiwyo axla meCqareba da ar mcalia, agi da igio.
qalaqidan amxela gzaze kaci Camevida CemTan saxlSi da axla imas
ise govuSveb, erTi Wiqa Rvino ar
davalevino?! SenTan ro mevide, ase
gamiSveb?.. kaxaber, patara sufra
modgi da pur-yveli moarbenine!!!
- ara, luka biZia, ver davjdebi,
damaRamdeba, - uarobda eldari.
- ata, tata, xom giTxari, Cemi
saxlidan aravin gasula, erTi Wiqa
Rvino rom ar eewia da sadRegrZelo ar eTqva da Sen ras meubnebi!..
hoda Tu dagaRamdeba, kidec gagiTendeba, Svilo, aba ra iqneba. xvalec am kvirisaa, babu, da ufro
kargad gevicnobT erTmaneTs.
kaxaberma patara sufraze Tvalis daxamxamebaSi daawyo puri da
yveli da babuas TvalebSi Seacqerda. moxucma Wiqebi RviniT Seavso
da Tqva:
- am WiqiT, eldari, biZiko, mSvidobas gaumarjos, mSvidobas barSi,
mTaSi, qalaqsa da sofelSi, darsa
da avdarSi, mSvidobian dRes da
mSvidobian Rames. mSvidobiT gevlos am cxovrebis gzaze.
- gaumarjos mSvidobas!.. mSvidoba nu mogviSalos ufalma RmerTma! – Seawia sityva eldarma, dacala Wiqa da wamodgoma daapira.
- sad midixar, Svilo? ori fexiT mosuli, erTi WiqiT midixar?
Seni winaprebis tradicias nu daarRvev! babu, Sen xom ici qarTuli
sufris tradicia... – axla SviliSvils Semoubrunda luka.
biWi morcxvad SeiSmuSna, Tvalebi ucnobs aarida da xelebis
fSvnetiT iataks daaSterda. mere
Wiqa xelSi aiRo da stumari adRegrZela, Rvino cota mowrupa da
isev babuasTan axlos, magidaze dado. sityva SviliSvils babuam CamoarTva da manac adRegrZela eldari, manac madloba gadaixada da
RimiliT Seacqerda kaxabers.
- eldari, biZiko, - Tema Secvala
moxucma, - aRricxvao, rom meubnebi,
kai, batono, aRricxe agi Cveni soflis xalxi, - sergoia, badria, amirana, mimayole mec... ra xeiria mere...
Tu marto mag furclebze Camoweraa Tqveni saqme? gava mere wlebi,
Cameivli kido albaT, an dagxvdebiT, an ara. ivliT ase usasrulobamde???
- hm, hm, hm, - TavSekavebiT iRimoda
eldari, - Cveni saqme aRricxvaa
swored, amiT vadgenT, Tu ramdeni
adamiani cxovrobs dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi.
- esaa marto? mere rao, ra geige,
ramdeni vyofilvarTo?
- jer sruli siebi ar Segvidgenia, Tumca gasuli wlebis maCveneblebs Tu moviSveliebT, xuT milionamde unda viyoT, - iseTi seriozulobiT saubrobda eldari, gegoneboda ufross dRis bolos Sesrulebuli davalebis angariSs abarebso.
- ar gamagiJo axla kaci, rac me
gavCndi am qveyanaze da rac maxsovroba maqvs, ager ukve mease weliwads gadavdgam ganze da sul cota
naxevari saukunis goniereba CamrCenia am gamofitul TavSi da sul
magas iZaxian - xuTi milioni, xuTi
milioni varTo. an ar mogvaklda
vinme, an ar mogvemata racxa, Se kai
dedmamiSvilo? jer erTia da marto milionobiT adamiani qveynidan
garbis. xalxs ver angariSoben iq,
zeiT kargad am Sens danaTvlels, an
arada Sen da Sennairebi cudad
iTvlian. Tumca SenTan ra saqme
maqvs, - erTbaSad Sewyvita azris
gagrZeleba lukam, - davaneboT cota
xniT Tavi am oxer ariTmetikas da
sufras mivxedoT, Tvara vatyob gagiSra yeli, - CaixiTxiTa berxucma.
- ara, ras brZanebT, batono luka?!
- am WiqiT, Cemo biZiko, Cvens saqarTvelos, Cvens ukvdav samSoblos
gaumarjos, mraval Wirgamovlils,
natanjsa da nawvalebs, magram mainc
SemarTuls daviT aRmaSeneblis raSiviT, Zliers da gautexels. aRwerao, rom meubnebi, Svilo, es sxva
araferia, Tu ara is, rom davadginoT qarTvelebma saqarTveloSi ramdenad sicocxlisunariani eri varT.
amitom mainteresebs gadavabijoT
am gayinul xuTians da metni da
metni viyoT. rac meti kacia qveyanaSi, araTu qveynis gareT, qveyanaSi,
imdenad meti sicocxle aqvs Cvens
samSoblos. TiToeul sicocxles
gaumarjos, romelic saqarTvelos
ZarRvebSi gadis da ikvebeba Cveni
mamuli sicocxliTa da sicocxlisunarianobiT.
- namdvilad mefuri sadRegrZelo TqviT, luka babua, - Rvinom da
sadRegrZelom erTbaSad aaRelva
eldari.
moxucma TeTri ulvaSebi Rvinis wveTebidan gadaiwminda da SviliSvils gadaxeda mravlismetyveli TvalebiT, mere daayola:
- mefuri xom... - da ulvaSebSi
Caicina.
- ki, Sen ar momikvde... - daudastura eldarma. mere manac sadRegrZelo Tqva, Rvino dascala da Wiqa magidaze dado.
- orives gasagonad vambob, babuebo, Cemo eldar da kaxaber: aravis
SeejibroT samSoblos siyvarulSi da arc SeajibrebinoT sxvasac,
ise akeTeT Tqveni saqme pirnaTlad
da patiosnad, radgan araa magi ubralo saqme. dro ityvis yvelas saTqmels.
- axla ki Cemi wasvlis droa... –
uceb SeiSmuSna eldari.
- a, axla cdebi, Cemo eldar!..
- ra iyo, luka batono? ra ar
unda meTqva?
- ra da, unda wavideo, rom Tqvi,
igi ar unda geTqva swored.
- ratom?
- wasvlas, Svilo, yovelTvis moaswreb, me kido cota ar iyos jiuti kaci var, im aRricxvasac moaswreb, arvin gageqceva arsad, Sen mSvidad iyavi, sityvas nu SemaSrobineb
pirze. Tamadoba ubralo saqme ar
gegonos. ravarc yvela ver imefebs
qveyanaSi, ise yvela ver Tamadobs
sufrasTan. biZiko, erTi sityvac
unda iTqvas aucileblad.
- vTqvaT, Seni Wirime, magaze guls
rogor dagwyvitav.
- e, mase Se kaco, ager mogasveneb
da dilaze Semoiare naTelSi e
Cveni sofeli. hoda, ra mindoda
meTqva: aRwerao, ro ambob, erTi kai
ambavi gamaxsenda. aRwera iyo maSinac, macxovari ro ibadeboda qveynierebaze. mucladRebuli deda RvTismSobeli aRsawerad beTlems ro
Cevida da iq Sva ieso, da iq sces
Tayvani mogvebma da mecxvareebma
RvTaebriv axalSobils. modi, Cemo
biZiko, visac saxareba exareba, yvela
gaaxaros RmerTma am Soba-axalweliwads. imravlos da ixaros saqristianom! - mere iyo da luka babuam SemosZaxa `alilo~, eldarmac
bani misca, kaxaberma ki wkriala
xmaze Caagaloba –
`ocdaxuTsa am Tvesao,
qriste iSva beTlemsao...
Citi Robeze Semojda,
gasZaxoda qristeSobas...
RmerTma ise agaSenoT,
rogorc Sios maranio~ da a.S.
mTeli Rame sufrasTan isxdnen
kaxaberi, eldari da luka. saubrebs
sadRegrZeloebi cvlida, sadRegrZeloebs simRerebi, ymawvils drodadro
CaeZineboda, mere babua SeaRviZebda,
mere isev Tbili buxris piras isev
saaxalwlo sizmrebs xedavda. moxuci buxarSi cecxls aRvivebda, rom
siTbo ar mokleboda keras, sadRegrZeloTi da RviniT es siTbo sulSi
Sedioda TrobiT. mere dilisaTvis
eldarma kera daloca, - gagimarjos luka biZia, Sens
kerias davlocavo, - Tqva, fexze wamodga da Rvino dascala.
- Sen geixare, babu, am qveyanaze, daloca lukam eldari, - mag Sens
aRricxvaSi Cemi Tavi ar gamogrCes,
Tu ara erTi kaci daakldeba qarTvelobas.
- magaze nu idardeb, biZia, ar
gamomrCeba.
ZaRlma ucxos danaxvaze isev
cqvita yurebi da yefa daapira, magram
berxucis danaxvaze umalve gadaifiqra da isev Tavis adgilas dabrunda. eldarma grZeli nabijebiT gaiara ezo da WiSkarTan omaxianad
dasZaxa:
- luka biZia, mxned iyavi, meored
rom Camovivli, kidev unda davlioT,
xom mpirdebi?!..
- gpirdebi, gpirdebi, aba! - gaeRima moxucs.
kaxaberi babuamisis gverdiT idga da ucxo stumars mzeras ar
acilebda, sanam Tvals ar moefara.
- wamo, babu, saxlSi SevideT, civa,
qvenamac Semoubera. Cveni cugac glaxaT wrialebs racxa, amindi Secvlas
unda apirebdes.
- babu, moTovs?
- wesiT unda moTovos, Sen ra
gixaria, Se oxero, - Tma SeuqoCra
babuam SviliSvils.
- Tovli miyvars, babu, Sen ar
giyvars?
- miyvars, miyvars babu, rava ara...
* * *
axalgaTenebulze sofeli Tovlis
TeTr samosSi gaexvia. aTovda lukas
did ezos, aTovda did xmel muxas,
romelsac gorozad gaeborja xmeli
totebi, aTovda xis odas da fanjrebis minebs efineboda cidan mowyvetili
TeTri fifqebi. kaxabers ki tkbilad
eZina babuas gverdiT da Tovlze Cayolili fiqrebi sizmrad gadaqceoda da aTovda bavSvis gonebas TeTri
sizmrebi, sabuxredan ki TeTri kvamlis
nasunTqi adioda caSi.
farTo quCis gadaRma Zveltfilisur aivnian saxlebs odnav moSorebiT, iq, sadac qalaqSi didi
kunZuli arsebobda, idga wiTeli
agurisgan nagebi orsarTuliani
Senoba. Senobis Tavze Soridanve
moCanda viwro milad amoyvanili
sabuxre. iqedan amomavali kvamli,
rogorc ki jurRmuls tovebda,
ialaRiviT gaSlil sivrceSi iSleboda da simaRleSi ikargeboda ugzo-ukvlod. sakvamurTan axlos micucquli beRurebi gviani
Semodgomis sicivesa da adriani
zamTris susxis Semoparvas grZnoben. isev Caixrigina quCaSi tramvaim, romeliRac xididan an napiridan motanili xma rom adasturebda amas, da maleve miwyda
xma. Senobis karTan sapatio yaraulebiviT aqeT-iqiT mdgar rkinis
maRal boZebze lampionebi aanTo
Ramis melampionem da kars zemoT
safuZvlianad gakeTebuli sareklamo firniSi `madaTovis restorani~ ufro mkveTrad gamoCnda.
saucxoo sanaxavi iyo Senobis
mTeli fasadi, gegoneboda restorani ki ara, viRac didebulis sasaxle Tu iyo. vitrinebidan aTasnairi mimzidveli naxati imzireboda. Senobis srulad amoCuqurTmebuli kari xelovnebis nimuSi
iyo da sacodaoba iyo, karis funqcias rom asrulebda. advilad
misaxvedria, yovelive es maRali
gemovnebis mepatronis rom iqneboda,
raxan aseTi didebuli ostatebi
daasaqma. mTavar SesasvlelTan, sadac patara sadarajo jixuri
idga, moTeTro feris balanaSlil
finias daedo bina da zezeulad
Tvlemda. drodadro movaleobis
mizniT cali Tvalis quTuTos
swevda da isev Zils miecemoda.
karis zRurbls iqiT viwro
derefanSi sagangebod gakeTebul
xis sakidebze erTmaneTis miyolebiT ekida TiTqmis erTnairi zomisa
da feris samxedro samxreebiani
mundirebi. odnav zemoT xis Taroebze qandarebze Camomjdari qaTmebiviT moCanda Camowkapuli samxedro qudebic. derefnis erT
kuTxeSi naxevrad Cabnelebul adgilze ijda sicivisagan mobuzuli daraji da Camoqufruli warbebis qvemodan aRznebulad uelavda Sors mWvreteli Tvalebi.
misi daWmuWvnili xelebi naTlad
usvamda xazs mis asaks. TiToeul
gamvlel-gamomvlels gulisyuriT
akvirdeboda, surda erTi saeWvo
niSanic daeWira stumarTa Cacmulobasa Tu gamoxedvaSi, raTa SemdegSi sagangebo signali gamxdariyo restoranis mepatronisaTvis. misi zedmetad moWerili pijaki da bolomde Sebneuli perangis Rilebi iseT STabeWdilebas
tovebda, rom gegoneboda uWers
da sacaa iyvirebso, magram is amas
SeCveuli iyo da rom ara ase, is
sxvafriv ver gaZlebda. mokrZalebis da movaleobis moxdis mizniT
igi yvela stumars Tavs erTnairad odnav uxrida da marjvena
xelis neli moZraobiT darbazisken epatiJeboda.
eWvnarevi mzera xakisfer qurTukSi gamowyobil Savgvreman
axalgazrdasac gaayola, romelmac restornis derefani Cqari
nabijebiT gaiara, papirosis bolsa da aTasgvar saWmlis surnelSi gaxveul darbazSi Sevida da
sufris wevrebs xalisianad SeuerTda. mxedruli nabijebiTa da
saxis ieriT advilad mixvdebodi,
rom igi samxedro piri iyo.
darbazi savse iyo samxedroebiT. marjvena mxares qarTuli
kerZebiT uxvad damSvenebul sufras rusi oficrebi Semosxdomodnen. erT-erTi rusi oficeri
saxeawiTlebuli zorba tanis kaci
iyo, naxevari saukunis Tu iqneboda, rusebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
garegnobiT - Ria feris TmiTa da
aprexili cxviriT. Rvinisgan gaTanguls perangis sayelo moRrecoda da araqaTgamoclili gadahyurebda gverdiT msxdom masze asakiT umcros oficers (da
albaT CiniTac), romelmac RviniT
savse Wiqa xelSi aiRo da saxealewili cdilobda sadRegrZelosaTvis Tavis mobmas, magram amaod.
bolos daiZaxa - `buZem!!!~ da
Rvino arayiviT Caicala stomaqSi.
darbazis meore mxares moqeife qarTvel oficerTa sufrasTan
ar wydeboda grZeli qarTuli
sadRegrZeloebi... sasmelma Tavisi gaitana da Seqeifebuli oficrebi xumrobis xasiaTze daayena.
Tumca rusebis damokidebuleba
qarTvelTa mimarT ar yofila keTilganwyobili. erTi qarTveli
oficeri Tavisi wodebisda Sesaferisad gamoiyureboda da dinji
Canda, Tavis ZlevamosilebaSi darwmunebuli. mali-mal mzeras darbazis meore mxares mjdom aseve
misi wodebis rus oficers esroda xolme da drogamoSvebiT didi
karis Tavze dakidebul Zvel Cu-
v[jkjl
v[jkjl
ity thsc=
qurTmebian saaTs misCereboda. saaTma sul raRac 10 wuTis win cxrajer Camoreka sidarbaisliT mJReri
zarebi. darbazis TeTrad SeRebil
kedlebze ucnobi mxatvrebis tiloebi ekida. darbazis siRrmes firosmanis freskebi amSvenebda. sxvebisgan gamorCeuli zomiT yvelaze
didi tilo, sadac saqeifo scena
iyo daxatuli, darbazis marcxena
kedlis naxevars faravda iq, sadac
scena iyo da scenis erT kuTxeSi
daqiravebuli orkestri ijda.
orkestris TiToeuli wevri frakebSi, TeTr perangebsa da bafTebSi
saTuTad gamowyobilni Tvals ar
acilebdnen diriJoris TiToeul
mkveTr moZraobas da mTeli gulisyuriT elodebodnen miniSnebas, raTa
yuradRebidan ar gamoparvodaT TiToeuli taqti, TiToeuli CarTva
da TiToeuli tembris gadasvlebi.
orkestris musikosebs Soris yvelaze
xanSi Sesuli diriJori iyo, xolo
axalgazrda - mevioline, romelsac
kargad movlil Sarvalsa da koxtad
momdgar frakze etyoboda, rom zedmetad unda yofiliyo mowesrigebuli,
an mosiyvarule coli hyoloda. pianisti Tavis katuniT jer roialis
Sav-TeTr klaviSebs metis yuradRebiT daacqerda, TiTqos raRac eucxovao, mere ki mzera darbazisaken gadaitana, sadac TavisTavad oficrobis
gamalebul Wama-smas da qeif-Rreobas waawyda. kerZebiT savse TefSebi
xelidan xelSi gadadioda.
rusma oficerma RviniT savse Wiqa xelSi aswia da rusulad ramdenime sityviT rusT xelmwifis sadidebeli Sesva. misma dostebmac mibaZes Tanameinaxes da savaldebulo
sadidebeli didi RrianceliT aitaces. Sesves Tu ara, orkestrs ruseTis imperiis himnis Sesruleba mosTxoves. diriJorma orkestrs niSani misca da darbazSi ruseTis himnic
gaisma. qarTvel oficerTa gamosajavreblad Sesrulebul himns rusi samxedroebi didi ovaciiT Sexvdnen. amiT mianiSnes laRad moqeife
qarTvel mamuliSvilebs, rom saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiaSi Semaval
gubernias warmoadgens da sul amaoa Tqveni SemarTebao.
qarTvelma oficrebma erTmaneTs
gadaxedes, TiTqos erTmaneTis TvalebSi gamosavals eZebeno, situaciidan gamosavali ki ar Canda, radgan
saqarTvelos himni ar arsebobda.
raRa darCenodaT, rusebis gamowvevaze uari unda eTqvaT da TavianTi
erovnuli siamaye daeTrgunaT. magram
uceb qarTvelebis sufridan poruCikis samxreebiani brge qarTveli axalgazrda aznauri wamodga da mTel
darbazs mWeqare xmiT saqarTvelos
sadidebeli SesTavaza. mxolod axla SeamCnies darbazSi msxdomebma,
rom igi gamorCeuli aRnagobis vaJkaci yofiliyo. saubris dros saxeze
ciuri gamoxatuleba exata. TeTri
kbilebi, didroni Savi Tvalebi, moxdenili tani, keTilSobili gamoxedva
da aristokratiuli manerebi hqonda.
misi daxvewili logika xazs usvamda mis erudicias. poruCikis samxreebianma qarTvelma sasmeli mTlianad dascala, mis ufrosTan mivida,
mxedruli salami misca da Semdeg
orkestrisaken gaswia da mas saqarTvelos himnis Sesruleba sTxova.
restoranSi samariseburma siCumem daisadgura. brge qarTvelma Tvali amayad gadaavlo darbazs. igi
Tavisi rainduli gulmowyalebiT
umzerda im adamianebs, visac aserigad usazRvrod sZulda igi.
saxe moeRrubla ymawvils. rusma
oficerma mtruli mzera esrola
qarTvels, magram mRelvareba ar SeimCnia. saxeze Tavdajerebuli da mbrZanebluri ieri aRbeWdoda amayi da
gamomwvevi gamoxedviT. misi Tavxedoba
kidev ufro gaaZliera qarTvelis
keTilSobilurma simSvidem. miuxedavad imisa, rom zomaze metad ganieri mundiri ecva, mainc cdilobda
ufro gaewia tanze. perangis Rilebi TiTebis Cqari moZraobiT Seixsna. ramdenime nabiji gadadga, TandaTan saxeze sruliad Seicvala, brazmoreulis nakvTebi daeWima da kbilebi
daaxrWiala. rusebi dabneuli uyu-
rebdnen erTi-meores da avismomaswavebel siCumeSi `brZolis~
dawyebas wuTi-wuTze elodnen.
orkestris musikosebmac cnobismoyvare Tvalebi Seaceces erTmaneTs. miuxedavad imisa, rom darbazSi sakmaod Tbiloda, meviolines
civad Seakankala da violino muxlebze Camoucocda, saqsofonistsac
mousvenroba daetyo, melot Tavze
oflma daasxa da SeSinebuli aqeTiqiT iyureboda. marTalia pensne
ekeTa da saTvalis minaze sinaTlis
sxivi irekleboda, magram es dabneuli momenti daiWira pianistmac
da isic SiSma aitana. diriJorma
is-is iyo estradidan Camosvla
daapira, Tumca maleve gadaifiqra,
iqneb rogorme situacia ganvmuxtoo. orkestris wevrebs man moulodnelad raRac gadaulaparaka,
wamiT SeCerda, yvela musikoss saTiTaod gadaxeda, darwmunda, rom yvela mzad iyo da darbazSi qarTuli melodiis hangebic gaisma:
`mxolod Sen erTs,
rac rom CemTvis
mouZRvnia maRlidan RmerTs siyvaruli, sixaruli,
mxolod Sen erTs,
mxolod Sen erTs~...
qarTveloba fexze wamoiWra.
cremlCamdgari Tvalebi Wers miapyres da orkestris melodias SeurTdnen:
`visurvebdi, vyofiliyav
siyvarulis SemaerTad,
cxovrebaSi sikvdilamde
SenTan erTad, SenTan erTad~
ise mRerodnen, rogorc himns,
himns mSobliuri qveynis sadideblad, ise mRerodnen, rogorc arasdros, rogorc orfeosi mistiur
himnebSi imRerebda. TiTqmis yvelas
Jruantelma dauara, TiTqos yvelas sisxli auduRdaT ZarRvebSi.
erTmaneTis miyolebiT fexze wamoudgnen saqarTvelos ugvirgvino himns rusebi, is rusebi ase
RvarZliT rom uyurebdnen qarTvelobas da axla am didebulma
hangebma kacuri keTilSobileba
gaaRviZa maTSi.
aRar ibRvireboda is rusic,
sasiamovno Rimili gadahkroda saxeze da TviTonac TavgamodebiT
mReroda himns. didebuli sanaxavi iyo darbazi. musikosebis damfrTxali saxeebi axla usazRvro
sixarulsa da erovnul siamayes
gaeciskrovnebina. moxuc diriJors
bevrgan udiriJorebia orkestrisaTvis, magram aseTi warmateba arsad rgunebia, aseTi siamovneba arc
erTi koncertidan ar ganucdia
da ase bednieri arc erTi nawarmoebis Sesrulebisas ar yofila,
rogorc axla.
rus oficers daeviwyebina ramdenime wuTis win momxdari uTanxmoeba da Tavi mSvidad eWira.
mopirdapire mxares mjdoms xeliT
raRac aniSna da RviniT savse Wiqas
miswvda da sulmouTqmelad gamoscala saqarTvelos sadidebeli.
samzareulodan odnav SeRebili
karidan erTmaneTis miyolebiT Tavi
gamoyves mzareulebma. karis zRurblTan gakvirvebuli saxiT restornis mepatrone gamogogmanda
sakmaod mozrdili RipiTa da gaxSirebuli sunTqviT, romelsac jerac ver gaego, ra xdeboda. etyoboda, rom iafad hqonda nayidi
`madaTovis~ restorani.
brge qarTveli oficeri sufras gamoeyo da orkestris wevrebs
SeuerTda. misma Zlierma xmam da
SesaniSnavma leqsma erTi-orad gaaZliera darbazis ganwyobileba. daZabuli mdgomareoba mxiarulma
ovaciebma Secvala. darbazi gugunebda.
tkbili melodia Cia darajis
sulSiac CaiRvara. masac naTlad
daetyo, rom sevdiani saxe Rimilnarevi gamometyvelebiT Seecvala.
moTeTro finiamac cqvita yurebi
da namZinarevi Tvalebi Senobis
kars miapyro.
tramvaim isev daarRvia Ramis
siCume xidze, an romelime napirze
CaxriginebiT.
m. beJaniSvili
4
1. saxelmwifo
simbolikebis
originaloba,
TviTmyofadobis
srulmomcveloba
da ganumeorebloba
sadReisod saxelmwifosa da samSoblos cnebebi rom erTmaneTisgan
gansxvavdeba, amas kamaTi aRar sWirdeba. maTi radikaluri gamijvna TviT
arsSi da formaSi meoce saukunem
saukeTesod daamtkica Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi. zogadi SinaarsiT, rac sanimuSoa, es sityvebi
identurni arian. odesRac isini
marTlac sinonimebi iyo da es maSin, roca samSoblos patron-myvarebeli hyavda, romelic qmnida saxelmwifos, samefos Tu imperias
samSoblos sapatronod. yvela saxelmwifoebrivi struqtura eris samsaxurSi iyo Camdgari. saxelmwifoebrioba samSoblos keTildReobisa da damoukideblobis, Tavdacvisunarianobisa da sagareo urTierTobaTa warmarTvis instituts
warmoadgenda, instituts, romelic
organulad moZravi da moqnili
Sesxeulebuli abstraqtuli realoba iyo. Seicvala era, sakacobrio civilizaciam da msoflio
axalma, ase vTqvaT, pragmatulma azrovnebam ukana planze gadaswia samSoblos cneba, samagierod saxelmwifoebriobas umTavres da SeiZleba iTqvas erTaderT Rirebulebad dausaxa demokratiuli principebi,zogadi lozungebisa da doqtrina-direqtivebis saxiT. arian aqtivistebi, romlebic yvelafers akeTeben da kadruloben demokratiis
droSiT, Tundac demokratiuli eiforiisTvis, iqamde, daukrefavSic gadadian.
am statiis mizani araa detalizeba demokratizmis demonurobisa. mTavaria, rom saxelmwifo da
samSoblo erTmaneTs gaemijna. arada, pirveli qarTuli konstituciiT saxelmwifos daniSnuleba eris
winaSe TvalnaTliv iyo gansazRvruli - `xelmwifeba ekuTvnis mTels
ers, parlamenti (anu saxelmwifos
mTavari atributi, - m.k.) am konstituciis farglebSi axorcielebs
eris xelmwifebas” (52-e muxli).
es muxlic iseve qaRaldisTvis
gankuTvnili gaxda, rogorc mTeli
konstitucia da arc parlamenti
da arc mTavroba arafers akeTebda,
raTa daecva maT mierve deklarirebuli konstituciuri wyoba. Jordanias xelisuflebam veRarc saxelmwifo gadaarCina da veRarc
samSoblo, mxolod gaqceviT uSvela sakuTar Tavs da es maSin, roca
kojorTan da tabaxmelasTan qarTulma armiam gamanadgurebeli dartyma miayena rsfsr me-11 armias. es
niSnavs imas, rom saxelmwifo moxelem miatova mis mierve Seqmnili
saxelmwifo, rac misi konstituciuri movaleoba iyo nebismieri
xerxiT daecva saxelmwifo, laparaki aRaraa samSobloze.
ususuri xar?
maSin me aseTi ususuri saxelmwifo ar minda, samSoblo ki daelodeba ukeTes momavals, raTa Seni
ususurobiT moyenebuli Wrilobebi Seixorcos, erTi sityviT samSoblo daelodeba Zlier xels, mwife xels, xelmwifeba rom ganaxorcielos samSobloze da im pirveli konstituciis 52-e muxli
cxovrebaSi gaataros erisa da samSoblos sasikeTod.
am lodinSi mTeli 69-70 weli
gavida.
dRes-dReobiT saxelmwifo aris
(araTu mxolod saqarTvelo) samSoblos tanisamosSi morTul-mokazmuli simaxinje, saqarTveloSi
ki amasTan erTad monstri da davadebaa. Tu sxvagan simaxinjis galamazeba da gaefeqtureba SesaZlebelia, CvenSi es daavadeba eris sasikvdilo sneulebad iqca.
simaxinjeo, - vambob da yuradRebis gamaxvileba msurs swored im
tanisamosze, romliTac gamowyobilia es abrundi labirinTi. nebismier saxelmwifos da maT Soris
saqarTvelosac gaaCnia Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi simbolikebi, riTac isini warsdgebian msofliosa
da erTmaneTis winaSe. bunebrivia,
maT mimarT sagangebod specifikuri moTxovnebi arsebobs da isini
unda akmayofilebdes am moTxovnebs. formiT, SinaarsiT, struqturuli wyobiT, xarisxiT, mReradobiT, xilvadobiT da sxva atributebiTa da niSnebiT isini unda iyvnen originalurni, eris TviTmyofadobis yovelmxriv gamomxatvelni, ganumeorebelni da srulmomcvelni ubraloebamde. am simbolikebs
droSa, Rerbi da himni hqvia (es
ukanaskneli TavisTavad ori komponentisgan Sedgeba- leqsisagan da
musikisagan).
principi am simbolikebis Seqmnisa aris calsaxad naTeli - igi
unda iyos advilad dasamaxsovrebeli, advilad aRqmadi da rac mTavaria igi SeTavsebadi unda iyos
samSoblos raobasTan da Seefardos samSoblos fenomens, anu mis
eTnoss, istorias, kulturas, geografiul mdebareoba-kuTvnilebas, yovel individualur Taviseburebas,
konkretulad romeliRac religiur kuTvnilebas, Tu sxvadasxva kon-
fesiaTa erTobliv saaRmsareblo
sferos. simbolika sxva ara unda
iyos ra, Tu ara samSoblos gansaxiereba. amitomac unda vcemdeT pativs maT, amitom unda vicodeT da
veTayvanebodeT maT ise, rogorc samSoblos, mogvwons igi Tu ara.
mowonebas rac Seexeba, is eris
yoveli warmomadgenlis niuansebs
unda atarebdes, radgan ki ar unda
mogvwondes isini, aramed unda miviRoT, rogorc sakuTari, vinaidan es
simbolikebi TavisTavadobaSi ar unda warmoSobdnen gaucxoebis instinqts. isini ar fasdebian im kriteriumebiT, rogorc Sefasdeba, magaliTad, romeliRac poetis leqsi,
mxatvris - naxati, Tu kompozitoris - musikaluri nawarmoebi. konkretuli nawarmoebi droSi moqmedi Semoqmedebaa, is SeiZleba miiRo,
an ar miiRo, moiwono an daiwuno,
moiwono dRes da daiwuno xval
(an piriqiT), mibaZo an ar mibaZo mas,
man SeiZleba gavlena iqonios momdevno Taobebis Semoqmedebaze, an
ar iqonios aranairi gavlena, SeiZleba icnobdes, icodes da afasebdes mas sazogadoebis raRac nawili, xolo raRac nawilma ki SeiZleba misi arseboba saerTodac ar
icodes da ase Semdeg.
xolo himni, droSa da Rerbi
mxatvruli Semoqmedeba araa savsebiT, misi bukvaluri mniSvnelobiT,
Tundac maT kulturisa da xelovnebis esa Tu is warmomadgeneli
qmnides. is droSi maradiulia. yvela
epoqaSi himni, droSa da Rerbi unda atarebdes samSoblosa da saxelmwifos sinTezs. mxolod saxelmwifoebriv mowyobas Seaqvs
cvlilebebi maTSi. arc Janrobrivi
mravalferovnebiT gamoirCevian isini.
Tu romeliRac mocemuli nawarmoebi SeiZleba iyos maJorul tonalobaSi Sesrulebuli, aseve minoruli ganwyobac JRerdes, iumorSi,
dramaSi Tu tragediaSi; romaniT,
moTxrobiT Tu noveliT; eposiT,
poemiT Tu leqsiT iyos gawyobili,
Tu gadawyvetili igi, saxelmwifo
simbolikebi Tavis TavSi unda atarebdes saodo-saxotbo ganwyobilebas,
isini unda iqnen gadawyvetilni zebrwyinvalebis rangSi da maTSi unda ikiTxebodes araTu siuJeti, aramed mdgradi maradiuloba. TavisTavad dasaSvebia saxelmwifoebrivi ideologiis gamJRavneba simbolikebis meSveobiT, radgan TviT simbolikebs TavianTi alegoriuli ena
gaaCniaT, rac yvelgan konkretuli
sagnis, Tu movlenis aRmniSvnelia.
TiToeuli niuansuri niSani raRacaze metyvelebs da igi SemTxeviT
ar daitaneba simbolikaze, asea lamazi
da mitomo, an carieli adgilis
Sesavsebad mivaxate da igi mas uxdebao, an proporciebis dasacavad erT
mxareze rom isea, meorezec iseve
unda iyoso, an ferTa Sexameba ase
ukeTesia da ara iseo. TviT fersac
ki Taviseburi daniSnuleba gaaCnia
yvela erSi, radgan esa Tu is feri
Tu ferebi, adamianTa garkveuli jgufisaTvis gacilebiT xSiradaa TvalsawierSi moxvedrili, vidre romeliRac sxva feri, Tu ferebi. am
formulirebiT simbolizebulia
ferTa palitris Sexameba da mocemulia eris alegoriuli saxe ferebSi gadawyvetili, radgan erebis kuTvnilebad dgindeba maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli ferebi da yvelaferi es
gamoisaxeba saxelmwifoebriv simbolikebze. yvela feri, yvela detali maTi ganlagebisdamixedviT aucileblad samSoblosa da saxelmwifos yvela moTxovnas unda pasuxobdes, xolo ra moTxovna aqvs
samSoblosa da saxelmwifos, erTis
mxriv istoriiT, kulturiT, eTnosiT, religiiT, geografiiT da sxv.
RirebulebebiT ganisazRvreba, meores
mxriv ki konstituciiTa da sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT.
saqarTvelosac hqonda da gaaCnia
analogiuri simboloebi, oRond sxvadasxva droSi da epoqebSi isini
TavisTavad icvlebodnen rogorc
Sinaarsobrivad, aseve gamosaxulebiTi formebiTac. erTi dauwereli
kanoni moqmedebs maT mimarT. esa
Tu is, ama Tu im droisa da epoqis
simbolikebi met-naklebad an ar pasuxobdnen samSoblosa Tu saxelmwifos moTxovnebs, da mosaxleobaSi isini myarad iyvnen damkvidrebulni, an kidev absoluturad gaucxoebulni simbolikad rCebodnen kanonisdamixedviT, magram eri
maT mimarT indiferenturad iyo
ganwyobili. aseTTa ricxvSi Sedioda upirvelesad 1918-21 wlebis
pirveli qarTuli respublikis himni da droSa, mogvianebiT (es ukve
XX saukunis miwuruls – erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis
aRmavlobis Jams) saqarTvelos ssr
simbolikebic. droTa msvlelobaSi bagratovanTa simbolikebic.
2. qarTuli droSa
qarTuli simbolikebidan yvelaze uxvad warmodgenilia qarTuli
droSebi - samefo droSa iqneboda
es Tu samTavroebis. agreTve saqarTvelos samive respublikas TavianTi droSebi gaaCnda. dRes-dReobiT
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo droSad
miCneulia xuTjvriani droSa TeTr alamze gamosaxulia erTi
didi jvari, romelic alams oTx
tol nawilad yofs, xolo TiToe-
qarTuli abrundi
anu oriod sityva Cveni simbolikebis Sesaxeb
ul meoTxedSi proporciulad gadanawilebulia oTxi patara jvari. maT aqvs bolnisis jvris forma (igive wminda giorgis jvris
forma wreSi Casmis gareSe). jvrebi wiTeli ferisaa. ai, aRweriloba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo droSisa
proporciebis (santimetrebis) warmoudgenlad, rasac meorexarisxovani mniSvneloba gaaCnia.
TiTqosda miuRebeli amaSi araferia - miTumetes maSin, roca igi
gorgaslian-daviTian droSad aris
miCneuli da erTiani saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo droSad iTvleboda da
misgan iyo nawarmoebi qarTul samTavro-samefoebis droSebi (ferTa
sxvadasxvaobis gaTvaliswinebiT).
1801 wlis Semdeg oficialurad
Ees droSa saxelmwifosTan erTad
istoriis kuTvnileba gaxda, vidre
2004 wlamde. saqarTvelos pirvelma respublikam ugulebelhyo
ra bagratovanTa droSa (da Rerbic), Seqmna respublikuri SinaarsisTvis damaxasiaTebeli droSa.
qveynis pirveli konstituciis meoTxe muxlSi mokled aRwerili
iyo saxelmwifo heraldika: `saqarTvelos respublikis droSa
aris - Svindis feri alami Savi da
TeTri zoliTa. saqarTvelos respublikis Rerbi aris TeTri giorgi Svidi mnaTobiT”.
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobisTanave mitingebsa da demonstraciebze e.w. Jordaniaseuli droSebis gverdiT aqa-iq
gamoCnda gorgaslian-daviTiani droSac. igi imTaviTve iqca imxanad
axladCamoyalibebuli konservatiul-monarqistuli partiis droSad. gamodioda bukletebi da broSurebi bagratovanTa simbolikebze. saqarTvelos mesame respublikam ki Tavis simbolikebad airCia
pirveli respublikis saxelmwifo
droSa (ukritikod), himni (esec ukritikod, mcireodeni gaorkestrebuli saxesxvaobiT) da Rerbic
(esec ukritikod, oRond igi Casmuli iqna jvrebiTa da ornamentebiT
mooWvil Svidqimian varskvlavSi).
ase Tu ise, erTis SexedviT axali
respublika Tavisi Soreuli winamorbedis memkvidre gaxda.
imxanad sakmaod xmamaRla saubrobdnen monarqiis aRdgenaze erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis
liderebs Soris da sanam `mrgvali magida” arCevnebSi gaimarjvebda,
bevrs egona, rom qveyanaSi momwifebulia idea monarqiisaa. periodul
gamocemebSi ibeWdeboda italiel
da espanel bagrationTa biografiuli cnobebi. amdenad samefo droSebi sul ufro xSirad Cndeboda
mitingebsa da manifestaciebze. erovnuli moZraobis zviadis frTa mtkiced da myari nabijebiT midioda
xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosasvlelad. vinaidan monarqistuli partia
aRmoCnda zviadis banakSi erovnuli forumis datovebis Semdeg, bevrs
eWvi aRar epareboda monarqiis aRdgenaSi. am mosazrebas amyarebda konstantine gamsaxurdias konservatiuli mrwamsi, rasac, varaudiT, misi
Svili yvelafers aRasrulebda. magram zviadi da saqarTvelo sxva
gziT wavidnen. kuluarebSi zviadis miznebis realuri monaxazis
Setyobam gaanawyena monarqistuli
partia da isini arCevnebamde ramdenime TviT adre gamoeyven `mrgvali magidis” politikur bloks.
erTi xani mosaxleobis romantiuli aRtkineba, vidre uzenaesi sabWos pirveli mowvevis pirveli sesia Catardeboda, mainc grZeldeboda. swored im pirvel sesiaze miRebulma gadawyvetilebebma saxelmwifo simbolikebis Sesaxeb, gafanta (yovel SemTxvevaSi karga xniT)
eWvebi - sxdomaTa darbazSi pompezurobiT Semoitanes e.w. Jordaniaseuli droSa himnis TanxlebiT.
droSa, iseve rogorc himni, ar
akmayofilebda srulmomcvelobiT
samSoblos aRqmis grZnobas, magram
vinaidan igi warmoadgenda istoriul Rirebulebas, amisaTvis maT
mieniWa upiratesoba sxva simbolikebTan SedarebiT. samagierod es simbolikebi savsebiT esadageboda respublikis farglebSi moqceuli saqarTvelos warmosaxviT gaazrebas
mistiur rangSi.
es iyo da es.
droSaSi ar ikiTxeboda saqarTvelo mTeli Tavisi sulieri sawyisiTa da potenciuri siZlieriT.
ferebic ki qarTuli bunebisTvis
ucxo iyo - srulad Svindisferi
Savi da TeTri zolebiT. kompoziciurad Savi da TeTri ar unda
yofiliyo zolebi, isini dominirebuli ferebi unda yofiliyo droSaze. gamoricxuli iyo lazares
feri, igive graalis feri, igive andria pirvelwodebulis feri e.i.
zeciuri naTlis feri - cis-feri.
amadac SecdomiT ewodeba Jordaniaseul droSas samferovani, radgan
Tavisi SinaarsiT sityva `samferovani” - niSnavs erTi sibrtyis did
farTobze ganawilebul sam sxvadasxva fers. am SemTxvevaSi ki dominanti feri iyo Svindisferi (anu
revoluciis) feri, sisxlis feri,
romelsac marcxena kuTxeSi datanebuli hqonda zemodan Savi da
SuaSi moqceuli TeTri zolebi.
es istoriulad qceuli qarTuli
droSa ver iqneboda, verc aRqmiT
aRiqvamda qarTveli kaci samSoblos am droSis meSveobiT. da mainc saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis droSa iyo igi da imiT iyo
es umjobesi bolSevikebis droSaze,
rom am droSis qveS naklebad aRiqva qarTvelma erma gadagvarebisa da
gadaSenebis vaeba. am droSam asociaciiT warmoSva damoukideblobis
aRdgenis keTilSobili idea, nostalgia gardasul Tavisuflebaze,
am ideisaTvis da am tkbil-mware
grZnobebisaTvis Tavganwirul gmirTa da zvarakad SewirulTa sulTa
sadidebeliT dagvirgvinebuli. amas
moaswavebda zviadis mier srulad
aRdgenili Jordaniaseuli respublikis simbolikebi.
raRac winaTgrZnobiT imave dRes,
ra dResac uzenaesma sabWom aRadgina pirveli respublikis simbolikebi saxelmwifo simboloebad,
gulSi daibada azri imisa, rom zviadsac iseve xom ar elis mcire
xanSi samSoblodan gadageba, rogorc Jordanias?! es fiqri rom
ibadeboda 1990 wlis 28 noembers,
marTalia, aravin icoda, ra moxdeboda momdevno wlis bolos, magram
gumani albaTobiT uSvebda istoriis am SesaZlo ganmeorebasac.
sworedac ganmeorda da ufro
mZafr da tragikul formebSi da
elvis uswrafesad. SevardnaZem Caibara orgzis damarcxebuli respublikis droSa, TumcaRa arc SevardnaZes daayara ukeTesi dRe am
magiurad dawyevlilma simbolikebma.
me mxedvelobaSi ara maqvs mogeba
Tu wageba, me vgulisxmob gamarjveba-damarcxebas. gamarjvebiTYqarTvel
ers aRar gaumarjvnia, damarcxebiT
ki ramdenic gnebavs - samaCablo,
afxazeTi, TviT qarTveli kaci, qarTuli ojaxi, axalgazrdoba... da
jeri SevardnaZezec midga. iyo Tu
ar iyo revolucia, gaTamaSebuli
iyo Tu ara roqi mefesa da etls
Soris, sxva sakiTxia, magram am droSis qveS damdgari SevardnaZe eris
siZulviliT wavida politikuri
scenidan. manamde ki man moaswro
axali saxelmwifoebrivi simbolikebis Semqmneli komisiis Camoyalibeba, romelmac rekomendacia gauwia
saqarTvelos parlaments saqarTvelos himnad daemtkicebinaT melodia
zaqaria faliaSvilis operidan `daisi” (aria gundisa da solistebis
TanxlebiT `kiazos mimarTva xalxisadmi”) gadamuSavebuli kompozitor
ioseb keWeymaZis mier.
etyoboda, SevardnaZe grZnobda
Jordaniseuli simbolikebis damTrgunvel Zalas, amdenad mas surda
politikuri TamaSebidan wasuliyo
axali simbolikebiT, magram ver moaswro. misi meored mosvlis Tormetwliani epoqa dasrulda mainc ZaladobiT da mainc im damRupveli
simbolikebis qveS, romlis mistiurma Zalmomreobamac daRupa misi
winamorbedebi. Svindisferis dominantma da `inisa da ianis” Cinuri
filosofiur-miTologiuri modelis Tavdayira dayenebulma asociaciam (e.i. Savi feri zemoT, TeTri
- qvemoT), bunebrivia negatiuri Sedegebi gamoiRo rogorc qveynisaTvis, aseve qveynis mmarTvelTaTvis.
marTalia Jordanias siRrmiseul
ganswavlulobas erovnul sakiTxebSi
ver moTxovdi, magram zviadi?..
3. qarTuli Rerbi
rogorc gorgaslian-daviTiani
droSa, aseve bagratovanTa samefo
Rerbic gauqmda saqarTvelos samefos gauqmebasTan erTad da mas Semdeg sul raRac orwelnaxevriani
pauzis gamoklebiT vimyofebodiT
jer orTaviani arwivis, Semdeg ki
puris TavTavebian rkalSemovlebulwarweriani (15 `moZme” enaze
`proletarebo yvela qveynisa SeerTdiT!”) Rerbebis qveS.
TavisTavad, Jordaniaseul respublikas gaaCnda Rerbic, droSasTan
da himnTan erTad - es iyo TeTri
giorgi Svidi mnaTobiT, rogorc
amas iuwyeboda pirveli konstituciis meoTxe muxli. iseve rogorc
droSas, Rerbsac aklda qarTuli
zne-Cveulebebisa da bunebis zogierTi atributi. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom igi iyo arasrulyofili, miuxedavad imisa, rom mxatvar ioseb
SarlemanTan erTad Rerbis SemuSavebaSi muSaobdnen iseTi didi istoriuli figurebi, rogoric iyvnen ivane javaxiSvili, eqvTime TayaiSvili, pavle ingoroyva da sxv.
respublikis saxelmwifoebrivma
wyobam da miTumetes marqsistulma
ideologiam ar misca gasaqani ioseb Sarlemans srulyofili qarTuli heraldika Seeqmna da albaT
mainc qarTuli simbolika qarTvelsave unda Seeqmna. gamocxadebul
konkursSi ki Sarlemanma gaimarjva
da arc Tu usafuZvlod. TeTri
giorgi warmoCenilia, rogorc gamarjvebuli, miqael mTavarangelo-
zis ipostasi. aq miTiuri haerovneba
sufevs da ikiTxeba misi yoveli
komponenti, rogorc misteriaTa
ilustracia, rameTu SarlemanisTvis saqarTvelo qristeSobamdeli,
SeiZleba iTqvas - warmarTuli qristianobis mistiuri savanea. amisi
realuri gansaxierebaa Svid mnaTobSi gamoyofili mzisa da mTvaris gazRaprebuli warmoCineba. TeTri giorgis ferxTiT damZimebuli
Savi mTa haerovnebisa da erTianobis kontrasts warmoSobs. erTi
sityviT, rac aris gakeTebuli, kargadaa gakeTebuli, magram arasakmarisad. samagierod, rac aklda Sarlemaniseul Rerbs, srulad Seavso sabWoTa saqarTvelos Rerbma - qarTuli ornamenti, vazi da yurZnis mtevani, Svidqimiani varskvlavi.
unda iTqvas, rom sabWoTa imperiaSi Semaval respublikaTa simbolikebisagan absoluturad yvelasagan gamoirCeoda qarTuli Rerbica
da droSac, miuxedavad sabWouri
savaldebulo simbolikebisa - varskvlavi, namgali da uro, puris TavTavebi, amomavali (Tund amosuli,
da isic CrdiloeTidan) mze, warwera (`proletarebo yvela qveynisa,
SeerTdiT!”), qarTul RerbSi sagangebod iyo gaparuli Svidqimiani
varskvlavi, romelic wriulad Semortymul ornamentebSi iyo Camaluli. es maSin, roca Svidqimiani varskvlavi gamoxatulebaa qarTuli
misteriebisa, xolo am gamoxatulebis miwis pirisgan aRsagvelad Seqmnili iyo sabWoeTis imperia.
zviadis respublikam Sarlemaniseuli Rerbi, romelic Tavdapirvel variantSi wriuli xaziT mTavrdeboda, Casva Svidqimian varskvlavSi,
romelsac qimebis wamozrdamde wreSi
moqceuli wminda giorgiseuli jvrebi amSvenebda. es iyo da es. sxva
koreqtura Rerbs ar ganucdia.
Svidqimianma garSemowerilobam metad metyveli gaxada Rerbi, TumcaRa esec ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos
srulyofilebis nimuSad, radgan Tu
ar ganicdida koreqturas Sarlemaniseuli kompozicia da mas ar daemateboda aucilebeli atributika,
rac qarTul individualur bunebaze imetyvelebda, ris Sesaxebac
saubrobdnen merab kostava da zviad
gamsaxurdia (mxedvelobaSi maqvs saqarTvelos sulieri misiis Sesaxeb),
Rerbi ver gaxdeboda sruliad saqarTvelos sulieri sakuTreba.
miuxedavad Rerbis gareformis
gamdidrebisa, masac gaaCnda damTrgunvelad damRupveli Zala, rogorc
es droSasTan mimarTebaSi zemoT
ukve iTqva, radgan Rerbis principi
Tavidan bolomde ucvleli darCa.
albaT qarTulma simbolikebma aseTi uaryofiTi energia aiRes swored Jordanias menSevikuri mTavrobis ugulobisagan, - da albaT
raRac satanuri elementebi, datanebuli eqneboda maT.
5
am mxriv es simbolikebi safuZvlianad arian Sesaswavlni.
4. qarTuli himni
bevrs arafers vityvi pirvel qarTul himnze, radgan umTavresad isic
Jordaniaseulia, isic RerbiviT da
droSasaviT ukritikod gadmotanil
iqna gamsaxurdiaseuli uzenaesi sabWos mier saqarTvelos mesame respublikis himnad, oRond kapelasaTvis Sesasruleblad dawerili musika damoukideblobis gzaze damdgarma saqarTvelos mesame respublikam gaaorkestra, rac msoflio
moTxovnebs Seusabama. erTi ki unda
iTqvas, kote focxveraSvilis teqsti da simRera, romelsac saqarTvelos himni ewoda, ar iyo ualternativo. rodesac saubaria saqarTvelos himnis realur konkurentebze, aq arCevani uamravia. aseTi melodiebi Jordanias drosac iyo da
gamsaxurdias drosac. upirvelesi
konkurenti am himnisa, romelic marTlac SeiZleboda CaTvliliyo
ualternativod rogorc pirveli,
aseve danarCeni respublikebis drosac, esaa simRera - `samSoblo, samSoblo, Cemo lamazo!”.
vinc kote focxveraSvilis himnis Sesaxeb araferi icoda, mas, bunebrivia, es melodia egona saqarTvelos himnad da arc Tu usafuZvlod. es musika pirwmindad qarTuli suliskveTebiTaa Seqmnili,
qarTuli musikaluri tradiciebis sruli dacviT, - da igi saqarTvelos himnad ar miiRes im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom melodiis
meore nawili, anu nawarmoebis mTavari Tema ar jdeboda sahimno parametrebSi. igi rTuli Sesasrulebeli nawilia da melodikiTac
instrumentaluri SesrulebisTvis
SeuTavsebeli masalaa da mxolod
sagundo Sesrulebas moiTxovs. rac
Seexeba uvertiuras, igi imdenad moklea, rom mas veranairi simfoniuri
damuSaveba ver gazrdis ise, rom
sul mcire ori kupleti da erTi
misamReri Caitios Tavis TavSi.
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobisas yovel Sekrebaze himnis nacvlad, anu araoficialur himnad asrulebdnen revaz
laRiZis simReras ilia WavWavaZis
teqstze - `Cemo kargo qveyanav”.
yvelas egona, rom es iqneboda saqarTvelos momavali himni, magram am
SemTxvevaSic Jordaniaseulma himnma
miiRo aSkara da uprecedento upiratesoba. bevrma es teqsti da simRera pirvelad mxolod misi saxelmwifo himnad gamocxadebis dRes moismina. iqamde teqstic, simRerisa
ar iyos, uRimRamo da saqarTvelosTvis Seuferebeli iyo. (Nota bene:
amas winaT, es maSin, roca jer kidev
kote focxveraSvilis teqsti da
musika saqarTvelos himnad iTvleboda, movismine germaniis himni. igi,
bunebrivia, `horst vesseli~ an kaizeruli germaniis himni ar iqneboda, arc germaniis demokratiuli
respublikisa. uTuod federaciuli
germaniis himni iqneboda. es ki ar
vici, es himni berlinis kedelis
dangrevamdec iyo germaniis federaciuli respublikis himni, Tu
germaniebis gaerTianebis Semdeg Seiqmna?! amas ara aqvs mniSvneloba, -
aq erTi TvalSi sacemi msgavseba
davinaxe am himnsa da saqarTvelos
pirvel himns Soris. drois faqtori
rom ara, vifiqrebdi romeliRac qveynis plagiatorobaze, es maSin, roca
arc germanias sWirs raime saplagiatoro da arc saqarTvelos TavianTi potencialisa da monacemebis
mixedviT. uxeiro Tua erTisTvis,
meoresaTvis analogiuri melodia
ver iqneboda xeiriani). amis Semdegac ar wydeboda sinanuli imisa,
rom saqarTvelo ukeTesi himnis Rirsia, - da SevardnaZis meored mosvlis miwuruls gaimarTa konkursi
da amadac ucnauri - Catarda konkursi musikaluri nawarmoebis SesarCevad, yovelgvari teqstis darTvis gareSe, mSralad mxolod melodia.
vidre konkursis Sesaxeb vityode,
msurs erTi aucilebeli miniSneba
gavakeTo: mTelma saqarTvelom, yovel
SemTxvevaSi saSvidnoembro da sapirvelmaiso demonstraciebze gamosulebma da am paradebis tele, Tu, ase
vTqvaT, cocxlad mayureblebma saukeTesod ician revaz laRiZisa da
petre bagration-gruzinskis `himni
partias”. Turme, Tavdapirveli variantiT es leqsi yofila araTu dideba partiisadmi da leninisadmi, aramed
udavod maRal-patriotuli grZnobis nawarmoebi.
ai isic:
`roca mogvixmobs samSoblo,
agugundeba mTa-bari,
mamuls Seswiros sicocxle,
yvela Cvengani mzad aris.
Tamaris naTeliT qarTveli
eri suliT brwyindeba,
marad win viaroT,
mermisi ukeTes dRes gvpirdeba,
samSoblos momavals
vumReroT dideba,
dideba samSoblos,
samSoblos dideba!
farad davdgebiT, samSoblov,
Sens cas da miwas davicavT,
Tavisufleba mamulis,
gulze gveweros saficrad.
uSreti mxneobiT qarTveli
eri suliT brwyindeba,
marad win viaroT,
mermisi ukeTes dRes gvpirdeba,
samSoblos momavals
vumReroT dideba,
dideba samSoblos,
samSoblos dideba!”
Tu ilias leqsi sahimnod imisTvis iqna dawunebuli, rom iq saubari iyo `awmyo Tu ara gwyalobso”,
aq paTosi Zalzed maRalia. Tu iliaseuli leqsis laRiZis simRera
swored rom araoficialuri himnia
saqarTvelosi, Tavisi siRrme-siZlieriT petre gruzinskiseuli laRiZisave simRera msoflios nebismier
saxelmwifos daamSvenebda.
amdenad, konkursamde ar unda misuliyo saqme da iseT konkursamde, sadac saxelmwifoebrivi simbolikis
sahimno komponents erTmaneTisagan gancalkevebulad arCeven: jer musikas
da Semdeg musikaze dasadeb teqsts.
swored aseTi ukuRmarTi himni
aqvs dRes saqarTvelos, miuxedavad
zaqaria faliaSvilis SesaniSnavi
musikisa, sadac faliaSviliseuli
mxolod Temaa darCenili kiazosi,
ase vTqvaT, oratoriidan –
`mtersa urjulos, Tavxedsa,
gadmoulaxavs baria,
gauTelia jejili,
dauwvavs ezo-karia”
Semdeg Secvlili tonaloba igive Temisa amaRlebulia –
`nu davTmobT Tavisuflebas
Cveni cocxali TaviTa,
adgeba xalxi guladi,
Tavis Zlieri mklaviTa~
da mTeli sahimno leitmotivi
gadmotanilia swored am Temis misamRerze:
`Tavisufleba dRes Cvengan
moiTxovs msxverplsa diadsa,
Cven Cvenis mklaviT SevmusravT,
karze momdgarsa wyvdiadsa.”
unda iTqvas, rom es musikaluri
Sis qveS saqarTvelom bevri gamarjveba izeima, jvriT daculia Cveni
eri magiuri zemoqmedebisgan, igi istoriuli bairaRia qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis. magram aq mainc
Cndeba erTi friad sayuradRebo
kiTxva:
aris ki is gorgaslian-daviTiani
droSa?
aRdgenilia igi ise, rogorc Tavdapirveli saxiT arsebobda?
rodesac es droSa pirvelad gamoCnda erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis wamyvan bairaRebs Soris, maSinve gamoiTqva mosazreba imis
Taobaze, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi droSa ar iqneboda mar-
Tema mTels operaSi bevrgan meordeba sxvadasxva konteqstiT, sxvadasxva tonalobaSi gadawyvetiT da
igi veramc da veramc ver iqneboda
mxolod sasimRero Tema, romansis
donezec ki, radgan masSi bevri sxva
CarTuli Temebia da rTuli ganStoebebia, raSic savsebiT dameTanxmebian araTu mxolod musikis specialistebi, aramed isinic, vinc erTxel mainc moismenen zaqaria faliSvilis `daiss”.
Cemis azriT uadgilobaa am oratoriis gamoyeneba saqarTvelos himnad, radgan TviTon es operaa saqarTvelos sulieri himni da mas saxelmwifoebrivi datvirTva mxolod
da mxolod daakninebda. daakninebda
swored is pirveli akordebi, romlebiTac iwyeba es e.w. himni. es akordebi sxva tonalobaSia gadawyvetili,
ZiriTadi musika ki sxvaSi. es igivea,
an ufro uaresi, vidre Sarlemaniseul Rerbs Svidqimiani varskvlavis CarCo. Svidqimianma varskvlavma
gaakeTilSobila raRaciT mainc is
Rerbi, am akordma ki sasacilo mdgomareobaSi Caayena faliaSvilis SesaniSnavi melodia. gegoneba himns
ki ar usmen, aramed zixar cirkis
arenaze da Jongliorebis, an akrobatebis nomrebis winaswarmauwyebel
samzadis hangebs ismen. amave dros
arafris momcemia es akordebi Semdeg ganviTarebuli melodiisaTvis.
bevrs emaxsovreba daviT gamrekelis mier simfoniuri orkestrisa
da saxelmwifo kapelis mier Sesrulebuli es simRera:
`sad ginaxavT aseTi
turfa mTa-bari,
an es zeca-firuzi
sxvagan sad ari,
an Tu sadme ginaxavT
TebervalSi vardebi,
Tovlis nacvlad
zambaxebiT daibardnebi.
zRapariviT tkbilia
mSobliuri mTa-bari
zeca ase firuzi,
arsad ar aris.
xarobs yvela yvavili,
mReris niavi,
aq xom yvela beRura
bulbuli aris,
mReris axal simReras,
SromaSia garTuli,
naomari da WaRara
miwa qarTuli”
Tu gadasakeTebeli iyo, gadaekeTebinaT teqsti an am simRerisTvis,
an rezo laRiZis `Cemo kargo qveynisaTvis”, an romelime patriotuli musikisaTvis.
erTi patara variaciac saqarTvelos dRevandeli himnis garSemo, rodesac Semsruleblebi finalze
gadadian, Zalauneburad maxsendeba faliaSviliseuli operis am oratoriis finali, sadac kiazo Tavis mimarTvas amTavrebs SoTa rusTavelis
ukvdavi sityvebiT -`sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa sikvdili saxelovani...” da mgonia, rom gundi, da mainc
operebSi gamowvrTnili gundi, romelsac xSirad uwevs am teqstisa da
musikis Sesruleba, SeeSlebaT da
daamRereben `dideba Tavisuflebas”
nacvlad swored - `sjooobs sico-cxle-sa naz-rax-saaa sikv-di-li
sa-a-xe-looo-va-a-niiii~-o.
ai, rac Seexeba teqsts am axladgamomcxvari himnisa, me masze sagangebod arafers vityvi, radgan amis
Sesaxeb bevri iTqva, bevrsac ityvian
da bevrsac axlac amboben. marto is
rad Rirs Sesafaseblad, rom visac
ar ezareba, yvela asworebs mas da es
gasworebuli teqsti gacilebiT ufro misaRebia, vidre arsebuli teqsti Tavisi uzustobebiT.
toden xuTjvriani. simbolurad igi
aucileblad cxrajvriani iqneboda da, ra Tqma unda, samferovani.
dRevandeli, ase vTqvaT, qarTuli
monarqiis da Semdeg saxelmwifos
droSa Tavisi principiTa da struqturiT oTxi patara jvris danarTis gamoklebiT (jvrebisa, romlebic
aseve Tavisi formiT axlos dgas
maltis jvarTan, vidre wminda giorgis bolnisiseul jvarTan, radgan es ukanaskneli wreSia Casmuli
da ise gamosaxeba) sruli analogiaa
1606 wels iakob I-is mier Seqmnili uniis pirveli droSisa, romelic inglisis mfarvel wminda giorgis jvars warmoadgenda. uniis es
droSa axlac gamoiyeneba inglisis
oficialur droSad. ismis bunebrivi kiTxva –
romeli qveyanaa am droSis patroni?
rodesac saubaria xuTjvrian
droSaze, zogierTi ambobs, rom es
5. pretenziebi
saxelmwifoebriv
danarCen
simbolikebis
mimarTac
ai, magaliTisaTvis, saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo droSa...
viTom yvelaferi rigzea, am dro-
Reisod msoflio xalxebSi svastikis
mimarT, Znelad warmosadgeni ar unda
iyos. amitom uadgilod da uRirsma
ar unda mokidos xeli iseT rames,
rac mkrexelobaa da meti araferi.
es arc siyvarulia eris, arc pativiscema jvris.
analogiur uxerxul mdgomareobaSi igdeben Tavs dRevandeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, rodesac pirwmindad daamaxinjes bagratovanTa sagvareulo da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo Rerbi.
jer araferi vTqvaT wminda giorgis gamosaxulebaze.
pirveli ararealoba or lomSi
mdgomareobs da yvelaze mTavarSi gvirgvinis gamosaxulebaSi. umTavresad heraldikis kanonis mixedviT lomi niSnavs mefur siZlieres,
xolo gvirgvini qveynis monarqiul
wyobas. evropaSi dRes-dReobiT romel qveyanaSic warmodgenilia qveynis patronad samefo saxli, yvela
im qveynis Rerbze gamosaxulia gvirgvini, lomi ki es eris individualuri Tvisebidan gamomdinare danarTia. swored gvirgvinia darTuli
Sveciis, daniis, didi britaneTisa
da CrdiloeT irlandiis SeerTebuli samefos, niderlandebis, luqsemburgis sahercogos, belgiis, monakosa da andoras saTavadoebis, iordaniis haSimonTa samefos Rerbeb-
Tel fonze (Tavad TeTri giorgis
asociacias qmnis oqrosferi nimbiT),
Sarleminiseuli Rerbis ideismieri
ganmeorebaa. swored rom esaa gvirgvinis darTviT mokle Rerbi saqarTvelosi. unda iTqvas, da araerTxel
iTqva, rom wminda giorgis gamosaxuleba arakanonikuria. sinamdvileSi
xatweris kanonzomierebiT wm. giorgis piri aRmosavleTisaken unda hqondes. aq ki ra gamodis gveleSapsac da wminda giorgisac mimarTuleba erTi aqvT!
anu heraldikis enaze es ikiTxeba Semdegnairad - erTi miswrafebis mqone sulieri samyaro da qvena
buneba erisa aRmosavleTidan dasaliers miiswrafis. es ki ukve Jordaniaseul simbolikebze uaresi simbolikaa Seqmnili, romelic gardauval katastrofas uqaddis da heraldikis enaze usurvebs ers. dasaliers mimavali mxolod gveleSapi unda iyos, gaucxoeba eris bunebisa da miswrafebisagan. xolo wminda giorgi, romelic eris sulieri
da zneobrivi saxea, unda miemarTebodes gveleSapis sawinaaRmdegod aRmosavleTiT, ciskris varskvlavis
Sesagebeblad bneleTidan sadReod
gamotanili. dRevandeli heraldikis
mixedviT logikurad Tu erTi miswrafeba aqvs gveleSapsa da wminda
giorgis, maSin ratom unda gangmi-
ze. erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo aqamomde san-marinos respublika, sadac araa dinastiuri mmarTveloba
qveyanaSi da mainc gvirgvinia war-
ros erTma meore, isev da isev Tu
(am Rerbis mixedviT) erTmaneTs xels
araferSi uSlian, erTi mimarTuleba aqvT da erTi miswrafeba gaaCniaT. es gakeTda mxolod imisaTvis,
rom wminda giorgis xats damsgavseboda cruxati da es unda yofiliyo simbolo eris???
da bolos warwera - `Zala erTobaSia”.
es swored isaa - tuz-koziris
kompleqsi.
kidev kargi, rom saqarTvelos
Rerbs ar waaweres devizad `Cven
erTi gundi varT”. amaTgan esec ki
mosalodnelia.
bolos da bolos, moparulia Rerbis mTavari principi - dinastiuri mmarTvelobis idea (es qarTulidan), formebi kidev gadmoRebulia evropuli Rerbebidan. amiT xelisuflebas SeiZleba surs an ar
surs, magram am moparuli simbolikebiT (monarqiul simbolikebs vgulisxmob) igi pretenzias acxadebs
respublikur monarqiaze, Tu SeiZleba SevaTavsoT saxelmwifoebrivi wyobis es ori erTmaneTis gamomricxavi sistemebi. anu arsebul
xelisuflebas surs respublikis
farglebSi saarCevno vadiT (Tu vadebiT) Caatios Tavisi absoluturi monarqiuli mmarTveloba.
iqneb am RerbiTa da droSiT es
gviTxra revoluciuri gziT mosulma axali tipis respublikurma monarqma.
m. beJaniSvili
droSa jvarosnebma moitanes saqarTveloSio. iqneb ukeT vTqvaT, iqneb
aseTi saxiT waiRes mrgvali magidis ordenis raindebma, an igive tamplierebma, an sulac graalis raindebma modernizebuli gorgasliandaviTiani droSa. iqneb graaliviT
gaibna, an graalTan erTad gaibna
presviter ioanes (anu mefexuces
ioanes) xelT-pyrobili bairaRi
didgoris brZolaSi. uniam kidev
gaamartiva daviTis droSa da igi
axla jvarosnebis mier waRebuli
ukanve dagvibrunes.
erTis sityviT, yvelaferi kargia,
jvari cxovlismyofeli, jvari patiosani - xuTjvriani iqneba is Tu
cxrajvriani, uniis droSa iqneba
Tu gorgaslian-daviTiani, jvridan
madli yovelTvis gadmodis, magram
esaa, rom misi warmomavloba, istoriuli fuZe araa Seswavlili da
igi jer mainc ar unda yofiliyo
saxelmwifo droSad gamocxadebuli,
miTumetes respublikuri wyobis saxelmwifosi da ufro uaresi - nacionaluri moZraobis simbolod.
SemiZlia amasTan dakavSirebiT analogiac movitano sul axlo warsulidan - faSisturi germaniis saxelmwifo mTavari simbolika - svastika.
isic jvaria, isic gansaxierebaa RvTiuri moZraobis mnaTTan - mzesTan.
xolo rogori damokidebulebaa sad-
modgenili saxelmwifo Rerbze. am
saxelmwifo-respublikas jer poloneTi (umniSvnelo detalizebiT arwivis Tavze gvirgvinis dasmiT) da
saqarTvelo (srulmomcvelobiT monarqiisaTvis gankuTvnili heraldikuri konstruqciiT) daemata.
rac Seexeba lomebis gamosaxulebas - isini figuralurad gadmoxatulni arian niderlandebis saxelmwifo Rerbidan (unda iTqvas, rom
Sveciis, luqsemburgis da niderlandebis Rerbebi TavianTi struqturiTYidenturni arian, mxolod mciredi niuansebiT Tu SeiZleba maTi
gansxvaveba, - magaliTad niderlandebis (iseve rogorc saqarTvelos)
lomebisgan gansxvavebiT luqsemburgisa da Sveciis lomebi TavSeqceulebi arian. saqarTvelos Rerbis
struqtura am sami Rerbisagan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom kompozicia araa
Seqmnili brwyinvale fardebis fonze.
aseve Tu farze qarTul Rerbze
wminda giorgia gamosaxuli, zemoxsenebul saxelmwifo Rerbebze samefo
rega-liebia warmoCenili (magaliTad
somxebis Rerbze lomia warmodgenili, magram aramc da aramc gvirgviniT, da lomi ara wyvilad, aramed
kentad an Tu arwivTan, an Tu mtredTan erTad).
Rerbiseuli wminda giorgis xati,
romelic farzea gamosaxuli wi-
6 qeTi xamicaSvilis
kinodarbazi
3lfdbs uehfvbidbkb4 gbhdtkb mfhsekb v[fndhekb abkvbf7 hjvtkbw
cfpqdfhufhts ufdblf8 wyj,bkb ht;bcjhb ybrjkjp cfybidbkb fv itcfybiyfd
cehfsc jvbc okt,ib bqt,lf7 ktybyuhflbc +cfyrn-gtnth,ehubc‘ ,kjrflbc
vj[cybc itvltu8 ktutylfhekvf vcf[bj,vf7 mfk,fnjyvf ljlj
zbzbyf'tv fv abkvib lfdbs uehfvbidbkbc cfnhajc - mtstdfybc hjkb
itfchekf8 tc b.j vbcb lt,benb mfhsek rbyjib8
- tc b.j gbhdtkb mfhsekb abkvb7 hjvtkbw cf,zjsf rfdibhblfy
cfpqdfhufhts ufbnfytc8 elbltcb
ofhvfnt,f [dlf obkfl8 ehsektc
gthbjlib dbqt,lbs7 jvbc lhjc7 ktybyuhflbc +f[kfyltkb cfyrn-gtnth,ehubc‘ ,kjrflf f[fkb vj[cybkb b.j8 fmtlfy sdbsvahbyfdbs xfdtlbs7 tc7 hf smvf eylf7 cfhbcrj
b.j7 cf,zjsf rfdibhbc nthbnjhbfpt [jv jvb v'dbydfht,lf8 abkvbc
uflfqt,bcsdbc ufvj.jabkb b.j
w[hf vbkbjyb vfytsb8 cfzbhj b.j
hsekb lf vlblhekb ltrjhfwbt,bc ufrtst,f7 bv lfh,fpbc vjo.j,f7
cflfw hectsbc vtatc eylf vbtqj
cfmfhsdtkjlfy xfcekb cnevht,b7
vtat df[nfyu |68 jvbc lhjc lbl
cbhsektc ofhvjflutylf kehcvyt,bc7 cfqt,fdt,bc7 cfthsjl7 ltrjhfwbt,bc ijdyf8 hjujhw bmyf7 vjbgjdtc tc .dtkfathb8 cfmfhsdtkjc
rbytvfnjuhfabbc ths-thsvf
vtcdtehvf7 ufvjwlbkvf jgthfnjhvf atklvfyvf lf ht;bcjhvf ybrjkjp cfybidbkvf thvbnf;bc vfibyltk lbhtmnjhc bjct, jh,tkc
+jh,tkbfyc‘ vbfiehtc8 cojhtl bm
eylf uflfqt,ekb.j fyf ltljakbc vbth df[nfyu |6-bc vbqt,bc cwtyf8 itoe[lf lbhtmnjhb5 hjujh vjf[th[t,s uflfqt,fc7 lfh,fpt,ib vbyt,b xfvc[dhtekbf7 bfnfrb nfkf[bcf lf odbvbcufy lfpbfyt,ekbj8
uflfvqt,b ]ueab lf/gbhlf thvbnf;bc xfvc[dhtekb vbyt,bc fqlutyfc7
lfh,fpt,bc ufhtvjynt,fc7 abkvbc
lbhtmnjhc7 nfhfcb vf[fhf’tc7 dbqfw mfhsdtkvf7 udfhfl ,thb’tv fxemf efvhfdb vbyf +ehfkblfy xfvjenfytc‘8 fb7 tc vbyt,b xfcdtc thvbnf;bc ityj,bc afy]ht,ib8
eylf fqbybiyjc cnfkbybc v[fhlfzthf fv abkvbc uflfqt,bc
ghjwtcib8 f,f7 jvbc lhjc ktybyuhflib uflfqt,t,bc lfo.t,fc hjujh
ufd,tlfdlbs0= sfyfw7 cnfkbyvf rfhufl bwjlf lfdbs uehfvbidbkbc vybidytkj,f cfmfhsdtkjc bcnjhbfcf se
kbnthfnehfib8 sfvfvfl dbn.db7 ijsf hecsfdtkbc itvltu cfmfhsdtkjc
fh /.jkbf fctsb lblb gjtnb8
abkvib chekbfl itvs[dtdbs vbvbodbtc8 chekbfl f[fkufphlf db.fdb7 !) okbc8 ht;bcjh ybrjkjp
cfybidbkbc ltlfc mexfib itvs[dtdbs deyf[bdfh7 erfy ufvjv.jkbf7 ufeubf vbcfvfhsb lf cf[kib vbcekc
vstkb lfh,fpb qhbfkt,lf7 [vfvfqkf vjsmdfvlf8 ubjhub .dtkfc e.dfhlf7 byntkbutywbfcfw lf e,hfkj [fk[cfw8 hfqfw c[dfyfbhb b.j8
fv nhfutlbbc itvltu fsfcb zjhb
fujhlf - yfcdfvb b.jj7 upfpt dth
uflfdblfj lf f8i8 vfuhfv bc rb dbwb7
v’qjkb7 dbyw bc nhjktb,ecb lff]f[f7 cfibykfl ufybwlblf fv itvs[dtdfc7 nbhjlf8 xtvc w[jdht,fib fctsb lfrh’fkdf fh vbyf[fdc8 pqdf [fk[b
b.j7 smdty ofhvjblubyts7 mehst,bw
rb vjdblyty7 c[df thbc idbkt,b8
fv abkvib ,ho.bydfkt fhnbcnt,b
vjyfobktj,ty - fkt jvbf’t7 ifkdf
qfv,fib’t7 ubjhub lfdbsfidbkb lf
c[dt,b8 ,fnjyb fkt ,ho.bydfkt gbhjdyt,f b.j7 ufyfskt,ekb8 cfthsjl7
fv sfj,bc vcf[bj,t,b ufvjbhxtjlyty
obuybtht,bs7 afhsj ufyfskt,bs7
reknehbs8 hjvtkb thsb xfvjdsdfkj - bcbyb lblb mfhsdtkt,b b.dyty8
3lfdbs uehfvbidbkib4 hjltcfw uflfvbqtc7 ufdtwfyb bcnjhbfc7 xdtyc
bvlhjbyltk .jafc8 f[kf cf.dtlehbs othty - hectsc hjujh itdethslbs7 hfnjv uflfluf thtrktv tc
yf,b]bj lf f8i8 thtrkt hjv fh .jab-
qalisTvis mikocnia,
magram bJRartisTvis arao!
dodo
WiWinaZe:
idbkbcsdbc esmdfvc7 uehfvbidbkbc
cfnhajc hjkbcsdbc vcf[bj,c hjv
t’t,s7 mexfib bctsb rfhub ujuj dyf[t7 fb vbcfvfhsb7 oflbs lf smdtyw
vjbyf[ektsj8 fct vbvbodbtc fv abkvib ybrjkjp cfybidbkvf lf bjct,
sevfybidbkvf8 ubjhub ifduekb’t erdt lfybiyekb b.j vsfdfh hjkpt8
bc b.j elbltcb vfcinf,t,bc vmjyt
vcf[bj,b7 itt’kj hjujhw nhfubrekb7 bct rjvbrehb hjkt,bc sfvfib8 xdty gbhdtkfl cojhtl fv abkvib itd[dlbs thsvfytsc8 ths tgbpjlib xtvsdbc eylf trjwyf8 vjbnfylf f[kjc xtvc cf[tcsfy sfdc lf
fen.lt,jlf cbwbkb8 rfwj7 mfkbcsdbc fh ubrjwybf0 - erdbhlf ht;bcjhc8 - mfkbcsdbc hjujh fh vbrjwybf7 vfuhfv ,;qfhnbcsdbc - fhfj
- bwbyjlf8 ,jkjc tc tgbpjlb fct
uflfbqtc - dbsjv vrjwybc lf sfdbs
tafht,f trhfyc8 fct lfdhxb vbcsdbc
,jkjvlt ,fdidfl8 itvltu okt,bc
vfy’bkpt ubjhub xtvb gfhnybjhb
b.j cwtyfpt8 b.j e,ho.bydfktcb gbhjdyt,f7 cfjwhfl rtsbkb7 lfhlbvfylb7 .dtkfyfbhfl itvrekb df;rfwb - ufhtuyj,bsfw lf cekbtht,bsfw8 vbc j]f[sfy dvtuj,hj,lb - vbc
vteqktcsfy - kbpbrj dfxyf’tcsfy8
ubjhub ifduekb’bc ufhlfwdfkt,f cfibytkt,f b.j .dtkfcsdbc8 stfnhib vjbnfytc fv,fdb - ubjhub ifduekb’tc vfymfyf lft]f[f7 lfbqegfj8
gjkbnbrbc itltubf8 lbl itwljvfc
lfeidt,ty se uflfo.dtnbkt,fc fh
ufyf[jhwbtkt,ty8
ubf lfytkbfc itcfybiyfdb vij,kt,b /.fdlf8 ltlf - vthb fy]fafhb’t dthbrj fy]fafhb’bc lf uf[klfs8 vstkb sfdbcb w[jdht,f vtjht ht;bcjhfl veifj,lf +rbyjcnelbfib fhct,j,lf itcfybiyfdb sfyfvlt,j,f rbyjabkvbc vtjht ht;bcjhb‘8 mfk,fnjyb vthb vhfdfkb okbc ufyvfdkj,fib veifj,lf vb[tbk zbfehtksfy8 itcfybiyfdb mfk,fnjyb b.j8
bevjhbs cfdct7 dthbrjc ’fkbfy /ufdlf8 sfdbc j]f[ib [ibhfl udtgfnb;t,jlf mfhsdtk cneltynt,c7 udbvfcgby’klt,jlf7 w[tk cflbkt,c udbvpflt,lf7 hfw ’fkbfy udzbhlt,jlf bv
gthbjlib +bqbvt,f‘8 qfhb, cneltynt,c vfnthbfkehfl t[vfht,jlf8
hfw itt[t,f abkvib vjyfobktt,c
- df[nfyu rbrf,b’t7 hjujhw vcf[bj,b
+tcnhflfpt erdt bwyj,lyty vfc7 hjujhw ybzbth vjvqthfkc‘7 ubf lfytkbfv fqvjfxbyf8 vfy itcfybiyfdb cf[tt,b itmvyf ubfc abkvt,ib8 sbsmvbc
abkvb fh uflfeqbf7 df[nfyu rbrf,b’t hjv fh vbtodbf8 f[kjc dbwyj,lb
aheypbr vrhnxbfyc7 fhfxdtekt,hbdb gbhjdyt,f b.j7 cf.dfhtkb flfvbfyb7 dvtuj,hj,lbs8 c[dflfc[df thbc
[tkjdfy flfvbfyt,c vfiby eahj f[kj ehsbthsj,f udmjylf8 aheypbr
vrhnxbfyb vbyf[fdc c[dflfc[df cgtmnfrkt,ibw7 eybzbthtcb vcf[bj,b b.j8
vbcb ’bf ,fqlfcfhb vbvfxybf stfnhfkehb [tkjdyt,bc itltdhfl8 fhf
vfhnj itcfybiyfdb vcf[bj,b b.j7 fhfvtl fhfxdtekt,hbdb gbhjdyt,fw7 cfmfhsdtkjc vbvfhs cb.dfhekbsf lf
cbs,jsb ufyo.j,bkb7 ,tdhb mfhsdtkb vtuj,fhb /.fdlf8
tdutyb ktjyjdb ubfc ths-thsb cf.dfhtkb vcf[bj,bf8 vujyb7 fh uflfeqbf abkvb7 ktjyjdc hjv fh vbtqj
vjyfobktj,f8 bc b.j gbhdtk hbuib
itcfybiyfdb stfnhfkehb vcf[bj,b7
vt vfc ]th rbltd bv lhjc dbwyj,lb7
hjltcfw vjcrjdib7 cnfybckfdcrbc cf[tkj,bc stfnhib veifj,lf8 vhfdfkb otkb bveifdf rjvrfdibhbc stfnhib - tuhtsojlt,ek 3ktyrjvib48
ubf lfytkbfc /mjylf ybzb7 sfdbc ufhitvj itvjtrhb,f bctsb cfbynthtcj
flfvbfyt,b7 hjujht,bw b.dyty5 aheypbr vrhnxbfyb7 tdutyb ktjyjdb7 hjujhbwff df[nfyu rbrf,b’t8 abkvib
vfhskfw ufcfjwfhb ehsbthsj,ff
fcf[ekb7 hecb thjdyt,bc flfvbfybc
lfvjrblt,ekt,f mfhsdtkb ]fhbcrfwbcflvb7 hjvtkbw vfcsfy thsfl
ahjynpt b,h’jlf8 vfhsfkbf7 itwlf7 f[fkufphlf mfhsdtkb vahbyfdb sfyfvt,h’jkbc df;b tujyf7 vfuhfv vbc vbvfhs vfbyw cbs,j lf cbrtst ufvjfdkbyf8 ubf lblb bynthyfwbjyfkbcnbf7 yfvldbkb mfhsdtkb7
sfdbcb mdt.ybc gfnhbjnb7 hjvtkvfw c[df [fk[bc cb.dfhekbw bwbc
lf vfssfy ehsbthsj,bcfc .jdtk-
TDUTYB
KTJYJDB LF
DF[NFYU
RBRF,B'T
JWLFFSB OTKBF7
3VBVBYJ4 3XBNJ-UDHBNJC4 VQTHBC=
RFLHT,B ABKVBLFY
3VBVBYJ4
T
GH KTY
F
JR
KJ
DF
AHEYPBR VRHNXBFYB
LF DF[NFYU RBRF,B'T
VFHBYF
LBE;TDF
UBJHUB
IFDUEKB'T
kb.j lf cfmfhsdtkj hectsc hjv
fh itthst,jlf7 lqtc mfhsdtkb cf’t,fhb bmyt,jlf8 vflkj,bc vfubdhfl7
fmts cf.dtlehj,ty .dtkfc7 dbcfw rb
vbcodlt,bfy8 bkbfc hjv thb vjrkfdc7
fvfpt cfvfhw[dbyj hf eylf b.jc0=
bwbs7 bkbf zfdzfdf’tv hf uffrtsf0 ktrt,c upt,b xfertnf7 rf[tsib hjv
fh uf,fnjyt,ekb.dyty7 xffcf[kf bm
bvthkt,b888 tvlehbfy thtrktc7 vjrktc bkbf7 kfaib cdhbfy cnfkbybc
cf[tkc - bv rfwbc cf[tkc7 hjvtkvfw
lblb odkbkb itbnfyf cfmfhsdtkjcf
lf hectsbc trktcbt,c ijhbc ehsbthsj,bc fqlutyfib8 cek ,fdidb db.fdb7
hjltcfw cbvjy xbmjdfybc wjkvf ofvb.dfyf vw[tsfib lf lfdtcofhb rfkbcnhfnt wbywf’bc fqcf.lht,fc8
jhb abkvb7 hbsfw itb’kt,f hectssfy rtsbkvtpj,kj,bc fqlutyf7 tc fhbc - 3lfdbs uehfvbidbkb4
lf 3]fhbcrfwbc vfvf48 vfhsfkbf7 hectsbc bvgthbf bg.hj,lf vtpj,tk
vbot,c - ifvbkbc bcnjhbf vf[ctylt,f - lfvfhw[t,ekb ifvbkb gtnth,ehuib vb/.fdlfs8 jhb rdbhbc
vupfdhj,bc itvltu uflfqkbkvf
hec utythfkc /rbs[f - ,fnjyj utythfkj7 ,jkjc lf ,jkjc7 hjlbc
xfdfks gtnth,ehuib0 utythfkc
egfce[bf - bvfv7 ths rdbhfib gtnth,ehuib dbmyt,bsj8 ufqbvt,bf ifvbkc5 - bvgthfnjhc uflftwbs7 fv[tkf vbot,bc gfnhjyc xtvb jhvjwlffsb fekb hfl eyljlfj888
RFLHT,B
ABKVBLFY 3LFDBS
UEHFVBIDBKB4
3vbvbyj4 #_ okbcff8 mfhsdtkt,bc7 cjv[t,bcf lf hect,bc vtuj,hj,bc ybiyfl7 hectsbc aeylfvtynehb [tkjdyt,bc
rjvbcbbc uflfo.dtnbkt,bs7 abkvbc uvbht,c vjcrjdib +3xbcnbt ghelb4` ’tukb eylf lfelufy8 sevwf7 gjkbnbrjct,vf
tc bybwbfnbdf fynbmfhsekb rfvgfybbc uf,fsbkt,bc vwltkj,fl xfsdfktc8 gjkbnbrf gjkbnbrfl7 vfuhfv tc abkvb
.dtkfc e.dfhc7 ufyehxtdkfl thjdyt,bcf8 lbl fdbfwbfpt vtjwyt,t mfhsdtkb gbkjnbc 2 dfkbrj vbpfylfhbc w[jdht,bctek
tgbpjlt,c hfvlty]thfw eylf de.ehjs7 fh udo.bylt,f8 vjfhek ahfpt,fl bmwf df[nfyu rbrf,b’bcf lf cjvt[b vcf[bj,bc
aheypbr vrhnxbfybc uvbht,bc lbfkjut,ib uf;qtht,ekb cbn.dt,b8 abkvvf lhjc ufe’kj7 tct bub7 erdlfdt,f itb’byf8
fylhj zbfehtkb7 abkvbc ht;bcjhbc ubf lfytkbfc ltblfidbkbc idbkb7 ht;bcjhb5 3vbvbyj4
rfhub abkvb ufvjdblf7 [fk[c e.dfhc8
itvjmvtlbcsdbc [jv bc fhbc vsfdfhb7 [fk[vf fqbfhjc7 itb.dfhjc lf
vbcvf yfveitdfhvf lhjc ufe’kjc8
df[nfyu +,e,f‘ rbrf,b’tc ubf ,fdidj,blfydt bwyj,lf8 gbhdtkfl 3fh lfblfhljib4 uflfbqj8 vbe[tlfdfl bvbcf7 hjv ,e,f vjvqthfkbf7 abkvib
itcfybiyfdfl bsfvfif8 itvltu ubfv
3vbvbyjib4 vbbodbf8 uflfqt,t,b vbvlbyfhtj,lf cfmfhsdtkjibw +seitsib` lf hectsibw8 ubfc cfmfhsdtkjib fh ew[jdhbf7 vfuhfv ’fkbfy rfhufl bwbc mfhsdtkb rfwbc ,eyt,f7
nhflbwbt,b8 mfhsek j]f[ib ufbpfhlf7 ptlvbotdybs bwyj,c mfhsek
reknehfc7 s,bkbcib efvhfdb vtuj,fhb /.fdc8 cfmfhsdtkjib [ibhfl
fh xfvjlbc7 vfuhfv cfntktajyj
rfdibhb udfmdc8 fm xfvjcekb7 cfcnevhjib xthlt,f [jkvt7 [fy cjabrj
zbfehtksfy8 .dtkfc ’fkbfy e[fhbf
vbcb cnevhj,f8 vjcrjdib ubfc lblb
j]f[b fmdc8 cfvoe[fhjl7 thsb df;b
nhfubrekfl lftqegf8 /.fdc rbltd
thsb df;b lf mfkbidbkb7 idbkbidbkt,b8 vteqkt7 fctdt ht;bcjhb ufkbf lfytkbf vbcb uekitvfnrbdfhb
lf yfvldbkb vtuj,fhbf8 vb[fhbf7 hjv
abkvbc uvbht,bc ’tukb eylf lfblufc vjcrjdib8 ht;bcjhbcsdbc tc yfvldbkb ufvfh]dt,ff8 f[kf ubf lfytkbf veknabkvc bqt,c sfdbcb abkvbc 3mby-'f-'fc4 vb[tldbs8
ubuf kjhsmbafyb’t7 ht;bcjhb5
ubf lfytkbf vcjakbj vybidytkj,bc ht;bcjhbf7 vb.dfhc vbcb abkvt,b7 ufycfresht,bs tc abkvb - 3vbvbyj47 hjvtkcfw erdt #_ otkb itecheklf8 hfvlty]thfw exdtyt,ty ntktdbpbbs7 bvlty]th de.eht,8 lfytkbfc 3fajybf47 3fh lfblfhlj4 lf
c[df abkvt,b vcjakbj rbyjc itltdht,fl vbvfxybf8
ubf lfytkbfc cneltynj,bc lhjblfy dbwyj,8 ufycfresht,bs lfdef[kjdlb vjcrjdib cofdkbc gthbjlib8 c[dfsfijhbc7 ubf fhmbntmnehbc
afrekntnpt cofdkj,lf7 ht;bcjhj,f vjudbfyt,bs uflfo.dbnf7 vfc
itvltu7 hfw vt7 sfvfp vtkbfdfc lf
c[dt,c lfudbf[kjdlf8 ufycfresht,bs
f[kjc b.j sfvfp vtkbfdfcsfy
+3kjylhtc4 lf 3vsdfhbc vjnfwt,bc4
ht;bcjhb7 ’fkbfy flht lfbqegf7
eybzbthtcb ht;bcjhb b.j‘8 cojhtl
sfvfpbc vtidtj,bs lfdevtuj,hlb ubf
lfytkbfc8 ubf efqhtcfl vfqfkb ljybc ghjatcbjyfkbf7 byntkbutynb7
bevjhbs cfdct flfvbfyb7 hjvtkcfw
[fylf[fy ctdlfw f[kfdc7 kbhbpvb8
vbylf uekohatkfl vbdekjwj ubfc fv itcfybiyfdb abkvbc #_ okbc
be,bkt8 dbwjlb7 hjv uflfo.dtnbkb
b.j 3vbvbyjc4 uvbht,bc ’tukbc lfluvf vjcrjdib7 hfnjv uflfbabmhtc7
fh dbwb8 tn.j,f7 f[fkb thjdyekb
LJLJ ZBZBYF'T
sdbc gjekj,c lbl hjvfynbpvc8
ubjhub lfytkbf7 ht;bcjhb +hecekb ghtcbcsdbc vbwtvekb bynthdbelfy`5 ,fdidj,blfy dtsf.dfyt,jlb
atlthbrj atkbybc lf xfhkb xfgkbyc8 atkbybc ufhlfwdfkt,bc itvltu vtujyf7 hjv vfcsfy thsfl \\
cfereybc rbytvfnjuhfabfw vjrdlf8
bvltyfl ufydbwflt7 hjv bnfkbfib
vbc lfrh’fkdfptw rb xfdtlb8 hfw itt[t,f eiefkjl vfcofdkt,tkc7 w[jdht,bc vfcofdkt,tkb sdbsjy w[jdht,ff888 cfresfh abkvt,c fh de.eht,8 cfvb cfdbpbnj abkvb vfmdc uflfqt,ekb5 3itvjlujvbc vfhfsjyb47
3lfdlbdfh vjcrjdbc mext,ib4 lf 3fh
lfblfhlj48 vfufkbsfl7 3fajybfib4
,tdh rflhc fvjdbqt,lb8 hfw itt[t,f
3vbvbyjc47 [fkbcbs db[ctyt, uflfqt,bc ghjwtcc7 vcf[bj,t,c8 rbrf,b’tcsfy veifj,f thsb lblb cbfvjdyt,ff7 xdty ecbn.djl deut,s thsvfytsc7 lblb f[cyf-ufyvfhnt,t,b fh
vzbhlt,f8 se rbrf,b’tc uflfcfqt, vjtlfypt hfqfw fh ufvjclbc7 tct bub7
sdbsjy rbrf,b’bc rb fhf7 cwtyfhbc
,hfkbf7 ibu hfqfw bctsb othbf7 hbcb itchekt,fw ite’kt,tkbf8
3vbvbyjc4 cfmfhsdtkjc vsbfytsib dbqt,lbs8 sfdblfy xfabmht,ekb
udmjylf7 vbvbyj ,ty;fvtybc vcufdcb
.jabkb.j - nbgbehb bvthtkb7 v[bfhekb8 fdtlbs vsfib8 bm cek c[df
,eyt,bc flfvbfyt,b w[jdhj,ty7 ufwbkt,bs [bcnb7 wjnf vrfwhbw8 rbrf,b’tv vbs[hf7 rfhub bmyt,f7 abkvib hfqfw cwtyt,c se itwdkbsj8 fvbnjv itdwdfkts sdbsjy vbvbyjc [fcbfsb7 sdbct,t,b888
abkvb #_ okbcff8 sfdblfydt wyj,bkb b.j7 hjv dfkbrj vbpfylfhbc
hjkpt df[nfyu rbrf,b’t eylf vbtodbfs7 vfuhfv vbcb vtuj,hbc hjkpt
jhb rfylblfnb b.j - tdutyb ktjyjdb lf aheypbr vrhnbxbfyb8 vjytnbc
fult,f uflfeo.dtnbfs7 se vjytnf
3htirfpt4 lf]lt,jlf7 uflfbqt,lyty
ktjyjdc7 se 3fhbjkpt4 - vrhnbxbfyc7 vjytnf 3fhbjkpt4 lf]lf8 itvltu ktjyjdb vfbyw uflfbqtc abkvib rjnt vbpfylfhbc ahjyntkb vtuj,hbc hjkib8 cfmfhsdtkjc vsbfytsbc ufhlf uflfqt,f vbvlbyfhtj,lf hectsib - vjcrjdib7 cfcnevhj
3hjcbfib48 abkvib ,tdhb cfcfwbkj
tgbpjlb cojhtl aheypbr vrhnxbfybc vjujybkbf8 vfcsfy lfrfdibht,bs
thsb obyffqvltuj,f b.j - ,tdhc cdfvlf8 cfmvt bmfvltw vbcekf7 hjv ubf
lfytkbfc esmdfvc5 fy cfcvtkb7 fy uflfqt,f= cfvb lqbc itvltu vrhnxbfyb lfytkbfcsfy jsf[ib itcekf lf
esmdfvc5 vbd[dlb7 mdt.fyfc fct ereqvfhsfl hfnjv vfhsfdty - [tkv’qdfytkt,b fh cdfvty lf cbcektkbc
xfcfltyfl lblb tythubf hxt,fsj888
vjcrjdbc cfthsfijhbcj rbyjatcnbdfkpt rjvbcbfc bv tgbpjlbc fvjqt,f vjes[jdbf7 cflfw rbrf,b’bc uvbhb
stkfdbc yfwdkfl stk-fdbdib kfgfhfrj,lf8 ubf lfytkbfc rfntujhbekb efhb esmdfvc8 vbhxtdybf7 abkvb
sfhjpt itvjljs7 dblht tc tgbpjlb fvjbqjsj8 rjvbcbf ervf.jabkj
.jabkf bvbsfw7 hjv abkvib vjyfobktj,lf cch rfdibhblfy ew[jtsib ofcekb vcf[bj,b cfdtkb rhfvfhjdb8 ubf lfytkbfc fvfcsfy lfrfdibht,bsfw /mjybf obyffqvltuj,f888
qeTi xamicaSvilis
ite’kt,tkbf7 rjvtlbf 3cb.dfhekb .dtkfc eylf4 yf[j lf
.dtkfpt vtnfl fh lfufvf[cjdhltc ,thnf [fafdfcf lf rf[b rfdcf’bc
o.dbkb7 vfsb lbfkjut,b7 cf[fkbcj tgbpjlt,b fv abkvc vfhskfw
rjkjhbnc vfnt,c8 xdtyb cnevfhbf vcf[bj,b ,thnf [fafdf7
hjvtkbw cbfvjdyt,bs b[ctyt,c fv rjvtlbbc uflfqt,bc ghjwtcc8
- cfyfv fv hjkpt lfvfvnrbwt,lyty7 cby]t,b ufdbfhts vtw lf c[df
vcf[bj,t,vfw7 ]ueab lfrjvgktmnlf
lf ofdtlbs rf[tsib uflfcfqt,fl8
xtvb uvbhb sfdbct,ehb [fcbfsbc mfkbf7 xtvufy f,cjkenehfl ufyc[dfdt,ekb sdbct,t,bc8 vfuhfv vcf[bj,vf eylf bsfvfijc bc hjkb7 hjvtkcfw ht;bcjhb csfdfpj,c7 eylf
ittwfljc7 hfw itb’kt,f yfskfl
ufvjrdtsjc sfdbcb gthcjyf;b8 vtw
itdtwflt8 cfresfhb sfdb hjv vtsfvfif7 vfiby tc cf[tw fh itbmvyt,jlf8 abkvc !)(_ otkc dbqt,lbs7
fhfxdtekt,hbdb lhj b.j7 itcfybiyfdb ht;bcjht,b7 vcf[bj,t,b8 bidbfsfl7 hjv fcts ]ueaib vj[dltc vcf[bj,b8 yfvldbkfl ufvbvfhskf8
- cfl vbvlbyfhtj,lf uflfqt,t,b0
- rf[tsib7 stkfdib7 ekfvfptc cjakt,ib - fhsfyfib7 cf,etib8 abkvbc
uflfqt,blfy @% otkboflpt vtnb ufdblf8 vfiby ufwbkt,bs f[fkufphlf
db.fdb7 sfy ufv[lfhb7 f[kf ojyfib
cfuh’yj,kfl vjdbvfnt7 fvbnjv7 hjltcfw fv abkvbc rflht,c d[tlfd7 vb[fhbf7 jltcqfw fctsb ufv[lfhb hjv
db.fdb8 hfw cbufhtnc sfdb lfdfyt,t7
3cbufytib4 ofdtlb +tqbvt,f‘8 vstkb
xtvb w[jdht,f dyfnhj,lb7 qvthsj7
hf bmyt,f7 fsb rbkjuhfvb vfbyw vjdbvfnj-vtsmb888 t/7 bc lhj fhfclhjc
lf,heylt,f888
ubjhub ityutkfbfcsfy veifj,f
’fkpt cfcbfvjdyjf7 pecnfl ub[cybc
gthcjyf;bc [fcbfsc7 uf’ktdc f,cjkeneh sfdbceakt,fc7 hfw bidbfsbf8 uflfqt,t,b7 ’bhbsflfl7 pfa[ekib vbvlbyfhtj,lf8 wfkrtekb
tgbpjlt,b itvjlujvfpt7 hsdtkbc
lhjcfw uflfdbqts8
- fv,j,ty7 fv abkvbc uflfqt,bc
itvltu rf[tkt,b ufyfo.tylytyj888
- sfdblfy ufyfo.tylyty7 fytrljnt,bc vb[tldbs uflfbqtcj7 vfuhfv itvltu7 hjwf hfzdtkt,cf lf bvthkt,ptw uflfbqtc abkvt,b7 lfo.yfhlyty888 lfve[nekb dfh rf[tsbcf lf rf[tkt,bc vbvfhs cb.dfhekbsf lf gfnbdbcwtvbs8 vt lf rf[b fv abkvbc ufhlf lff[kjt,bs % rbyjcehfsib dfhs
gfhnybjht,b - thsfl udbqt,lyty fmfw
- cfmfhsdtkjib lf erhfbyfibw8 rf[b
fhfxdtekt,hbdb gbhjdyt,ff7 fqfh dkf-
bveifdt,lyty7 vtjht lqtc fqfh vjlbjlyty7 xdtysfy thsfl cfmvbc rtst,f ezbhlfs8 abkvib fhfghjatcbjyfkt,bw vjyfobktj,ty7 se uf[cjds7 mfk,fnjyb rdthw[c hjv .blbc7 fhfxdtekt,hbdfl bsfvfif7 fkfkb7 vihjvtkb mfkb uf[klfs8 cbfvjdyt,bs db[ctyt, vfs8 .dtkfc lblb
cbs,jsb lf vjyfnht,bs vjdbrbs[fd8
f[kf [jv rbyjofhvjt,f sbsmvbc itxtht,ekbf8 ,jkjc ujlth’b xj[tkvf uflfvbqj sfdbc abkvib7 fctdt
ktdfy pfmfhtbidbkvf abkvib - 3s,bkbcb-s,bkbcb4 - vptcevpbhbc ufv.bldtkc dsfvfij,8 ktdfyb ittobhf
rbltw fv abkvc8 hdf okbc obyfs
lfdbo.ts uflfqt,f7 odfkt,bs lfdfchekts8 gbhdtkfl hjv dyf[t7 itvtibylf7 tc hf okt,b ufbfhf cfmfh-
lf lbcidbkb7 hjvtkbw otkc evfqktc cfcofdkt,tkib f,fht,c trjyjvbreh afrekntnpt8 cekfw fh vbyljlf vcf[bj,b ufv[lfhb.j +fvbcb fhw
cehdbkb fmdc7 fhw - ybzb‘8 yfvldbkfl fh vcehc7 bc upf ufbfhjc7 hfw
vt ufdbfht8 bc nfy]df-ofvt,f - bycnbnenib xfhbw[dblfy7 lqtdfyltk lqtvlt8 dth fuboths7 hf obyffqvltuj,t,bc uflfkf[df lfvzbhlf8 kfyufhpt
lflt,ekb fhfathb vjvcdkbf8 pjuc
bct bjkfl ufvjclbc .dtkfathb - qvthsvf itfhujc - vfuhfv vt .jdtksdbc
lblb ,h’jkf vzbhlt,jlf hfbvtc vbcfqotdfl8 vbe[tlfdfl fvbcf7 erfy hjv
lfnhbfkltc w[jdht,f7 vfbyw vcf[bj,bc ghjatcbfc fdbhxtdlb - fctf7 hf
dmyf8 jhvjwlffsfvlt abkvib dfh uflfqt,ekb7 ntktcgtmnfrkt,ib7 cgtm-
7
fhfcjltc lfvfdbo.lt,f dthbrj fy]fafhb’t7 hjvkbc udthlbsfw cwtyfpt
dbsfvfit 3,thyfhlf fk,fc cf[kib47
xdtyb wyj,bkb vcf[bj,t,b - rf[b rfdcf’t7 ubdb ,thbrfidbkb8 fhfthsb hjkb
itvbchekt,bf vfs udthlbs8 hectsib
uflfqt,ekb dfh - ]bufh[fybfysfy7
rfhfxtywtdsfy7 ufansfy thsfl8
- hfvltyb okbc ,h’fylt,bs7 mfk,fnjyj ,thnf0
- cfvjwlf[esb okbc dfh7 ,t,thb8
- smdtyvf gfhnybjhvf fv abkvib - rf[b rfdcf’tv fvthbrfib uekbc jgthfwbf ufbrtsf7 hjujhw
vbcb vto.dbkt abkvblfy7 fh.bc
lfktdfc bctd ferh’fkfds0
- rf[bc dekjwfd ufvj]fyvhstkt,fc7 sfdc ufeahs[bkltc7 qvthsvf
rfhufl fv.jajc7 mfhsek rbyjcf lf
xtvsdbc bmblfy uflvj[njvf
,THNF [FAFDF5
gfhfrj, vbc ybzbtht,fpt8 uflfcfqt,
vjtlfypt gfhnybjhc .dtkfyfbhfl t[vfht,f7 ite’kbf vfcsfy thsfl hfvltybvt cffsc bveifjc7 sfdbcb vjcfpht,f ufepbfhjc8
- uflfqt,bc lhjc fbdybc [bc
’tkc vfhskfw xfvjtrblts0
- lbf[7 xfvjdtrblt lf vfhskfw
xfvjddfhlb8 tc rflht,b hfvlty]thvt
uflfdbqts7 [tkt,b cek uflf.dktabkb vmjylf8 sevwf7 bctsb cbvfqkblfy fh ddfhlt,b7 hjujhbw abkvib xfyc7 f[kf hjv xfvjdtrblj fcts
’tkpt7 yfvldbkfl vfhw[b vjvbdf7 vfuhfv vfiby f[fkufphlfw db.fdb7 ufv[lfhbw7 xbnbdbs dahtylb7 xtvsdbc
bmblfy uflvj[njvf fhfathb b.j8
- f[fkufphlf vcf[bj,t,pt hfc
bn.dbs0
- itcfybiyfdb f[fkufphlt,b b.dyty
- lfht]fy [fxb’t7 df[nfyu afyxekb’t7 fvbhfy fvbhfyfidbkb7 nhbcnfy cfkfhb’t8 ubj [ewbidbkb cek .vfodbkb b.j8 df[j lblb [fybf7 fh vbyf[fdc7 ,jkj lhjc cfpqdfhufhts b.j
ofcekb8 ufubrdbhlt,fs lf7 f[fkufphlf vrthfdbcsdbc cfkjyc hjv fityt,ty7 [tkjcyt,vf bv flubkfc jsf-
wyj,bkvf ht;bcjhvf jsfh bjctkbfyvf 3ubjhuj,bcsdt4 !)^^
otkc uflfbqj8 f[fkufphlf7 gfnbjcfyb vtqdbybc hjkpt !) okbc
hfvfp ubjhuj,bfyb vbbodbf7 hjvtkcfw afhsj cfpjufljt,f ]th
rbltd fh bwyj,lf lf evfqktc cfcofdkt,tkib vfstvfnbrbc
vtwybtht,fc teakt,jlf8 f[fkufphlf lt,benfynsfy thsfl
abkvib vjyfobktj,ty wyj,bkb vcf[bj,t,b5 ljlj f,fib’t7 ,e[enb
pfmfhbf’t7 frfrb rdfynfkbfyb7 ujub [fhf,f't lf c[dt,b8
YEYERF UBJHUJ,BFYB7 hfvfp ubjhuj,bfybc vteqkt5 - bv lhjc7
hjltcfw hfvfpb fv abkvib uflfbqtc7 xdty ]th rbltd fh dbwyj,lbs
thsvfytsc8 hjujhw dbwb7 ,fnjyb
jsfhb vsfdfhb hjkbcsdbc fhfcnfylfhnek nbgf;c t’t,lf8 hfvfpb cfthsj vtuj,fhsfy thsfl
cflqfw lfeyf[fdc8 vfiby hfvfpb !)
okbc .vfodbkb b.j7 vfuhfv cfrvfjl zrdbfyb lf ufyfskt,ekb uf[klfs8 vfstvfnbrehpt cofdkj,lf8
itvltu ;ehyfkbcnbrbc afrekntnpt888 bv pfa[ekc pqdfpt ofdblf
lfcfcdtyt,kfl7 s,bkbcblfy ltgtif vbbqj - vsfdfh hjkpt lfufvnrbwtcj8 hf smvf eylf7 efhb fh
esmdfvc7 xfvjdblf7 uflfbqtc8 fvbc
vtht hfvfpvf uflfo.dbnf7 vjcrjdib
ofcekb.j lf rbytvfnjuhfabbc bycnbnenib cfht;bcjhj afrekntnpt xft,fht,byf8 cojhtl bv lhjc
s,bkbcbc stfnhfkeh bycnbnenib
cfht;bcjhj afrekntnb ufb[cyf8
fvbnjv cf,est,b fm itbnfyf8 ,fnjy
styubp f,ekf’bc ]ueaib vj[dlf8
fhfxdtekt,hbdb ]ueab b.j7 vfcsfy
thsfl cofdkj,lyty5 yfyf ]jh]f’t7
ubf vfnfhf’t7 stveh ,f,kefyb7 ujlth’b xj[tkb7 yfyf ]fytkb’t8
hfvfpc sfdblfydt itcfybiyfd vcf[bj,t,sfy thsfl vjeobf sfvfib8 ufb[ctyts7 seylfw7 tc abkvb5 ujub
[fhf,f't7 ljlj f,fib’t7 frfrb rdfynfkbfyb7 fy 3cthtyflf47 cflfw fctdt
fhfghjatcbjyfk vcf[bj,sfy pjpj
,fmhf’tcsfy thsfl bsfvfif8 fhfxdtekt,hbdb abkvt,bf - 3.tkcf,fvb cfnhajcfsdbc47 3wbcathb vst,b7 fye
lfe]tht,tkb fv,fdb48 cfthsjl7 hfvfpb sfdbcsfdc sfvfij,c abkvt,ib8
vbcb uvbht,bw bctsbdt e,hfkj7 eiefkj lf vfhsfkb flfvbfyt,b fhbfy7
hjujhbw sdbsjy b.j w[jdht,fib8
hjltcfw 3wbcath vst,c4 de.eht,7
vujybf7 hjv 3ubjhuj,bcsdbc4 ufuh’tkt,ff7 bvltyfl /udfyfy tc uvbht,b
sdbct,t,bs thsvfytsc8 hfw itt[t,f
3v[bfhek hjvfyc47 tc uvbhb vbcufy
chekbfl ufyc[dfdt,ekbf8 abkvib uflfqt,fc v[jkjl bvbnjv lfsfy[vlf7
hjv ht;bcjhvf ktkbrj [jnbdfhvf
cs[jdf8
- ,fnjyb hfvfpb rfhufl thrdtjlf qdbyjt,ib0
- sfdblfy dth thrdtjlf8 sevwf7
fv uflfqt,bc lhjc mfh[fyfib yfvldbkfl rfhufl ufthrdbf qdbybc ntmyjkjubfib8 ,fnjy jsfhc elbltc
gfnbdc cwtvlf7 vj[b,kekb b.j bv
stvfnbrbs7 bv ghj,ktvbs7 hfw fv
abkvib lfcdf ht;bcjhvf8 [jv uf[cjds7 hect,b vfbywlfvfbyw rfhufl
fh fhbfy lf[fcbfst,ekyb8 vf[cjdc7
tc abkvb rfhuf [fyc sfhjptw b.j
itvjlt,ekb7 vjvojyc hfvfpbcf lf
ujub [fhf,f'bc uvbhbc letnb8 ujub
hfvfppt eahjcb uf[klfs7 abkvbc
uflfqt,bc itvltu f[kj vtuj,hj,f
fh ufeuh’tkt,bfs7 vfuhfv ujubc .jdtksdbc gfnbdc cwtvlf7 hjujhw rfhu gbhjdyt,fc lf ghjatcbjyfkc8
hfvfpb !))% okbc ,jkjc ufh-
[b vfhskfw vbfitytc7 vfuhfv fh dbwb7 bm cfvrthdfkj ufysfdclf se fhf8
- vcf[bj,t,c ajhvt,b vfhskfw
iterthtc0
- .dtkfathb ubjhubv vjbnfyf7
ukt[t,c bmdt7 dtyf[ib uf[flf cfve-
kinodarbazi
ifj [fkfst,b lf xdty7 vcf[bj,t,c
xfudfwdf8 hsdtkibw dbveifdts8 c[dfsfijhbc7 ukt[t,b ths lqtc hjv
araferi iyo!
sdtkjv7 hf nfy]df-odfkt,f8
- j]f[ib rbltd u.fds vcf[bj,b0
- xtvb j]f[bc otdht,b fhbfy xtvb lf
nfrkt,ib dsfvfij,lb8 cfvoe[fhjl7
lqtc f[fkufphlf vcf[bj,t,b afhsj
vfcinf,bs veifj,fc dth f[th[t,ty8
stfnhc rf[b rbltd czbhlt,f7 ufudf[fhjc f[fkb cf[tt,bs8 fhfdbsfh itvs[dtdfib fh lfkbjc fhf.b=
LFVLUVTKB HT;BCJHB5 jsfh bjctkbfyb9 CWTYFHBC FDNJHB5 fvbhfy zbzbyf’t9 JGTHFNJHB5 f,tcfkjv vfbcehf’t9
V[FNDFHB5 lbvbnhb thbcsfdb9 RJVGJPBNJHB5 yfstkf bjctkbfyb9 [VBC JGTHFNJHT,B5 ifkdf xbnb’t7 tdutyb vfcb9
VJYFOBKTJ,TY5 hfvfp ubjhuj,bfyb +ybrj‘7 ubjhub [fhf,f’t +jsfhb‘7 vfhbyf mfhwbdf’t +vfhbyt‘7 fktmcfylht jvbf’t
+vsfdfhb vtqdbyt‘7 ,ffleh oekf’t +fhxbkb‘7 styubp lfeidbkb +yjlfhb‘7 ,e[enb pfmfhbf’t +bkj‘7 frfrb rdfynfkbfyb
+lfdbsb‘7 ljlj f,fib’t +htpj‘7 jsfh pfenfidbkb +ijsf‘7 cjcj ujubxfbidbkb +,jylj‘8
ABKVBC CBE;TNB5 abkvb .ehflqt,fc vbfg.hj,c cfpjufljt,bc vfyrbth v[fhtt,c5 tujbpvc7 rfhbthbpvc7 fhfrtsbkcbylbcbtht,fc8
f[fkrehclfvsfdht,ekb jhb f[fkufphlbc vfufkbspt fdnjht,b udbxdtyt,ty se w[jdht,bc pytj,hbdb ghbywbgbc fhxtdfyc hfjlty
ufycfpqdhfdc j]f[ehb nhflbwbt,b8 vtixfyeh j]f[ib fqphlbkb jsfhb itvuet,kj,bc lf vffvt,kj,bc upfc lfflut,f7 gfnbjcfyb
j]f[bc idbkb ybrj rb gfnbjcyt,fc .dtkf cbnefwbfib byfhxeyt,c8
`giorgobisTvem~ JorJ sadulis
premia miiRo safrangeTSi
lfbwdfkf8 [jv uf[cjds bc lhj7 bc
cfibytkb gthbjlb8 .dtkfathb ueksfy f[kjc vb/mjylf7 ythdbekj,lf7 ufybwlblf8 cbc[kb xftmwf7 uekbc itntdbs ufhlfbwdfkf8 sfyfw7
cojhtl bv lhjc abkvbc uflfqt,f
/mjylf lfo.t,ekb8 vbc lfcfvsfdht,kfl sfy[t,b fqfh /.jayblf7 dbc
fqfh vbfrbs[f7 dby fqfh /gbhlt,jlf lfabyfyct,fc7 vfuhfv fvfjl8 ,jkjc tc abkvb - 3vjhtdb4 ubpj uf,tcrbhbfv lffchekf8 ths[fyc vfcpt
,flhb zj[jytkb’tw veifj,lf888 abkvb uflfbqtc lf vjojyt,fw lfbvcf[ehf8 hfvfpb $) okbc fcfrib7 ]th
rbltd f[fkufphlf ofdblf fv w[jdht,blfy8 rbltd ,tdhb hfvbc ufrtst,f itt’kj888
FVBHFY ZBZBYF"T7 cwtyfhbc fdnjhb5 - 3ubjhuj,bcsdt4 xtvb cflbgkjvj yfveitdfhbf8 bv gthbjlib7
hjltcfw tc cwtyfhb lfdotht7 rbyjcnelbfib sfyfvtlhjdt stvfnbrfpt rbyjcwtyfht,b sbsmvbc fh b.j8
fvbnjv fcghjwtynbfyb ufhfynbf
b.j bvbcf7 hjv cwtyfhc uflfqt,bcsdbc xfeidt,lyty8 hfvltybvt ht;bcjhvf ufvjsmdf cehdbkb7 fv cwtyfhbc vb[tldbs abkvb uflftqj8 vfs
ijhbc - styubp f,ekf’tv7 fctdt utyj oekfbfv lf ytkb ytyjdfv7 hjvkt,cfw erdt vbcwtc rbltw uflfcfqt,fl cwtyfhb8 thsfl dtvpflt,jlbs cfveifjc lfcfo.t,fl8 vfuhfv
bv gthbjlib vjdblf xtvsfy thkjv
f[dktlbfyb7 vs[jdf - jsfhc ezbhc7
thsb cwtyfhb lfe[ehtc7 fvbnjv ityb cwtyfhb vfc vbtwbj8 vbdtwb8 hfnjvqfw fctf7 vfhnj jsfhpt rb fhf
vfmdc cfe,fhb7 ht;bcjht,bc evhfdktcj,f7 cfyfv cwtyfhc vbcwtv7 sfdc
utdkt,f7 gfnbdc uwtvc7 itvltu rb ityufy sfdc ijhc bzthc888 xtvsdbc fv
abkvib vsfdfhb b.j uvbhb - vbcb
[fcbfsb7 sdbct,t,b8 jsfhvf rb bctsb
fmwtynt,b uffrtsf7 hjv thsb gthbjlb tc abkvb frh’fktc8 vfhsfkbf7
fv frh’fkdfv abkvpt welfl fh bvjmvtlf7 vfuhfv gbhflfl vt - cwtyfhbc
fdnjhvf7 ufwbkt,bs yfrkt,b /jyjhfhb fdbqt888 rfhub abkvb ufvjdblf7
cf[tkbw vjvbnfyf88 f[kf fv abkvc
jsfhb cfahfyutsbc c[dflfc[df ntktdbpbbs fnhbfkt,c8 rfhub bmyt,f
se ufb[ctyt,c7 hjv fv abkvc cwtyfhbc fdnjhb /.fdc888
3ubjhuj,bcsdbc4 vtjht ht;bcjhb
uf[kfds kfkb v;fdbf8 cojhtl vt
RFLHT,B ABKVBLFY
3UBJHUJ,BCSDT4
HFVFP UBJHUJ,BFYB
LF UJUB [FHF,F'T
lf kfkb lfdlbjlbs vcf[bj,t,bc
fcfhxtdfl8 ’bhbsflfl7 dt’t,lbs abkvbc vsfdfhb hjkbc itvchekt,kt,c8 jsfhb rbyjcnelbfib b.j7 bm
uflfcfqt,fl vbcek f[fkufphlt,c
fhxtdlf8 fct itfhxbf hfvfp ubjhuj,bfyb7 hjvtkbw7 c[dfsfijhbc7 xtvb
yfstcfdbw fqvjxylf8 ujub [fhf,f’t
vfiby erdt cfrvfjl wyj,bkb vcf[bj,b b.j8 fmdt eylf fqdybiyj7 sfdblfy
cwtyfhb fqothlf by;byht,bc w[jdht,fc8 vfuhfv jsfhvf h’bc rjv,byf-
npt vjbyljvf abkvbc uflfqt,f8
des[fhb7 hfqf h'bc rjv,byfnb7 cfmfhsdtkj qdbybc mdt.fyff7 vtqdbytt,pt uflfdbqjs-vtsmb8 rjyceknfwbt,bcsdbc vtqdbytj,bc bycnbnenib7
gtnhbfidbkbc mexfpt vlt,fht gbhdtk qdbybc mfh[fyfib lfdlbjlbs8
itdbcofdkts qdbybc ntmyjkjubf7 lfvpflt,bc otcb7 fctdt afkcbabrfwbf
+fctsb hfv [lt,jlf‘7 ufdbuts7 hjv7
sehvt7 %__-pt vtnb .eh’ybc ]bib fhct,ekf lf f8 i8 fv vfcfkbs itdfdcts
tc cwtyfhb8 3ubjhuj,bcsdtv4 ;jh;
cflekbc ghtvbf vbbqj cfahfyutsib7
hjujhw cfertstcj ew[jehvf abkvvf8 3ubjhuj,bcsdt4 !)^* otkc ufvjdblf8 cwtyfhb rb eahj flht lfdotht - !)^$ otkc7 vfiby #@ okbc
uf[klbs888 cfvoe[fhjl7 lqtc jsfhsfy ehsbthsj,f fhf vfmdc8 xtvb
fphbs7 cwtyfhbc fdnjhbcf lf
ht;bcjhbc ehsbthsj,f abkvbc
uflfqt,bc itvltufw eylf ufuh’tkltc8 rfhub itltub v[jkjl fcts
lfvjrblt,ekt,fc vjfmdc8
- uflfqt,t,c tcoht,jlbs0
- xtvb gbhdtkb cwtyfhbc vb[tldbs
abkvbc uflfqt,bc ghjwtcb7 hf smvf
eylf7 vfbynthtct,lf7 vfuhfv7 hjwf vbdbljlb7 vcf[bj,t,b hfnjvqfw
xevlt,jlyty7 sfdc e[th[ekfl duh’yj,lb7 fvbnjv uflfqt,fc fqfhw
lfdcoht,bdfh8 itb’kt,f thblt,jlfs888 fv abkvib vjyfobkt vcf[bj,t,c vjrbs[dfc desdkb7 qvthsvf
.dtkf ]fyvhstkfl fv.jajc8
8
SDBSV[BKDTKB
!)## otkc vjcrjdblfy s,bkbcib vjvfdfk kfdhtynb ,thbfc
afcfyfehbc vbcflujvt,sfy hflbrfkehb uflfo.dtnbkt,bc vbqt,f vje[lf7
hjvkbc itltuflfw cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upfpt nhfutlbf lfnhbfklf
2 cfcbrdlbkjl lfbzhf vfymfyfib v]ljvb vfqfkxbyjcfyb [fwrtdbxb8
cf,jkjjl .dtkfathb bvbs lfcheklf7 hjv tc itvs[dtdbsj,f ,thbfc
obyffqvltu ufy[jhwbtkt,ek nthjhbcnek fmnfl vjbyfskf8 vfc itvltu
*_ otkb ufdblf lf lqtc fv afmnbc eiefkj itvcoht fqfhfdbyff8
cfvfubthjl7 s,bkbcbc ths ’dtk e,fyib w[jdhj,c )% okbc vj[ewb 2
rjkbf vtkbmbidbkb 7 hjvtkbw fhfyfrkt, vybidytkjdfyb
vjdktyt,bc sdbsv[bkdtkbf8 ,fnjyb rjkbf ,thbfc v'qjkb uf[klfs lf
lqtc vt[cbtht,fib itvjhxtybk pjubths vjdktyfc bujyt,c8
kt,bc flubkpt7 keldbujdb lfvb’f[t,lf lf vtn.jlf7 - rjkbf7 se uwfkbf7
vjlb xtvsfyj8 fhfths[tk lfvbsdfkbtht,bf vfcsfy thsfl ufyw[flt,t,b8 [ibhfl mfhsekblfy hecekflfw vbsfhuvybf7 hflufy ,jhbcvf mfhsekb fh
bwjlf8
,thbfc cf[tkpt vjcekb ufyw[flt,t,b7 ’bhbsflfl7 ufzbhdt,ekb [fk[bc lfothbkb b.j - pjub ,byfc bs[jdlf7 pjub - wb[blfy ufvjidt,fc888
- sfdfl ,thbf se rbs[ekj,lf
vfs0
- ,thbf7 hjvw yljvt,jlf7 dth ofbrbs[fdlf7 hflufy lqtib @__-lfy #__-vlt
S,BKBCB7
MBFXTKBC MEXF
1 % *
ubdb ]jk,jhlbc
RJKBF VTKBMBIDBKB5
FV CF[KT,SFY ,THBFC .JDTK
LBKBS VFYMFYBS DFRBS[FDLB=
ajnj
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hbs lfbvcf[ehts
kfdhtynb ,thbfc ylj,f lf hjujh
uf[lbs vbcb v'qjkb0
- ,thbf vfvfxtvsfy - fktmcb vtkbmbidbksfy f[kj,kj,lf lf bwyj,lf7 hjujhw htdjkewbjythsf lfv[vfht gbhjdyt,fc8 vfvfxtvc ]th rbltd yjt ;jhlfybfc vsfdhj,bc lhjc afcfyfehib /mjylf uf[cybkb gfnfhf cfcflbkj lf cfcnevhj7 cflfw [ibhfl cnevhj,lyty
bvlhjbyltkb xbyjdybrt,b8 c[dfsfijhbc7 fv lfotct,ekt,fc thsb cfbynthtcj bcnjhbf erfdibhlt,f5 ]th rbltd
ufcf,zjt,fvlt7 hjwf afcfyfehbc nthbnjhbfpt ufykfut,ekb ]fhbc rjvtylfynb htdbf fv cfcflbkjib bv.jat,jlf7
vjdblf ltgtif7 cflfw tothf7 hjv cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upbs vjlbc ,thbfc
nfybcfvjcib uflfwvekb abkbgt vf[fhf’t7 cfcohfajl itrfhbs upt,b lf lffrfdtsj8 fv lhjc rb vfvfxtvc cfcnevhjc
ths-ths yjvthib /.fdlf lfvfkekb abkbgt vf[fhf’t8 sehvt7 hjwf fktmcbc
ltgtibc ibyffhcbcsdbc .ehb vjerhfdc7
bv jsf[bcsdbc7 cflfw abkbgt vf[fhf’t
bv.jat,jlf7 rfhflt,b lf abwht,b feafht,bf - dbsjv htvjync frtst,lf8 cfvb lqbc itvltu rb xdtyb j]f[bc f[kj,tkc7 ukf[f lfdbsehc uflfe.dfybf abkbgt cfwfkat[j upbs leitsbc hfbjyblfy ktybyujhbc hfbjyib8 lfvidblj,t,bcfc abkbgt vf[fhf’tc e,blfy jmhjc
fsvfytsbfyb fvjeqbf lf vfvfxtvbcsdbc
ufvjeupfdybf8
hflufy vfvfc sfdbcb lfotct,ekt,f cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upfpt /mjylf uf[cybkb7 bm [ibhfl vblbjlyty htdjkewbjytht,b8 fktmcbw .dtkfc bafht,lf8
vf[cjdc7 gehbc cfzvtk lfh,fpib ,fzbfc
abnekb blj7 hjvtkcfw [tkib gfnfhf
lhjif tzbhf8 ths[tkfw ,fdidehb ueke,h.dbkj,bs lhjif itdf,heyt lf
hjwf vfvfv tc itybiyf7 lfvnemcf - [tkb
fqfh f[kjj8 sehvt7 tc gfnfhf lhjif
bvbc vfeo.t,tkb .jabkf7 cfl bv.jat,jlf tcf se bc gbhjdyt,f - s,bkbcib
se dkflbrfdrfpib8 thsb cbn.dbs7 fv ufhtvjt,t,bc ufvj ,thbf lbl gfnbdc cwtvlf vfvfc8 !)#@ otkc7 hjwf ]fhblfy
f[fkb lf,heyt,ekb db.fdb7 cf[kbc oby
dbqfw rfwvf ufvfxthf lf vrbs[f7 - cfl
w[jdhj,c fktmcb vtkbmbidbkbj8 tc ewyj,b ,thbf fqvjxylf8 vfvfv ,thbf vtjht
cfhsekpt vbbgfnb;f lf fke,kbc kbmbjhb vbfhsdf8 vfs cffspt vtn[fyc bcfe,htc8 ,thbfc it[dtlhbcsfyfdt erbs[fdc
vfvfxtvbcsdbc7 - dby fhbc bc f[fkufphlf
.vfodbkb lf hfc cfmvbfyj,cj0 vfvfvfw
.dtkfathb efv,j5 f[kf[fy lf,heylf ]fhblfy7 ktbntyfynbc ojlt,f fmdc7 ghjatcbbs v’qjkbf7 vfuhfv ]th]thj,bs
fhcfl veifj,cj8 ,thbfc ofcdkbcsfyfdt
lfvb’f[f vfvfv lf vbs[hf5 cjkjkfrib7
cfkjybc udthlbs ufhf;bf8 bm vb[dfk7 fvf
lf fv udfhbc rfwc yf[fd lf veifj,fc lfufo.t,byt,cj8 sfdlfgbhdtkfl cfndbhsj vfymfyfpt lfvcdtc - itif uflvjvmjylf yfnf[nfhblfy s,bkbcib8 vfuhfv vfktdt c[dfufy uflfvb.dfytc7 ]th ,thbfc vteqkbc ybyf ututzrjhbcf lf vbcb df;bc cthueirfc v’qjkfl7 itvltu rb sfdfl ,thbfc dtvcf[eht,jlb8 eahj cojhfl7 ,thbfc v’qjkt,c - dflbfcjdcf lf lfhrjdcrbc - dwdkblb !)#$-!)#^ okt,ib8
kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxc hfvltybvt vfhrbc
vfymfyf tvcf[eht,jlf - 3ufpbrbs4
hfbjyib vbtvupfdht,jlf [jkvt7 eahj
[ibhfl rb (-wbkbylhbfyb 3rflbkfrbs4
lflbjlf8 vbc ufyrfhuekt,fib b.j
fuhtsdt ifdb athbc 3kbyrjkybw48
- dblht ,thbfc v'qjkfl
lfbo.t,lbs veifj,fc7 ufbfhts se fhf
cgtwbfkehb ufvjrdktdf0
- fhfyfbhb ufvjrdktdf fh ufvbdkbf8
fvfc dthw vfrflht,lyty7 hflufy eiefkjl ,thbfc htrjvtylfwbbs lfdbo.t veifj,f8 sevwf c[dt,c [fyuh’kbdb
lfrdbhdt,bc itvltu ybiyfdlyty cfgfce[bcvut,kj sfyfvlt,j,t,pt8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hjujh bo.t,jlf
lf vsfdhlt,jlf ,thbfcsdbc thsb xdtekt,hbdb cfveifj lqt0
- ,thbf lff[kjt,bs (8#_ cffspt lut,jlf8 xdty7 hjujhw otcb7 )8#_ cffspt
erdt cf[kbc cflfh,fpjcsfy dbltmbs lf
dtkjlt,jlbs vbc ufvjcdkfc8 !_-c hjv
[esb oesb frklf7 bub cf[kblfy ufvjlbjlf lf cfvcf[ehib vbud.fdlf8 ,thbf
cfqfvjc ^ cffsfvlt veifj,lf8 fvbc itvltu bub rhofybcbc htpbltywbfib vblbjlf7 hfsf tcflbkf lf lftcdtyf8 cflbkj,fvlt ,thbfc otcfl /mjylf ahty,ehsbc sfvfib8 bub f,cjkenehfl .dtkf
vjcfvcf[ehtc - vttpjdtc7 v’qjkc7 lfvkfut,kt,c7 veit,c7 vt,fqtt,c e.flht,lf sfdc lf vfssfy ahty,ehsc
sfvfij,lf8 jh ueylfl ufdb.jajlbs
[jkvt lf lff[kjt,bs thsb cffsbc
ufyvfdkj,fib dt]b,ht,jlbs thsvfytsc8
cflbkbc itvltu ,thbf7 xdtekt,bcfvt,h7
b’byt,lf7 lff[kjt,bs )-bc yf[tdhbcsdbc
bub rdkfd cfvcf[ehib vbud.fdlf lf qfvbc
@ cffsfvlt sfdbceakt,b db.fdbs8 bub
fv lhjvlt veifj,lf8
- utcfe,ht,jlfs se fhf kfdhtynb
,thbf vupfdhj,bc lhjc0
- vfymfybcrty xmfhb yf,b]bs ufvjtmfyt,jlf [jkvt lf iehlekbdbs ]lt,jlf
ibu8 cek lf'f,ekb b.j8 vf[cjdc7 ths[tk7 hjwf 3seseybc4 mfh[fyfc vbdef[kjdlbs +uvbhsf vjtlybc nthbnjhbfpt b.j vfiby tc mfh[fyf`7 bv at[pt7 hjvtkbw 3ufppt4 vtlj7 at[b lfvfzbhf7 hfsf
xmfhf ofdcekb.fdb8 vfymfyfv v.bcdt
vjevfnf cbxmfhtc lf rbyfqfv hfqfwfc
lfdt]f[ts8 cbvfhskt ubs[hfs7 lfdb,tyb8 ,thbf rb fv lhjc nhjnefhbcrty b[tlt,jlf7 tujyf7 hjv nthfmnbc vjo.j,fc
egbht,lyty8 vfc cek /mjylf nthfmnbc
ibib8 fct hjv7 vfymfyfib bub yfrkt,fl
cfe,hj,lf8 ths[tk ,thbfv vfymfyblfy
sdfkb vj/rhf7 hjv yf.bybc ufv.bldtkvf
vfhbkbfyb o.fkb vbfc[f zflfhc lf uf,hfpt,ekvf vbs[hf7 - it[tlt7 hfc idht,f
tc vfvf’fqkbj8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 bc yf.bybc ufv.bldtkb vtjht lqtcdt lfb,fhf
lf ufrbw[f8
- erblehtc itvs[dtdfib itut’kjs
se fhf vfymfybc ufxtht,f0
ce[jl rtltkfidbkvfw bchjkf8 vfy ,thbfc vfymfyfc dth vjfhn.f7 vfuhfv cfcbrdlbkjl lfzhf nhfycgjhnbc vbybcnhb [fwrtdbxb7 hjvtkbw cffdflv.jajib
vb.dfybcsfyfdt ufhlfbwdfkf7 sevwf jhbjlt obyflflt,bc smvf vfbyw vjfcohj dbyw udtchjkf7 fhfath iefibf lf fh
lfcf]jsj8
- itvltu hjujh ufydbsfhlf vjdktyt,b0
- tc bywbltynb vfiby ,thbfc vbvfhs
vjo.j,bk nthfmnfl vjyfsktc lf cbc[kbc cfvfhskbc cfmvt fqb’hf8 3tyrfdtlt4 ,jkjvlt fh tylj vbkbwbfc lf cfmvbc ufvjcf’bt,kfl cfufyut,jl ufvju-
S,BKBCB7
VFXF,KBC MEXF 1 !!
,THBFC )% OKBC V'QJKB B[CTYT,C888
- fhfdbsfh itvs[dtdfib8 bv vfymfyfib7
hjvtkbw ,thbfc tvcf[eht,jlf7 v’qjkbcsdbc ifhlbc ,einbc lfcfwktkfl cgtwbfkehb ikfyub fhct,j,lf - cfgbhafhtijib ufcdkbc eakt,fw rb fh udmjylf8 vf[cjdc7 hjwf gbhdtkfl vfymfyfib
ikfyub itdybiyt7 ufrdbhdt,ekvf drbs[t
dflbfcjdc7 - tc hf fhbc-vtsmb0 ikfyubc
fhct,j,bc itcf[t, ,thbfv fhfathb bwjlf8 tc xdtyb7 v’qjkt,bc cfblevkjt,f b.j8
bc rb fhf7 vfc gbhflb lfwdbc otdht,b cfhmbcjdb lf xb,ehlfyb’t - nefktnibw
rb lf/.dt,jlyty8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 ,thbfvlt7 hjujhw
f[ctyts7 vbc vteqktc7 ybyf ututzrjhcfw tvcf[eht,jlbs888
- bcbyb thsfl fhfcjltc vbyf[fdc8 vfuhfv dbwb7 hjv vfsb ehsbthsj,f vtnbcvtnfl vjrh’fkt,ekb b.j8 ths[tk
vcehlf7 ,thbfcsdbc hfqfw vts[jdf7 vfuhfv vfyfvlt ybyfc des[fhb - fvbc smvfc
dfgbht, kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxbcsdbc lf
hjujh vjdbmwt-vtsmb8 vfy vbhxbf7 hjv
kfdhtynbcsdbc fhfathb vts[jdf - fh
e.dfhc fctsb hfqfwt,bj8 ybyfw rb shsjlf vbc obyfit8 ,thbf vtnbcvtnfl vjvs[jdyb rfwb b.j8 hfw itt[t,f sfdfl ybyf ututzrjhc7 fhfxdtekt,hbdb lf cfjwhfl s,bkb mfk,fnjyb uf[klfs8 vfcsfy ehsbthsj,blfy dth buh’yj,lb7
hjv ,thbfc vteqkt b.j8 vf[cjdc7 lbcthnfwbbc lfwdbc lhjc ybyfc +cfcjakjcfvtehytj bycnbnenb lffvsfdhf‘ ybflfubc fyfkbpbc fqt,f lfczbhlf lf ve[hfyib ofdb.dfyt8 hf smvf eylf7 ve[hfybc vtehytj,bc lbhtmnjhvf ceahfcsfy vbudbgfnb;f lf qdbyjw vjudfhsdf8
hjwf thsb .kegb vjdcdb7 fqdybiyt7 ee/7 hf rfhub qdbyjf-vtsmb +vfc itvltu
bctsb qdbyj fqfh lfvbktdbf‘8 vjrktl7
fv cbn.dt,bc itvltu ybyf vjvb,heylf lf
vbs[hf - ye utibybf rjkbf7 lfkbt lf
cfztcsfy vt lfd]lt,bj888 tc fv,fdb xdty
ijhbc lfhxf8
hjwf ybyf bycnbnenblfy ufvjdbljlf lf bm fh lfd[dlt,jlb7 ecbn.djl
uftvfhst,jlf [jkvt at[bs cf[kfvlt8 ’fkbfy vjhblt,ekb mfkb b.j8
ybyf cfjwhfl uf[fht,ekb xfylf7
hjwf cjv[tsbc tgbcrjgjcvf gbhflfl vfc
ufvjeupfdyf bv lhjbcfsdbc fhfxdtekt,hbdb 3rflbkfrb47 hjvtkvfw cfhtrjhlj
cbxmfht - cffsib !$_ rbkjvtnhb
ufyfdbsfhf8 c[dfsfijhbc7 vtw fhfthsupbc dv]lfhdfh vbc cfztcsfy8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 smdty thsflthsb
gbhjdyt,f ,h’fylt,bs7 hjvtkcfw ite’kbf afhlf f[fljc *_ okbc oby afcfyfehbc vbcflujvt,sfy lfnhbfkt,ek nhfutlbfc8 hf vj[lf !)## otkc
cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upfpt0
- !)## otkc7 vjcrjdib ufvfhsekb
.hbkj,bc itvltu +pecnfl dth db[ctyt,7
hjvtkb .hbkj,f b.j‘7 cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upbs ,heylt,jlyty ,thbf7 cjakbc vtehytj,bc vbybcnhb vfsbrfidbkb lf nhfycgjhnbc vbybcnhb - [fwrtdbxb +vjv[lfhbc ufyc[dfdt,ek dthcbfc
udsfdfpj,c cthuj ,thbf obuyib
3vfvfxtvb - kfdhtynb ,thbf48 b[8
ufptsb 3hfj-hfj04 1 #7 @__# okbc
@_-@^ bfydfhb8 htl`8 bcbyb jhb vfymfybs vjlbjlyty8 vfiby ,thbfc vfymfyfc
rjcnbf dflbfcjdb vfhsfdlf8 vjrktl7 afcfyfehsfy f[kjc vfs it[dlfs cfvb rfwb - rtltkfidbkb7 mfdsfhf’t lf ,fuhfnf +udfhb fqfh vf[cjdc‘7 bcbyb mjhobkblfy vjlbjlyty lf itpfh[jit,ekyb
b.dyty8 ths-ths vfsufyc - rtltkfidbkc7
mehserbc ptvjs7 rbcthsfy7 rjylf[b exfylf8 tc ,thbfv itybiyf lf rjcnbf dflbfcjdc e,h'fyf7 - vfymfyf lff]f[tj8 rjcnbfvfw rtltkfidbkc vfymfybc udthlb uf/
rhf lf upblfy uflffulj8 bmdt ufdfhlf
vfsbrfidbkbc vfepthblfy n.dbfw8 cfgf-
pfdyf vjcrjdblfy vbif ce]fidbkb8 # rfwblfy jhb vfibydt lfbzbhtc8 rtltkfidbkb rb v[jkjl # sdbc itvltu bgjdtc8 lfzhbkc vstkb lqt at[bs tdkj
lf vfqfkvsbfy cjatkib lfvfkekb.j8
thsb cbn.dbs7 cfvbdtyb uffcfvfhsktc
lf uflffcf[ktc8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 vbif
mfdsfhf’t # okbc itvltu lf,heylf cfmfhsdtkjib8 rtltkfidbkb lf ,fuhfnf rb
vfc itvltu fqfhfdbc eyf[fdc8 hjujhw
xfyc7 bcbyb 3rjywkfuthib4 ufupfdytc7 cflfw vfktdt ufhlfbwdfkyty8 c[dfsfijhbc7 fv cfvb gbhjdyt,bc lfgfnbvht,fvlt
^_ rfwb lffrfdtc tzdvbnfybkbc cnfnecbs8
- fye vjv[lfh bywbltync nthfmnsfy
fhfdbsfhb rfdibhb fh /mjylf0
- fv fv,blfy fhwse bct lblb [ybc itvltu7 hjwf ufhf;ib vbdtlb7 rjktut,b vjvdfhlyty - rjkbfc twjlbyt,f cbvfhskt
[fwrtdbxbc cbrdlbksfy lfrfdibht,bsj8
vfiby pecnfl tc cbn.dt,b dsmdb5 3fhf
vujybf7 tc nthfmnb .jabkb.j7 e,hfkj itvs[dtdbsj,f b.j-vtsmb48 fvbc smvblfy hfvltybvt oesib 3ufhf;bc4 gfhnjhufybpfwbbc vlbdfyvf lfvb,fhf lf vbs[hf - hfc idht,b7 rjkbf7 sfdc bqegfd7
fhcfl fhfathb ofvjuwltcj8 tc b.j lf
tc8 vfc itvltu gbhdtkfl smdty ub.dt,bs
fv bcnjhbfc lf lqtcfw bvfdtc dbvtjht,
- tc nthfmnb fh .jabkf=
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hfnjv lf[dhbntc
fubnfwbf-ghjgfufylbc ufy.jabkt,bc
eahjcb thbrf ,tlbf0 hf vj[lf cbyfvldbktib0
- #_-bfyb okt,bc lfcfo.bcib cnfkbybc ,h’fyt,bc cfae’dtkpt uflfo.lf7
hjv lfothbkb.j obuyb7 cflfw htdjkewbjythsf w[jdht,f bmyt,jlf fqothbkb8 obuybc lfothf eiefkjl lftdfkf 3bvtkbc4 lbhtmnjhc thbrf ,tlbfc
+vfiby fv sfyfvlt,j,fpt veifj,lf‘7 hjvtkcfw sfdbc v[hbd t[vfht,jlf fvfdt
bycnbnenbc sfyfvihjvtkb ,jhbc
keldbujdb8 ,jhbcb gbhflfl lflbjlf hfbjyt,ib lf fuhjdt,lf vfcfkt,c8
ths-thsb fctsb vjupfehj,bc lhjc
vtw df[klb ,fmjib8 vf[cjdc7 hjwf ,jhbcvf dbqfw veifc lfecdf itrbs[df hfvltyb ,fmjtkb rjvbcfhb lf[dhbntcj7 vfy egfce[f7 - @* rjvbcfhb lfbzbhtc7 vfuhfv lf[dhtnbs @^ lf[dhbntc7
vbmjbfyb rb7 hjvtkvfw lfyfhxtyt,b 3xfeidf47 fvbs uflfehxf cbrdlbkcj8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 xdtyb xfvjcdkbcsfyfdt
oferbs[fdc ,thbfc tc vfcfkt,b7 ufycfresht,bs bc tgbpjlt,b7 cflfw vbmjbfypt tothf7 hbc itvltufw obuyib fqfh
itenfybfs bc flubkb7 cflfw jwlfvtidblt rjvbchbc itcf[t, b.j cfe,fhb8
sevwf fvbs fh lfvsfdht,ekf .dtkfathb - hjwf ,thbfv obuybc cf,jkjj
dfhbfynb ofbrbs[f7 vfy bmdt es[hf ,tlbfc7 - obuyib v[jkjl thsb itwljvff
- thbrf ,tlbfc yfwdkfl fdnjhfl kfdhtynb ,thbf eylf tothjcj8 fv fv,blfy
hfvltybvt lqbc itvltu7 hjwf ,tlbfc
v’qjkb7 rjcnf cfv[fhf’t dyf[t +bc xtvb
eahjcb vtuj,fhb lf rjktuf b.j‘7 lfqjyt,ekb vtxdtyf8 drbs[t rbltw7 ’bf rjcnf7 hfnjv [fhs eueyt,jl-vtsmb0 vfy
uekf[lbkfl ufvbv[bkf7 - 3[fptbyc4 vtcfvt lqtf fh lfehtrfdc lf fh dbwb7 hf
czbhcj8 thsb cbn.dbs7 tc obuyb ,thbfc [tkvjothbs ufvjdblf7 cek vfkt rb
thbrf ,tlbf lffgfnbvhtc lf lf[dhbntc8
- hf ,tlb tobf ,jhbc keldbujdc0
- vfc fhfdby it[t,bf8 ,jhbcc f[kj ehsbthsj,f /mjylf ,thbfcsfy - +,thbfc
s,bkbcib vjqdfotj,bc erfyfcrytk
okt,ib‘ vbc vlbdyfl veifj,lf lf
kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxbc cf[tkpt vbqt,ekb othbkt,bc htubcnhfwbf - ufy[bkdf
tdfkt,jlf8 vf[cjdc7 cfqfvjj,bs7 hjwf ,thbfc vbdb.dfylb [jkvt lfybiye-
ufyw[flt,f itvjlbjlf8 vbc yfwdkfl othbkt,c keldbujdb b[bkfdlf8 ,thbfc
v[jkjl 3ufycfresht,ek4 ufyw[flt,t,c erbs[fdlf htathtynb8
- cnfkbybcf lf ,thbfc ehsbthsj,blfy hfc ufb[ctyt,lbs0
- ,thbf .jdtksdbc bvfc frtst,lf7
hfw cnfkbyc cbfvjdyt,lf8 vfc lblb ybzb /mjylf flfvbfyt,sfy lff[kjt,bcf
lf vfsb uekbc vjut,bc8 yt,bcvbthb cbnefwbblfy ufvj’dht,jlf lf vbcsdbc
cfcehdtk itltuc vbfqotdlf8 cnfkbybc
lf ,thbfc ehsbthsj,fw 3dbujlfpt4
b.j lfae’yt,ekb - bwjlf7 hjujh tcbfvjdyt,byf ,tkflbcsdbc8 ,thbf7 .jdtkb cfveifj lqbc ,jkjc7 3dtxtsb4 erfdibhlt,jlf [jkvt cnfkbyc lf
fwyj,t,lf7 hf vj[lf vbc ufyrfhuekt,fib v.ja cfv htcge,kbrfib +,thbf vfiby cfvb htcge,kbrbc - cfmfhsdtkjc7
cjv[tsbcf lf fpth,fb]fybc wtrfc vlbdfyb uf[klfs‘8 bub cf[kib v[jkjl vfc
itvltu vblbjlf7 hjwf ,jhbc keldbujdb 3dtxtsb4 lferfdibhlt,jlf rhtvkc
lf lfflutylf7 cnfkbyb b.j se fhf ofcekb8 hjwf cnfkbyb rhtvkc lfnjdt,lf7 s,bkbcb wjw[klt,jlf7 hflufy
cfvcf[ehblfy ,thbfw vblbjlf lf c[df
xbyjdybrt,b - ghjrehjht,b7 fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtt,b7 wtrfc vlbdyt,b se
c[df sfyfvlt,j,bc gbht,b vfyfv dth ufflufvlyty at[c7 dblht ,thbf sfdbc rf,bytnib b.j8
,thbf lbl .ehflqt,fc fmwtdlf cnfkbybc ltlfc - rtrtc8 vbcsdbc cgtwbfkehfl b.j ufvj.jabkb vfymfyf888 vf[cjdc7
!)#^ otkc7 hjwf cnfkbyb s,bkbcib7
,thbfc +rhofybcbc‘ htpbltywbfib bv.jat,jlf7 vt ufdb.dfyt rtrt idbkc cfyf[fdfl8 lff[kjt,bs cffsyf[tdfhb uffnfhtc
thsfl8 vtht rb bctd erfy ofdb.dfyt8
,thbfc lfdfkt,bs7 ujhbc vf[kj,kfl7 ths-ths cjatkib cfufyut,jl
stcfdlyty 3keh] gehc4 lf cnfkbyc
eupfdyblyty +cnfkbyc ’fkbfy e.dfhlf
3keh]b gehb4‘8 hjwf afcfyfehbc thsthsb htcnjhybc lbhtmnjhb db.fdb7
ief pfvsfhib lfdfkt,f vbdbqt7 hjv cnfkbybcsdbc f[fklfzthbkb rfkvf[t,b ufudtupfdyf8 vfibydt vjdf[lbyt vtstdptt,bc
vj,bkbpt,f lf .bydfib cfufyut,jl lfdbzbhts cnfkbybcsdbc !_ rbkjuhfvb
stdpb8
- b.j se fhf ,thbf uehvfyb0
- ufycfresht,ekfl vjcojylf se
fhf hjvtkbvt rth’b7 dth utn.dbs7 vfuhfv ’fkbfy e.dfhlf cfzvtksfy vodfyt
obofrbc vbnfyt,f7 sfy thsc rb fhf7 hfvltybvtc thsfl zfvlf8 fct hjv7 ,thbfc
cf[kbc afy]ht,pt pfvsfh-pfa[ek obofrt,b /.dfjlf mjsyt,ib8 vfc hufdlf lf
edkblf kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxbc vteqkt
ybyf8 cfbynthtcjf7 rbltd thsb ltnfkb8 hjwf ,thbfc cthbjpekb it[dtlhf
fy ufvjcdkf /mjylf7 bub vpfhtekc cfufyut,jl foehbyt,lf kbvjyc lf bv
lqtc kbvybc odtybc ufhlf7 gbhib
fhfathc brfht,lf8
- lfktdf se e.dfhlf0
- ,thbf fh cdfvlf lf sfdbc [tkmdtbst,cfw erh’fkfdlf fkrj/jkbc vbqt,fc8 vf[cjdc7 ths lqtc vbcvf vlbdfyvf7
vfvbf xfkfufyb’tv ktybybc vjtlfypt7
fasbfmsfy ufvfxtht,byf vfymfyf lf +se
fh dwlt,b` ofvfkb 3cty-ctyb4 b.blf8
hjv drbs[t hfnjv b.blts ofvfkb7 uekb
[jv fh ufmds welfl-vtsmb7 uftqbvf lf
vbs[hf - qdbyj vfmdc lfktekb lf tc
ofvfkb ceybc lfcfrfhufl db.blt7 ,thbfv hjv ufbujc yfcdfvb dfh7 ifd lqtc
lfvf.hbcj8
- hjujh phlblf kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxb sfdbc idbkc0
- ,thbf7 hjujhw .dtkfc vbvfhs7 cthueirfcflvbw vtnbcvtnfl vjvs[jdyb
b.j8 vfc vfcofdkt,tksf vstkb ]ueab
t[dbf sfdc8 lf/.fdlfs rhbdptw8 cthueirfc cfufyut,jl fsdfkbtht,byt,lyty
[jkvt bv ityj,t,c7 hjvtkcfw ,thbf fityt,lf+3bvtkb47 aeybrekbjhbc htrjycnhemwbf lf c[df`8 vbcsdbc cgtwbfkehb
lfwdf b.j ufvj.jabkb - ufhlf bvbcf7
hjv cthueirfc efvhfdb vjcfvcf[eht tdkt,jlf sfdc7 v[fh,tzbfyb vjzblfdt - rjkbf @$ cffsbc ufyvfdkj,fib vbc udthlbs b.j8
ths[tk ufuhfib .jaybc lhjc7 ieflqtpt7 hjwf .dtkfc t’byf +vrdlfhb cffsb b.j‘7 bmdt f[kjc vlt,fht gfnfhf htcnjhfyib ofdtlb ufcfhsj,fl8 xtvc ufjwt,fc cfpqdfhb fh /mjylf7 hjwf cf[kib lf,heyt,bcfc7 vjekjlytkfl upfpt cthueirf lfdbyf[t7 hjvtkbw chekbfl vfhnj vblbjlf +!% okbc b.j‘8
hjwf vfymfyf ufdfxtht lf vfcsfy vbdtlb7
vbs[hf7 - rjkbf7 lfdbqfkt7 fqfh itvb’kbf7 .tkib fvjvbdblf tc vfcofdkt,kt,b lf zrebc cofdkt,f7 sfdbceakfl fvjceysmdf vbylfj +c[dfsfijhbc7 ’fkbfy
de.dfhlb‘8 cthueirf7 s[jdybc vbe[tlfdfl7 fh ofvjv.df cf[kib8 c[df upf hjv
fh b.j7 bctd bv htcnjhfyib ofdtlbs7
cflfw thsb ,jskb qdbyj lf cfzvtkb
fdbqts8 fhflf7 ’fkbfy dythdbekj,lb7
dbwjlb7 hfw vj/.dt,jlf fvfc8 fvfcj,fib hfvltybvt cffsb ufdblf lf cfrfdibhj ’t,yf ufvjw[fllf cthueirfpt - vsfdfhb gjkbnbrehb cfvvfhsdtkjc 3f[hfybc4 eahjcbc7 vbxehbybc ,h’fyt,bs7
cfmfhsdtkjc cfvfhsfklfvwfdb jhufyjt,b at[pt lfluyty - uflfbrtnf upt,b8 fvfc tvfnt,jlf bcbw7 hjv hfvltybvt
lqbs flht7 vbxehbyvf lfudb,fhf lf ufudfwyj byajhvfwbf7 hjv cthueirfc sfdb hfvltybvt fsfc sehmek kbhfl b.j
itafct,ekb8 bc7 dbyw cthueirfc sfdc
sehmtsbc lfpdthdfc uflfcwtvlf7 fv aekc ]bkljl vbbqt,lf8 vjrktl7 rfhuf
[ybc itvltu7 hjwf cf[kib ofvjdtlbs7
cthueirfc des[fhb - fv cfmwbtkc fhfdby vfgfnbt,c7 lfvc]bfy7 hflufy fvltyb
[ybc ufyvfdkj,fib vfs fhfathb itdfn.j,byt-vtsmb8 vf[cjdc7 cthueirfv sdfkt,ib itvjv[tlf lf vbs[hf7 - ye utibybf7 rjkbf7 fh lfuc]bfy7 vt ufdfahs[bkt, .dtkfc7 hjv ptlvtnb fhfathb ufrflhjyj8 vfhskfw7 xtvsdbc fhfdbc fhfathb esmdfvc7 gbhbmbs - bv lqtt,ib
cf[cfmrjvvf ,byf ufvjvb.j7 hjujhw ofhxbyt,ek veifrc8
- fv,j,ty7 ,thbfv wtbkjybc xfbc
ythut,b vjbgfhf lf lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjib uffityt,byfj7 vfhsfkbf0
- gbhflfl dfh fv afmnbc itvcoht8 sfdfl ofvjdb.dfyt hrbybupbc cfluehblfy
tdhjgek rjcnbevib ufvjo.j,bkb jhb
rfwb7 hjvtksfw ) epfhvfpfhb xtvjlfyb vj/mjylfs8 bcbyb ]th cfv[fhtj rjvbntnib vbdb.dfyt7 cflfw xtvjlyt,b lffkfutc7 itvltu rb ,thbfc it[dlyty8 fv
it[dtlhblfy vtjht lqtc ,thbfv lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc f,cjkenehfl .dtkf cjakbc vtehytj,bc lbhtmnjhb ufvjb’f[f lf cbbc vb[tldbs uflfcwf vfs
cfrvfj hfjltyj,bc wtbkjybc xfbc ythut,b8 c[dfsfijhbc7 ythut,bc uflfwtvbc itvltu .dtkfyb bmdt uffahs[bkf thsb ’bhbw hjv uf[vtc7 sfdc ufub[vj,sj8 hjujhw vfiby vbs[htc7 ,thbfc wtbkjyblfy vjegfhfdc fcj,bs xfbc ythub8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 smdtysdbc wyj,bkbf bv flfvbfyt,bc dbyfj,f7 hjvkt,bw
eiefkjl [dhtnlyty [fk[c0
- vfc itvltu7 hfw vjhjpjdbc vtsfehj,bs 3ufycfresht,ekb cfvtekb4
ufyfxtyc ufvjenfylf fvf se bv flfvbfyc +vfiby7 ’bhbsflfl7 cfvtekc ufvj/mjylf uflfo.dtnbkt,f7 hjvkbc itwdkf
cfcfvfhskjcfw rb fh itt’kj‘7 bc ifiehrbybc [tkib [dlt,jlf8 cfcbrdlbkjl ufyobhekb flfvbfyt,b s,bkbcbc
vf[kj,kfl vlt,fht cjqfykeqbc nthbnjhbfpt vb/.fdlfs7 cflfw vfs ifiehrbyb [dhtnlf888 vjhbutj,bc lhjc7 gbhflfl vt7 hfvlty]thvt ofvb.dfybf ifiehrbyb sfdbcb cf[kblfy cf[cfmrjvib8
bub kjsb b.j - cek uf,het,ekb lflbjlf8 lf[dhtnbc ghjwtlehbc itchekt,bc oby cfufyut,jl fcvtdlyty fhf.c8
fuhtsdt7 xdtdfl /mjylf rfhfmbfyb gehbc
zfvf8 fhfclhjc lfdcoht,bdfh lf[dhtnbc cwtyfc7 vfuhfv7 hjujhw sdbsv[bkdtkt,vf vbs[htc7 bub fv ghjwtlehbc
oby evrkfdt,j7 ifdb athbc vjcfc[fvc
bwvtdlf7 hjvtkptlfw [ibhfl ti[tat,jlf flfvbfybc cbc[kb lf ndbyb8 ifiehrbyc [ibhfl t[vfht,jlf cjvt[b vtstdpt - ,eqlfyf8 fv cfmvtib fmnbehfl
vjyfobktj,lf vjzblfdt vtrjrbidbkb8
hjwf rfvthblfy gfnbvfhbc ufvj.dfyf e’ytklt,jlfs7 vtrjrbidbkc iteidt,lyty
[jkvt lf hjujhw ryenb7 bct ufvj/.fdlf8 !)#* otkc7 hjwf ths qfvtib ^__
rfwc [dhtnlyty7 js[ ,jhrbklflt,ek
gfnbvfhc thsfl cdfvlyty itvfqkt,ek
flubkfc lf bct ecojhlt,jlyty8 pju]th hfvltybvt itbfhfqt,ekb ]fkfsb
thslhjekfl lfeitylf [jkvt fdnjvfnbc ]thc fsj,bs flfvbfyc8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 bmdt7 f[kjc7 velvbdfl s[hblyty ,ekljpthbs jhvjc7 cflfw
[ibhfl yf[tdhfl wjw[fk gfnbvht,c
.hblyty8 hjujhw vbs[htc7 ,tdh
vfsufyc7 ibibc ybflfupt afqfhfsb tvfhst,jlf7 hbc ufvjw cfibytkb ceyb
bluf8 vfuhfv cbrdlbkbc oby vfsb evhfdktcj,f f[th[t,lf uekbc vjj[t,fc lf [vfvfqkf fubyt,lf cnfkbycf lf ,thbfc8
- hf vj[lf !)#% otkc jgthbc stfnhib7 .hbkj,bc itvltu0
-!)#% otkc jgthbc stfnhib ufvfhsek ths-ths htcge,kbrehb vybidytkj,bc .hbkj,fpt +pecnfl fh vf[cjdc
hjvtkb .hbkj,f b.j‘7 hjvtkcfw tcoht,jlyty ,thbf7 hfbrjvbc vlbdyt,b7 fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtt,b lf c[df xbyjdybrt,b7 vj[lf fatsmt,f8 fcfatsmt,tkb
ybdsbtht,f ceakbjhbc flubkpt b.j
lfvjynf;t,ekb lf ufsdfkbcobyt,ekb
b.j ghtpblbevbc otdht,bcfsdbc8 vfuhfv7
hjujhw xfyc7 nthfmnbc jhufybpfnjht,vf7 ,jkjvlt dth ufsdfktc .dtkfathb7 hflufy vbcb fatsmt,f cojhtl vfiby vj[lf7 hjwf ghtpblbevbc otdht,b
erdt ufhts b.dyty ufvjcekyb8 jhbjlt
oesbs flht hjv fatsmt,ekb.j7 ,thbf flubkptdt lfbqegt,jlf8 vf[cjdc7
hjwf fatsmt,bc [vf ufbcvf7 kfdhtynb
gfdkjdbxb dflbfcjdbc vfymfyfcsfy bluf
lf bvofvcdt lfnjdf nthbnjhbf8 cf[tpt
it[tldfw dth vjdfcofhb7 sevwf ufycfresht,ekc vfbyw dthfathc lfdbyf[fdlb7 hflufy erdt cfrvfjl ,ytkjlf8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 vjudbfyt,bs ,thbfv tc
cfmvt ufvjb’bf lf lfcf]f rbltw nthfmnbc vjvo.j,yb8 sevwf vfsb dbyfj,f7
xtvsdbc ewyj,bf8 cfthsjl7 3f[hfyfc4
,thbf .jdtksdbc cfblevkj itcfcdktkbs it/.fdlf ityj,fib8
- cf[kblfy cfvcf[ehfvltw thsb lf
bvfdt upbs lfu.fdlfs0
- ’bhbsflfl7 thsb lf bvfdt upbs lfdlbjlbs7 hflufy bv nhfcfpt7 hjvkbsfw
,thbf lfud.fdlf7 lfwdf b.j xf.tyt,ekb
- ,thbfc cf[kbc cflfh,fpjvlt bfhfqfc[vekb [fk[b bluf lf udbwfdlf8 sevwf
b.j ufvjyfrkbcb itvs[dtdt,bw8 vfufkbsfl7 !)#^ otkc7 hjwf cnfkbyb vfnfht,kbs xfvjdblf s,bkbcib7 vt lf dflbfcjdvf ,h’fyt,f vbdbqts7 hjv vbvfhsekt,f itudtwdfkf lf vnrdhbc cfyfgbhjsb ofdcekb.fdbs8 cnfkbybc lfcf[dtlhfl cfluehpt bvlty [fk[c vjt.fhf
sfdb7 hjv ite’kt,tkb b.j bm ufdkf8
- bwjlf se fhf ,thbfv vfymfyfib ,h’fyt,t,bc ufwtvf0
- bidbfsfl8 pju]th vfymfybc ufxtht,fc se vs[jdlf8 vf[cjdc7 ths lqtc vt
lf dflbfcjdvf7 ,thbf vityt,tk by;byht,sfy lf fhmbntmnjht,sfy thsfl7 jhb
vfymfybs ofdb.dfyts hbofpt8 kfdhtynb
gfdkjdbxb hbobc n,fcsfy f[kjc7 cnfkbybc gfnbdcfwtvfl7 cf[kc fityt,lf8 vt
lf dflbfcjdb n,fcsfy ufdxthlbs7 lfyfhxtyt,vf rb rfnthbs uflfkf[tc n,f lf
vityt,kj,bc flubkpt cffspt vtn [fyc
bcfe,htc +cf[kbc bhudkbd7 @-# rbkjvtnhbc hflbecib rfwb fh zfzfyt,lf‘
erfy lf,heyt,bcfc7 n.tcsfy f[kjc ,thbfv vfymfybc ufxtht,f vs[jdf8 vtht sfdbcsfy vb[vj7 - thsb rfhub +,pbc‘ [bc
vjhb itfhxbt lf ofvjbqt7 fvbs lblb fhfathb lfifdlt,fj8 sfy tqbvt,jlf8 vtw7
hf smvf eylf7 lff[kjt,bs thsb vtnhbc
cbuh’bc [bc vjhb vfymfyfib xfdlt lf s,bkbcib xfvjnfybc itvltu7 hjujhw yf,h’fyt,b vmjylf7 rbhjdbc cf[tkj,bc mfh[fyfib vbdbnfyt8 jhb lqbc itvltu bv
vjhblfy cfvb hjlbyb ufvjxfh[tc +sfdbcb cfyf.t,bs‘8 hfvltyflfw xtvsdbc fhbc
wyj,bkb7 thsb vjcrjdib ofbqtc7 vtjht vfxf,kbc mexfpt vlt,fht cf[kib vbenfytc7 [jkj vtcfvtc hf e.dtc7 fh dbwb8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hjujhb lfvjrblt,ekt,f /mjylf kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxc cgjhnbc vbvfhs0 bpblfdlf se
fhf vfc tc cathj0
- ,thbfc7 itb’kt,f bsmdfc7 ’fkbfy e.dfhlf cgjhnb7 ufycfresht,bs at[,ehsb lf vrkfdzblb8 hjwf vfc abpbrehfl ’kbthb cnevfhb todtjlf fy cgjhnekb fqyfuj,bc flfvbfyc vj/rhfdlf
sdfkc7 sfdbc rf,bytnib it/.fdlf lf [tkbc uflfotdfib t]b,ht,jlf8 bv itvs[dtdfib7 se vfc [tkc uflfeotdlyty7 sfdbc
ths-ths v'qjkc uhbif ifabhjdc t’f[lf7 hjvtkbw abpbrehfl cfrvfjl ’kbthb b.j lf vfc uflffotdbyt,lf
vtnjmbcsdbc [tkc - vfyfv fh ufeidt,lf
sfdbc vtnjmtc7 dblht cf,jkjjl fh lffvfhw[t,lf8
- lfvfhw[t,bc itvs[dtdfib fh ,hfplt,jlf0
- cgjhnekb it]b,ht,bc lhjc ,thbfv uf,hfpt,f fh bwjlf7 cfrvfjl qbhctekfl tg.hj,jlf vtnjmtc8 cfbynthtcjf7
vbcb at[,ehsbcflvb lfvjrblt,ekt,fw8
hjltcfw kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxvf lfbyf[f7 hjv 3lbyfvjc4 cnflbjyb cbdbohjdbc ufvj [fk[c dth bntdlf7 cfufyut,jl
ufcwf ufyrfhuekt,f vbcb ufafhsjt,bc
itcf[t,8 vf[cjdc7 hjwf mfhsdtkt,b vfcgby’kj,lyty ,fcrt,c7 vfnxpt lfcfcoht,fl ,thbfv cfv[fhtj rjvbntnib7 lfvkfut,kblfy lfo.t,ekb7 vfqfkxbyjcyt,bs
lfvsfdht,ekb7 .dtkfc lfehbuf ,bktsb8 bv vfnxpt vtw db.fdb8 vfiby ,fcrt,vf
fhfxdtekt,hbdfl bsfvfitc7 ,ehspt at[b fh vbfrfht,bytc mfhsdtkt,c8 vbe[tlfdfl bvbcf7 hjv ,thbf mfhsekb at[,ehsbc lblb mjvfub b.j7 qbhctekfl
itfafcf vjobyffqvltubc sfvfib lf fqybiyf rbltw7 ,fcrt,vf lfvcf[eht,ekfl
vjudbutcj8
- hfvltyfl hsekb b.j ,thbfc vvfhsdtkj,bc gthbjlib fvf se bv jhufyjib veifj,bc lfo.t,f0
- kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxc thsb fctsb
sdbct,f /mjylf - se flfvbfyb vjedbljlf sdfkib7 vtjht lqtcdt lfb,fht,lf sfdbcsfy lf cfrvfjl cfgfce[bcvut,kj sfyfvlt,j,fpt ybiyfdlf8 vf[cjdc7 .dtkf ufrdbhdt,ekb lfhxf7 hjwf vityt,fht j,btmnbc lfcfsdfkbtht,kfl vbcekvf7 sdfkb vjrhf ths-ths veifc - ;jhf ubjhuj,bfyc7 hjvtkbw fueht,c pehubs tpblt,jlf vtcfvt cfhsekpt8 ,thbf vfc hfvltybvt oesc tcfe,hf7 vtjht lqtc rb
sfdbcsfy lfb,fhf lf fvbthrfdrfcbbc cfv[fhtj rjvbntnbc rjvrfdibhbc vlbdyfl
lfybiyf8 ;jhfv fhfxdtekt,hbdfl uffhsdf sfdb fv gjcnc8 se fh dwlt,b7 vfc
sfdbc lhjpt evfqktcb ufyfskt,f /mjylf vbqt,ekb lf veifl trjyjvbrehb
ufzbhdt,bc ufvj veifj,lf8 fctdt itvs[dtdbs fqvjxylf thsb e,hfkj vtvodfybkt cfgfce[bcvut,kj sfyfvlt,j,fpt7 hjvtkbw ,thbfv chekbfl vjekjlytkfl
cfo.j,bc vjvvfhfut,kfl lfybiyf8 gbhflfl vfc tdfkt,jlf ghjlemnt,bc .bldf
lf vbnfyf cfo.j,ib7 cfblfyfw itvltu bv
ghjlemnt,bc ufhrdtekb yfobkb cnfkbycf lf ,thbfc tupfdyt,jlfs8 c[dfsfijhbc7 hjwf cnfkbyb vjcrjdib cfpqdfhufhtsblfy xfvjcek cnevht,c
bqt,lf7 .jdtksdbc mfhsekb rth’t,bs
evfcgby’klt,jlf8 mfhsek rth’t,c rb
cfufyut,jl fvpflt,lf ,thbfc vpfhtekb
fktmcfylht hsdtkf’t8
- efvhfdb vbsb lflbc ,thbfc
vtmfksfytj,bc itcf[t,7 vfhsfkf fctsb ufycfresht,ekb cb.dfhekb /mjylf kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxc cecnb cmtcbc vbvfhs0
- xdty7 ,thbfc v'qjkt,c7 kfdhtynb
gfdkjdbxb ew[j vfylbkjcyt,sfy hfvt
ufycfresht,ek ehsbthsj,fib fh itudbybiyfdc8 thsb itvs[dtdfw hjv .jabkb.j fctsb7 fewbkt,kfl xfvjdfhlt,jlf xdtyc ohtib cfe,fhb8 .jdtk itvs[dtdfib7 fh itvb’kbf bvbc smvf7 hjv
s,bkbcib vjqdfotj,bc gthbjlib ,thbf
mfk,fnjyt,bc vbvfhs ufycfresht,ek
.ehflqt,fc bxtylf8
- ufycfresht,ekb xfwvbc cnbkb
se /mjylf ,thbfc0
- ,thbfc7 ’bhbsflfl7 ahtyxb twdf7 vfiby vjlfib b.j8 kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxb
pfa[ekj,bs7 cfthsjl7 fh bwdfvlf rjcnbevc7 fuhtsdt fhfclhjc vbyf[fdc vbc
rbcthpt /fkcne[b8 cnfkbybcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 ,thbf cbufhtnc fh totjlf8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hjujhb htfmwbf /
mjylf [fk[c ,thbfc ufhlfwdfkt,bc
itcf[t, hjv itbn.dtc0
- ,thbfc cbrdlbkc7 cnfkbybcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 lblb htfubht,f fh vj/
.jkbf8 ,tdhc7 ufe[fhlf rbltw8
- gbhflfl smdty0
- ,thbfc cbrdlbkb ghtcbc cfiefkt,bs itdbn.dt8 cbvfhskt ubs[hfs7 uekb lfvo.lf7 hflufy vfcib efvhfd efh.jabs sdbct,t,sfy thsfl7 lflt,bsbw
,tdhb lfdbyf[t8
tcfe,hf
yfnj ajw[bidbkb
9
vicinoT, erTad vicinoT
eqimo, – mimarTavs mamakaci eqims,
– cud dReSi var, ar vici ra
wyalSi Cavarde.
– ra gawuxebT?
– me araferi, colze mogaxsnebT,
mival saxlSi, viRac kacTan wevs,
mival meore dRes, axla sxva kacTanaa.
– mere, Sen rogor iqcevi?
– me meubneba, gadi meore oTaxSi
da validoli dalie, damSviddebio da mec ase viqcevi.
– ... da CemTan raRa ginda?
– amdeni validoli kuWze ar
mawyens?
* * *
- dediko, yvela meubneba Zalian
dabneuli xaro.
- biWi, dedaSeni gverdze sadarbazoSi cxovrobs.
* * *
kaci trabaxobs Tavis megobarTan:
- warmoidgine, guSin rogori
mamaci saqcieli Cavidine?! Sevedi
ufrosis kabinetSi da muSti davartyi magidaze!
- mere ra moxda?
- kibeebidan ufrosis fexis xma
Semomesma da movkurcxle oTaxidan...
* * *
- dRes moxucTa TavSesafridan
iyvnen mosulebi. - eubneba qmari
cols.
- momikvdes Tavi, araferi gaatane?
- rogor ara, rac yvelaze mZime
Semxvda, is gavatane.
- yoCaR! ra iyo mainc ase mZime?
- dedaSeni...
* * *
guruli mivida stumrad, magram
saxlSi aravin daxvda. gurulma
dautova werili: viyai... ar iyai..
sa iyai!!!
* * *
svanma Zilis win kedlis saaTi
gaaCera: `Rame mainc tyuilad unda
imuSavoso"...
* * *
loTebi midian liandagze: - va,
ra maRali kibea? - va, ra dabali
moajiri aqvs? - eg araferi, biWebo,
naxeT lifti modis...
* * *
mixo midis ucxoeTSi sacxovreblad. mebaJe ekiTxeba: – ukacravad, rame Zvirfaseuloba xom ara
gaqvT Tan? – SeiZleba 98 kilogrami oqro Tan waviRo? – SeekiTxa
mixo. – ra Tqma unda ara! – pasuxobs mebaJe. mixo miubrunda da
Tavis cols eubneba: – maro, Cemo
oqro, am kargma kacma Tqva, rom Sen
aqa rCebio!
* * *
sami moxuci qali saubrobs: ukve 74 wlisa var da erTi kbilic ar maklia. - me ki 70-s vasruleb da Tma ar gamWaRaravebia. Tqven ra? me ukve 68-is Sevsruldi da tfu, tfu, tfu Tvali ar
meces - jer kidev qaliSvili var!...
* * *
kgb - Si rekavs telefoni: alo, kgb aris? Cemi mezobeli isaka
briliantebs inaxavs SeSaSi. micvivdnen isakasTan kgb-s TanamSromlebi da mTeli SeSa daaqucmaces,
magram veraferi ipoves. rodesac
wavidnen, moSem dareka isakasTan: alo isaka, kgb-dan iyvnen dagenacvleee? - ki, moSe, iyvnen. - SeSa xom
dagiCexes, dagenacvle, SeSa? - ki,
daCexes... - hoda, dagenacvle, axla
Sen dareke, bostani maqvs dasabari.
* * *
kaxeli axalmoyvanil cols ukanalze xels mouTaTunebs da mokvdeba siciliT. - ra gacinebs? ekiTxeba coli - ukanali ukudod
- sul sxva rame yofila, -pasuxobs
mixo
* * *
raWveli mRvdelTan mivida: –
Sevcode , mamao.
– ra Secode, Svilo?
– megreli movatyue.
–eg codva araa, eg saswaulia ,
Svilo Cemo...
* * *
sidedrs unda siZeebi gamoscados. Caxteba WaSi da pirveli siZe gadaarCens. meore dRes iRviZebs
siZe da xedavs ezoSi manqana dgas,
07 da aweria `sidedrisgan". isev
Caxteba WaSi, axla meore siZe gadaarCens. iRviZebs meore siZe da xedavs
07 dgas da aweria `sidedrisgan".
bolos mesame siZe unda gamoscados, Caxteba WaSi. mesame siZe ar
gainZreva da daixrCoba. iRviZebs
mesame siZe meore dRes da xedavs
mersedesis bolo gamoSveba dgas
ezoSi da aweria `simamrisgan".
* * *
mama-Svili kedelze kideben Taros. mamas lursmani uWiravs. Svili gamoaqanebs CaquCs da mTeli
ZaliT Cascxebs mamas TiTebSi. gamwarebul mamas bolo xmaze aRmoxdeba: – ux! Seni deda m........ am
dros deda gamoixedavs samzareulodan gabrazebuli: – bavSvs tyvila nurafers pirdebi!
* * *
zangs, svansa da megrels samSobiaroSi bavSvebi aeriaT. megrelma
daavlo zang bavSvs xeli da gaiqca. - sad migyavs, - gamoekida
eqTani, - ver xedav Savia!
- samagierod, vici, rom svani
araa.
* * *
WiWikia Zmakacs urekavs:
- Zamia, gadasarevi pur-marili
maqvs saxlSi, qalebi wamoiyvane.
Semdeg meore Zmakacs urekavs:
- Zamia, gadasarevi qalebi myavs,
pur-marili wamoiRe
* * *Y Y Y
eqimo, me da Cemi coli nerviulebi varT, dRe ise ar gava, rom ar
viCxuboT. ras mirCevT?
- es moWarbebuli energiis bralia. girCevT, yoveldRe aTi kilometri gaiaroT. merwmuneT, yvelaferi kargad iqneba.
naxevari Tvis Semdeg kacma eqims
daureka da gaxarebulma axara
- eqimo, didi madloba, axla
marTlac yvelaferi kargadaa.
- maS, colTan aRar CxubobT?
- ara, imitom, rom saxlidan
asormocdaaT kilometrze var…
* * *
ebraels ekiTxebian:
- ratom gaqvT aseTi patara
qveyana?
- didi rad gvinda, iq mainc
iSviaTad CavdivarT!
* * *
dakrZalvaze eqimi mRvdels ekiTxeba: - bevrs muSaobT, mamao?
- Tqveni wyalobiT…
* * *Y Y Y
patara mixo pionerebSi miiRes.
saxlSi dabrunebuli bebias eubneba:
- bebo, miTxres rom tyuili
arasodes unda vTqva. mec minda
raRacaSi gamogitydeT. SarSan Cumad muraba gavxseni, SevWame da rom
aravis gaego, SigniT vqeni da ise
Sevinaxe.
- xom geubnebodi qalo, ganavalia meTqi, - wamoxta babua, - Sen ki
mimtkicebdi, daiSaqrao.
* * *
iyida qalma dedali TuTiyuSi
da waiyvana saxlSi - xmis gamcemi
meyolebao. magram es TuTiyuSi
dRe da Rame mxolod or sityvas
gaiZaxis: `seqsi minda, seqsi minda!”-o. Sewuxda qali da wavida
mRvdelTan rCevis sakiTxavad,
mRvdelma ki gamoitana ori mamali TuTiyuSi da uTxra:
- eseni metad RvTismosavni arian, mTeli dReebi Tavebi aqvT daxrili da locvebs kiTxuloben
Cumad. namdvilad uSvelian Sens
dedal TuTiyuSs - anugeSeben...
dainaxa Tu ara dedalma TuTiyuSma mamlebi, ra Tqma unda gaaba
Taviseburad:
`seqsi minda! seqsi minda!”
gadaxeda erTma mamalma TuTiyuSma meores da eubneba:
- petka, rogorc iqna ismina RmerTma Cveni locva-vedreba.
* * *
4 svani Cava TbilisSi da gaaCerebs taqss:
- mTawmindaze agviyvaneT,- da mere Cxubs daiwyeben erTmaneTSi, ara
me davjebi win da ara meo.
taqsis mZRolma Cawia fanjara
da eubneba:
- oTxive ukan dajeqiT da zadniT agiyvanTo!
* * *
uSgulSi svanebma dadges otelo.
Teatris win gamokrulia afiSa:
otelo: malxaz xecuriani.
dezdemona: JuJuna tvildiani
(orSabaTi), naTela jiSkariani (samSabaTi), mzeqala gazdeliani (oTxSabaTi)
* * *
ori programisti xvdeba erTmaneTs:
- ici? guSin mivdivar saxlSi
da vxedav Cemi coli sayvarelTan
erTad loginSi wevs.
iseTi eSmakuri TvalebiT iyurebodnen, srazu Sevatyve raRacas
iCaliCebdnen meTqi, mivardi da internetis paroli ar SeucvliaT!!!
yvelaze grZeli es aqvT berZnebs,
argentinelebs da salvadorelebs. xolo espanelebs, mavritanelebs, bosnielebs da arabeTis gaerTianebuli
saemiroebis macxovreblebs es saerTod
ar gaaCniaT. amitom, garkveul situaciebSi isini xmas saerTod ar iReben.
ratom?
2
koko Saneli ambobda: `20 wlamde
Tqven gaqvT saxe, romelic Tqven mogcaT RmerTma; 30 wlis Semdeg - romelsac Tqven TviTon SeqmniT”. xolo
romeli saxe gaqvT, Sanelis azriT,
50 wlis Semdeg?
3
boliviis dedaqalaq la-pasis biujetSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli
erTi mniSvnelovani samsaxuris Senaxvis xarjebi. daasaxeleT es samsaxuri, romelic aris yvela did qalaqSi, maT Soris TbilisSic.
4
cota xnis win erT axalgazrdul
JurnalSi gamoqveynda statia saxelwodebiT `wameba xorvatulad”. statias Tan axlda rva ilustracia,
romlebzec gamosaxuli iyo am `wamebis” sxvadasxva variantebi. ris Sesaxeb iyo es statia?
5
sabWoTa propagandistis melor
sturuas sityvebiT, prezidentma reiganma erTxel gamoTqva SeniSvna Tavisi garemocvis politikuri orientaciis Sesaxeb: `CvenTan marjvena xelma ar icis, ras sCadis ...” daasruleT reiganis gamonaTqvami erTi grZeli sityviT.
6
hakeruli slengis leqsikonis Tanaxmad, is gamoigona vinme skot falmenma, romelmac pirvelad gamoiyena
is 1980 wels erT-erT gancxadebebis eleqtronul dafaze. falmeni
albaT verc warmoidgenda, rom wlebis Semdeg misi gamogoneba aseTi popularuli gaxdeboda mTeli msoflios telesakomunikacio samyaroSi. maqsimaluri lakonurobiT daasaxeleT es gamogoneba.
7
rodesac mixeil velers dausves
kiTxva, Tu ramdeni dawera man cxovrebis manZilze, man Sexeda Taros
sakuTari nawarmoebebiT, da upasuxa:
`45 ...” daasruleT mwerlis pasuxi
erTi sityviT.
8
luCano pavarotis sityvebiT, yvelaze sasiamovno komplimenti Tavis
cxovrebaSi mas ergo erTi gogonasgan, romelic Seejaxa mas velosipediT, da Semdegnairad mouxada bodiSi: “ukacravad, me ...” daasruleT gogonas sityvebi.
9
ser isaak niutonis kembrijis maTematikuri institutis Senoba agebulia imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom maTematikosebs hqondeT kolegebTan mudmivad ideebis gacvlis saSualeba, institutis SenobaSi moZraobis drosac ki. am mizniT, institutis uklebliv yvela oTaxSi, maT Soris tualetebSic da liftSic ki aris...ra?
10
TbilisSi, erT sakancelario maRaziaSi iyideboda didi saSleli
(daaxloebiT 20x5 sm) originaluri
warweriT: `BIG eraser for BIG ...”
daasruleT warwera.
11
erTi xumrobis Tanaxmad, am cnobili tragediis mTavari moqmedi pirebi ebraelebi iyvnen, kerZod: bocmani,
locmani, Sturmani... daasaxeleT kidev erTi gmiri, romelic aseve ebraeli iyo.
12
cnobilma ukrainelma mwvrTnelma
valeri lobanovskim erT-erT interviuSi ganacxada, rom sabWoTa mwvrTnelebi kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad
xSirad dadiodnen qalaq uJgorodSi,
Tumca am qalaqs arasodes ar hyolia
Zlieri safexburTo gundi. maS, risTvis Cadiodnen isini uJgorodSi?
13
is daibada 1925w. niu iorkis
StatSi da aris aSS-s me-14 prezidentis franklin pirsis pirdapiri
STamomavali. sakuTar qveyanaSi is
sakmaod popularuli iyo Tavisi qvelmoqmedebisaTvis, Tumca Cveni yuradReba man,pirvel rigSi,miipyro asakisaTvis Seuferebeli CacmulobiT. da
saerTod, CvenTvis is cnobili gaxda
mxolod 80-iani wlebis miwuruls
mopovebuli gamarjvebis Semdeg. daasaxeleT misi meuRle an yvelaze
cnobili vaJiSvili.
14
erTxel amerikelma msaxiobma da
iumoristma uil rojersma Tavis
ZmisSvils, patara julias parizidan
gaugzavna baraTi, romlis ukana mxareze daawera: `ai, ra mogiva Sen, Tu
ar miatoveb frCxilebis kvnetvas!”
ra iyo gamosaxuli baraTze?
15
rTveli, nisli, rTvili, Tovli, wvima,
qari, aRmoceneba, yvavili, veli, Tibva,
sicxe, nayofi. daasaxeleT qveyana, romelTanac es sityvaTa rigi ganuyoflad aris dakavSirebuli.
16
1978 wels amerikelma joni delma daamyara ucnauri rekordi - isrola qaTmis kvercxi 98 metrsa da
iumoristul-inteleqtualuri gverdi
51 santimetrze. magram ufro ucnauri rekordi imave wels daamyara
misma Tanamemamulem da megobarma kit
golasma. raSi mdgomareobs am ukanasknelis miRweva?
17
yvelasaTvis cnobilia ala pugaCovas simRera milioni vardis Sesaxeb. magram cota vinmem Tu icis, rom
es simRera mogviTxrobs realur istorias erTi cnobili mxatvris cxovrebidan. vin iyo es mxatvari, Tu
cnobilia, rom man namdvilad aCuqa
auracxeli yvavilebi Tavis satrfos?
18
1956 wlis ssrk-s atlasSi Setanili geografiuli obieqtebis didi nawili atarebs sxvadasxva gamoCenili pirovnebis saxelebs. am `reitingSi” pirvel adgils rasakvirvelia ikavebs lenini, mesames - stalini,
meoTxes iyofen kalinini da kuibiSevi. vin aris am `reitingSi” meore
adgilze?
19
miuxedavad imisa, rom am ori pirovnebis mier daarsebuli kompania emsaxureba dReSi 60 milion klients,
maT Sesaxeb Cven cota ram viciT.
cnobilia, rom erT-erTi maTgani Cinelia, xolo meore - ebraeli. agreTve
cnobilia isic, rom oriveni swavlobdnen stenfordis universitetSi, da orives bavSvobaSi uyvardaT
jonaTan sviftis nawarmoebebis kiTxva. ra ewodeba maT qmnilebas, romelmac am or biWs gauTqva saxeli mTels
msoflioSi?
20
erTma eqimma gamoaqveyna gazeTSi
Semdegi sareklamo gancxadeba: `aSSs mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 50% xmarobs saTvales. es faqti kidev erTxel amtkicebs, rom cxovreba SeuZlebelia ... gareSe”. ris gareSe?
21
rodesac ainStaini 72 wlis gaxda, gadawyvites rom misi dabadebis
dRes misTvis suraTi gadaeRoT. ra
gaakeTa fardobiTobis Teoriis avtorma, rodesac igi kadrSi moxvda?
22
erTxel cnobil amerikel komikoss meuRlem im dros Seuswro
gasaxdelSi, rodesac igi viRac gogonas kocnida. komikosi ar daibna da
meuRlis braldebaze Cveul stilSi
moaxdina reagireba. `Zvirfaso, me xom
mas ar vkocnidi, me mas ubralod
tuCebSi ...” daasruleT amerikeli
komikosis Tavis marTleba.
23
istoriul periods, rome-lSic Cven
vcxovrobT, xSirad uwodeben informaciis eras. msoflioSi arsebobs
uamravi sainformacio saagento, romlebic yoveldRiurad gvawvdian informacias planetis yvela kuTxidan.
momavali TaobebisTvis Zalian advili iqneba me-20 sau-kunis nebismier
dRes momxdari movlenebis Sesaxeb
informaciis mopoveba. magram, es ar
SeiZleba iTqvas me-20 saukunis dasawyisze, rodesac dedamiwaze arsebobda informaciul vakuumSi myofi
adgilebi, saidanac informacia saerTod ver aRwevda msoflio sazogadoebamde. ase, magaliTad, arcerT wyaroSi (rusul gazeTebSic ki!) ar
aris aRwerili moskovSi, 1918 wlis
9 Tebervals momxdari arcerTi mniSvnelovani Tu umniSvnelo movlena.
ra aris amis mizezi?
24
Sua-saukunovani warmodgenebiT, eSmaks SeuZlia gardaisaxos nebismier
cocxal arsebad, garda erTi frinvelisa da erTi ZuZumwovrisa. daasaxeleT isini.
25
poloneTis `TeTri arwivis ordenis” devizi JRerda Semdegnairad:
`rwmenisTvis, mefisTvis da kanonisTvis”. Tumca, arsebobda am ordenis
varskvlavebi, romlebzec devizi iyo
Secvlili: `rwmenisTvis, xalxisTvis
da kanonisTvis”. visTvis iyo gankuTvnili es varskvlavebi?
26
erTxel kinomsaxiob Jan gabens eqimma amouRo kbili. ramodenime dReSi
msaxiobma am eqimisgan miiRo werili,
romelSic operaciisTvis angariSis
nacvlad ido ... fuli da ganmartebiTi warwera. eqimis sityvebiT, ras
warmoadgenda es fuli?
27
1964 wlis zafxulSi msoflios
sxvadasxva gazeTebsa da JurnalebSi
daibeWda Semdegi fotosuraTi: aviakompania `britanul-evropuli aviaxazebis” TviTmfrinavis trapze dgas
cnobili mamakaci, romelsac xelSi
uWiravs plakati, romelzec gamosaxulia 4 didi aso. dawereT TanmimdevrobiT es 4 aso.
28
mahmadiani mmarTvelebi mas uwodebdnen `lomguls”, `saberZneTis mefeTa Soris rCeuls” (Tumca, is ar
iyo berZeni), `qristianobis ganmamtkicebels”, `saqristianos gmir mesias”, `naTlisRebulTa burjs”. cnobilia, rom mas aqvs Cadenili erTi
Zalian mZime danaSauli, romelic pirdapir kavSirSia dabal temperaturasTan, Tumca amis gamo is aravis ar
dausjia. ufro metic, misi es danaSauli dadebiTad iqna Sefasebu-li
istorikosebis mier. daasaxeleT metsaxeli, romelsac Cven am mmarTvels
vuwodebT.
29
igi daibada niu-iorkSi. dedamisi
iyo mevioline, mamamisi - xiCkokis
asistenti. cota xanSi misi ojaxi
gadabargda evropaSi, sadac mamamisi
gaxda cnobili reJisori, da Tavis
Svilsac gauTqva saxeli imiT, rom
daawerina musika cnobili filmisaTvis. man monawileoba miiRo ramdenime filmSi, rogorc reJisoris asistenti, msaxiobi, kompozitori, magram
yvelaze did warmatebas man miaRwia
sxva dargSi. misi yvelaze cnobili
qmnileba eZRvneba evropuli dedaqalaqis RirsSesaniSnaobas. igi gardaicvala sruliad moulodnelad, 42
wlis asakSi. am tragikuli istoriis Semdeg Zalian Znelia movimoqmedoT mis mimarT iseTi ram, ris gakeTebasac gvTavazobs cnobili qarTuli gamonaTqvami. maS, ra unda movimoqmedoT mis mimarT am gamonaTqvamis mixedviT?
30
aSS-s umdidres adamianTa siaSi
pirveli adgili, ra Tqma unda, uWiravs bil geiTss. danarCeni gvarebi
am siaSi araamerikelisTvis SeiZleba arafris mTqmeli iyos. ase, magaliTad, 1995 wels gamoqveynebul amgvar
siaSi me-7 adgilze iyo vinme jim
uoltoni, maRaziaTa qselis `uolmartis” damfuZneblis, semiuel uoltonis Svili. im adamianTa gvarebi,
romlebic am siaSi me-8-dan me-11 adgilebze im-yofebian, TqvenTvis nacnobi unda iyos, Tumca maT Sesaxeb
Tqven albaT araferi ar iciT. miuxedavad amisa, daasaxeleT am oTxidan sami mainc.
31
warumatebeli fermeri uCvenebs
stumrebs SeZenil ranCos.
- ra saxeli SeurCieT ranCos? dainteresdnen stumrebi.
- me mindoda damerqva `bar-jei”,
cols - `siuzi-qiu”, ufros Svils `flaing dabliu”, umcross - `leizi-uai”. amitom Cven davarqviT ranCos “bar-jei siuzi-qiu flaing dabliu leizi-uai”
- ... da sad aris Tqveni saqoneli?
- daixoca ...
yuradReba kiTxva: maS, ra mouvida
saqonels?
32
cnobili xumrobis Tanaxmad, rogor grZnobs Tavs adamiani, romelsac ara aqvs marcxena xeli, marcxena
fexi, marcxena Tvali da marcxena
yuri? (pasuxi dawereT inglisurad)
33
SaSvis skintlze amodis fiTri
(mcenare), romlis wvenidanac amzadeben SaSvebis dasaWer webos. amasTan
dakavSirebiT, gadaTargmneT laTinuri gamonaTqvami: Turdus sibi malum
cacat.
34
birmis saxelmwifo astrologma
jer kidev 1989 wels ganacxada, rom
skkp ck-s generaluri mdivani mixeil gorbaCovi warsul cxovrebaSi
iyo birmeli. riTi daasabuTa astrologma Tavisi gancxadeba?
35
aristotele amas RmerTis saCuqrad Tvlida, sokrate - droebiT ti-
raniad, teofraste - usityvo motyuebad. ingliselma poetma qristofer morloum gaixsena SemTxveva, roca
aman moiyvana moZraobaSi aTasobiT
gemi. amis ra daniSnulebas xedavda
fedor dostoevski?
36
pirvelad es mowyobiloba gaCnda
londonSi me-19 saukunis 50-ian wlebSi. is muSaobda gazze da ramodenime
weliwadSi afeTqda. misi eleqtroanalogi gaCnda mxolod 1920 wels
berlinSi. romel mowyobilobazea saubari?
37
is gamoigona erT Zalzed cnobil
kompaniaSi momuSave qimikosma viqtor
milsma da is pirvelad msoflioSi
1959 wlis martSi ilinoisis maRaziebSi gamoCnda. viqtor milsma am
gamogonebas uwoda sityva, romelic
inglisurad `ganebivrebas” niSnavs...
TanamedroveobisaTvis sakmaod ucnobia viqtor milsis saxeli, arada
yvelaferi SeiZleba sxvagvarad yofiliyo mas am gamogonebisTvis Tavisi saxeli rom ewodebina... magram
erTi xumrobis Tanaxmad mas es rom
gaekeTebina, maSin im pirvel sam sityvaSi, romelsac bavSvebi swavloben
pirvelad, aucileblad misi gvari
iqneboda. ra gamoigona milsma?
38
rodesac lesingi erT-erTi Jurnalis redaqtori iyo, romeliRac avtorisagan leqsi miiRo, romelsac saTaurad hqonda `ratom var cocxali?”
ramodenime dRis Semdeg lesingma avtors leqsi ukanve gaugzavna da Tan
miswera `cocxali imitom xarT, rom
...” daasruleT lesingis pasuxi.
39
1994 wels germaniaSi miiRes `kanoni germaniis gaerTianebis damTavrebis Sesa-xeb”. risTvis gamoiyo, am
kanonis Tanaxmad, 20 miliardi germanuli marka?
40
60-iani wlebis bolos rok-jguf
`roketz”-is karieraSi moxda sakmaod didi mniSvnelobis mqone movlena. am movlenis Semdeg, jgufis solistma Tqva: `axla Cven mTeli msoflio ukanals agvilokavs”-o. ra movlenazea saubari?
41
es yvelasaTvis gargad cnobili
sityva Zveli berZnuli warmoSobisaa. Sua saukuneebSi is laTinur
enaSi moxvda, iqidan ki polonurSi.
saidanac rusulSi da, savaraudoT,
rusulidan qarTul JargonSi. axla
ki SeecadeT upasuxoT kiTxvas, ra
sityvas xmaroben polonelebi `dasvrili qaRaldis naglejis” aRsaniSnavad?
42
Tqven es mogces da igi isev Tqven
gekuTvniT. Tqven is aravisTvis gadagiciaT, magram mas iyenebs yvela Tqveni nacnobi. razea laparaki?
43
alfred hiCkokis azriT, filmis
xangrZlivoba unda iyos pirdapir
kavSirSi adamianis mniSvnelovani organos erT-erT parametrTan. daasaxeleT es organo.
44
sityva NEWS (axali ambebi) modis meTeqvsmete saukunidan da warmoadgens sityva new-s (niSnavs axals)
mravlobiT formas. aseve miaCnda am
kiTxvis avtorsac iseve rogorc inglisuris bevr sxva mcodnes, magram
am ramdenime xnis win internetis
meSveobiT wavawydi news-is etimologiis sakmaod saintereso axsnas.
amerikuli folkloris mixedviT am
sityvis warmomavloba SeiZleba aixsnas im faqtiT, rom axali ambebi
ewodeba msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebidan mosuli informaciis erTobliobas. yuradReba kiTxva: maS ris abreviaturas warmoadgens news am folkloris Tanaxmad?
pirvel gamarjvebuls
prizi maRaziisagan:
Discount Plus store
2910 Brighton 8th street
Neptune ave-is kuTxeSi
10
- `Wirime Tqveni~-o, amas Cvens stumarze lamazad, omaxianad da vaJkacurad arc aravin ambobs. siyvarulic rom ga
ga-morCeuli, rainduli hqonia am madlians?!
qarTvelebs uamravi legendad qceuli istoria gvaqvs:
galaktioni da emigracias gadaxvewili qarTveli qalis
xateba meri, ticiani da fexmotexili Rrubeli Tamunia we
we-reTeli, firosmani da milionvardmiZRvnili aktrisa marga
marga-rita, rezo da gembanze, TibaTvis mzeze Seyvarebuli medea...
da ukve kaxi da 28 wlis kafandara, usaTnoesi bela...
diax, qarTvelebi caSi mocqirali xalxi varT... varskvlavTmWvretelnic... da ra gasakviria, varskvlavebSi belac amo
amo-vicnoT da kaxic...
siyvarulze visaubroTmeTqi, vuTxari da bela movigone, mindoda saRerReli
aSloda. Teatrze da kinoze sasaubrod mzadmyofs ucbad belaze, mxolod belaze
saubari vTxove. didxans siCume Camowva, Semdeg Tavi maRla aswia da daiwyo...
imdenad kaxiseulad, imdenad kavsaZiseulad saubrobda, rom gadavwyvite misi saubris stili ucvlelad gadmometana furcelze, albaT imitom, rom darwmunebuli var, roca ki kiTxulob am saubars gazeTSi
dabeWdils, iqve kaxis xma
amoikveTeba utyvi furclebidan Tu sastambo saRebavebidan da uSualod am saubris monawile xdebi... aba
daukvirdiT!
- siyvarulze... visaubroT batono... siyvaruli es iseTi Temaa,
rom amouwuravia. am Temas TavianTi Semoqmedeba Seswires Tu vinme
geniosi iyo dedamiwis zurgze, da
mainc ver amowures. amouwuravi
iqneba yovelTvis da RmerTma nu
qnas, rom es sakiTxi sabolood
gadawydes. legendad ambobeno? me
es yovelTvis mikvirda... imitom,
rom salegendo araferi yofila!
me var iseTi profesiis kaci, rom
Cemi yvela moqmedeba Cans. vai, Cems
Tavs da vai Cemi profesiis kacs
raime Tu Ceidina. imwuTasve droSad aafrialeben. mikvirs meTqi, weRan giTxari... ki ar mikvirs, sasiamovnoa...
Tu saqarTvelo dRevandel dRemde movida, kidev raRac arsebobs
da sunTqavs, siyvarulma moitana,
metma araferma... iseTi siyvarulebicaa, romlebic ar Cans da ar ukaviaT droSasaviT... Cven ubralod
erTmaneTs pativs vcemdiT. ufro
metis Rirsi iyo da kidev ver
mivuZRveni, is siyvaruli ver miveci Cems cols, rac ekuTvnoda. me
ase vfiqrob... ra vici, meubnebian
xolme, Senao, cols uyvardio, arada,
me miyvarda, Tu vuyvardi, Zalian
kargi, Tore me miyvarda da...
rogor aRmoaCineT amuris isriT rom moiwamleTTqo, an pirvel paemanze miambeT rame-meTqi, ise SevekiTxe, rogorc buxris win,
babuas kalTaSi mokalaTebuli SviliSvili CaeZieboda tkbil papas...
- pirvelad institutSi rom
movida, davinaxe da Tavbru damexva. aba kacco! (SecdomiT ar gegocc
noT, diaxac, kacc
cco, red) ver vubedavdi verafers, imdenad Sors iyo,
rafer gavubedavdi rames Tqmas...
da ase vatarebdi, bolos nametnavad rom gadavvardi, saocari ram
moxda... yvavilebs davuwye yureba.
yvavilebs vuyurebdi Zalian, gansakuTrebiT bolo xanebSi, da rodesac Zalian gadavvardi...
- ukan gamosasvlelic rom
ar daitoveT?!...
- xo... aRaraferia darCenili
da... `ra lamazi yvavilia?!~, viZaxdi Turme. Cemma megobarma miTxra, kaco, ra iyo, ra yvavilebis
Zaxili agitydao. Turme kaci, roca nametnavad Seyvarebulia, yvavilebs amCnevs da yvavilebs ukvirdeba... yvavilebs davuwye yureba,
kacco! da... ra lamazi feria, ra
kargi suni aqvs, viZaxodi, Turme...
mere mec gamaxsenda, ase gabruebuli rom daviarebodi. sasiamovno
grZnobaa Zalian... Seyvarebulebma
sul unda ecadon, rom erTmaneTi
ar dainaxon. unda igrZnon! sul
bolomde grZnobaSi unda iyvnen,
Tu dainaxes erTmaneTi, albaT gafuWdeba saqme. deda, biWo, es miyvarda?! uime, es miyvarda kacoo,
meo. an amas ityvian: uime, es amxela aylayuda kaci ranairad, kaco?! sul vcdilobdi, rom ar davenaxe, sul grZnobebSi vyolodi...
misi danaxva CemTvis yovelTvis
paemani iyo. rodis moxda `paemani~, pirveli Sexvedra, marTali giTxra, arc maxsovs. sul yovelTvis,
masTan Sexvedra iyo CemTvis paemani, TeatrSi rom Sevxvdebodi, ai,
ena nel-nela Camivardeboda pirSi.
- danaxvaze Tu ena givardebodaT, maSin warmomidgenia,
kocnis Semdeg ra dagemarTebodaT...
- (didi pauza) ...me vifiqre...
raRac pikze, raRac simaRleze, ai,
everestis iqiT kide maRla, mTebSi,
mTlad zemoT... au, sad avedi-meTqi,
es ra aris-Tqo, kacco, Zalian amaRelvebeli iyo... sul vamayobdi,
rom egeTi kargi coli myavda, sul
vamayobdi, verasdros ver gavZexi
am siamayis grZnobiT.
- qalbatoni bela rogor
xedavda? Tqven rogor daanaxeT Tqveni siyvaruli, an man
rogor dainaxa?
- ra vici, me miyvarda da...
yvavili, romelic
SemomaWkna!
- Tqvensken rom apirebda navis mocurebas, amas mainc rogor mixvdiT?
- ra vici, me miyvarda da.. (gaiRima), me buldozeriviT mivaweqi
mere da... ukan rom ver daixia,
albaT maSin mivxvdi... albaT...
- romel yvavils SeadarebdiT?
- ... romelic Cqara Wkneba, albaT... didxans rom dgas, lamazia...
SemomaWkna xelSi da... Zaan magari
viRac iyo... magari gogo iyo...
sul aRfrTovanebaSi movdiodi. verafriT veci iseTi pativi, rogorsac imsaxurebda samwuxarod...
sul muSaobaSi viyavi, sul Teatri, sul kino, sul raRaca... Cemi
ocneba iyo, rogorme erTad, mTeli
ojaxi bavSvebTan erTad wavsuliyaviT sadme, ise rom arsad meCqarebodes. verafriT movaxerxe! arada, isic bednierebaa, TetrSic viyavi, kinoSic viyavi, dakavebuli viyavi yovelTvis da... yovelTvis
moZraobaSi viyavi, da is dro mivuZRveni ojaxs, rogorsac imsaxurebda Cemgan.
- romantikosi iyaviT?
- ra vici, ra aris romantika?
me sul bednieri viyavi! da sxvaTaSoris, erTi simRera romaa: `omSi wasvla mas uxaris, visac kargi
cxeni hyavso, saxlSi misvla-dabruneba, visac kargi coli hyavso~,
ra simRera esaa-meTqi, vfiqrobdi...
kargi cxeniT omSi midis, kargi
coli saxlSi xvdeba... marTlac!
yovelTvis mixaroda saxlSi mosvla, rom kargi coli melodeboda. asea ra! araferi SemTxveviT
ar xdeba arc simReraSi, arc literaturaSi, arc moqmedebaSi, arc
saqcielSi... ehh, rogorc servantesis gmiri don kixoti eubneba
sanCos: eh, Cemo sanCo, am qveyanaze
SemTxveviT araferi ar xdebao.
- riTmasac eWidebodiT?
- sxvaTaSoris, musika damiweria,
novela damiweria, scenari damiweria, cota damixatia kidec, magram
leqsi arasodes damiweria. yovelTvis mikvirda, rogor werdnen poetebi aseT leqsebs: `da ciT daamSvena didi nikorwmida~... mofiqreba ar unda kacco?! ranairad
moifiqra, nikorwmida imdenad diadia, rom ciT daamSvenao, kaccooo,
ranairad SeiZleba amis mofiqreba?! leqsis dawera aqamde ver gavbede, rogorc ver vbedavdi masTan
misvlas, ase leqsis werac ver gavbede me!
- ar mjera, rom xSirad ar
utydebodiT erTmaneTs siyvarulSi...
- araviTar SemTxvevaSi! amaze
laparaki rogor SeiZleba? ara
kacco! siyvaruli arsebobs! Cvenc
vmoqmedebdiT, Cven mivdiodiT, movdiodiT, bavSvebs veferebodiT, erTmaneTs pativiscemiT vepyrobodiT,
xandaxan iyo xolme, Secdomas davuSvebdi, qeifSi, SeiZleba ver moviqceodi ise, rogorc saWiroa, sul
vnerviulobdi, au, rogor SemeSala,
rogor da ras metyvis axla, ar
miTxras, rom cudad moviqecio.
da roca Zalian karg xasiaTze
viyavi, erTi 10-20 dRis Semdeg,
metyoda, ar grcxvenia kacoo?!
- axsniTac ar agixsniaT
siyvaruli?
- araferi miTqvams... mivdiodi,
movdiodi, videqi, xvdeboda, rom raRac suleliviT viqceodi... mere
erT mSvenier dRes, movkide xeli
da Cems Zmakacebs ganvucxade: es
qali aris Cemi coli-meTqi... gaCumda, xma ar amoiRo... saxlSi mivedi, dedaCems vuTxari, es aris Cemi
coli-Tqo... SevikribeT, misi deda
iyo, deida iyo, misi da iyo, dedaCemi iyo, Cemi deida, me viyavi, bela
iyo, davjeqiT da visadileT, sadRegrZeloebi vTqviT, da es iyo Cemi
qaorwili. ase gaxda Cemi coli...
- yvelaze didi saCuqari?
- qaliSvili momiyvana, vaJiSvili maCuqa... da Tavisi Tavi momca!
ai, es iyo yvelaze didi saCuqari.
- dRes ra grnoba geuflebaT, axla, am wuTas, am Temaze
saubrisas?
- ici ra?! rodesac am qveynidan
wavida, davdiodi Turme saxlSi da
viZaxodi: `ra vqna, exla ra vqna~meTqi. Turme sul am sityvas viZaxdi. merab kokoCaSvili movida CemTan da SemekiTxa, `kaxo, ramdeni weliwadi icxovreT erTado~. me vuTxari, 26 weliwadi-Tqo. `bednieri
iyavio~, viyavi-meTqi, es 26 weliwadi viyavi Zalian bednieri-meTqi.
kaxo, adamianebi arian am qveyanaze,
romlebic 26 dRes ar yofilan bednierebio, da 26 weliwadi, meoTxedi
saukune iyavi bednieri, sul xom ar
SeiZleba bednieri iyos adamianio,
da Zalian filosofiuri sityvebi
miTxra.
marTlac, xom ar SeiZleba sul
bednieri iyo, xom ar SeiZleba sicocxle gagrZeldes sul! ara? Zalian kargi iqneboda, rom vyofiliyaviT ufro metad erTad da... ufro meti xani vyofiliyavi bednieri... Turme bedniereba maradiuli
ar aris da... mec ase vfiqrob, albaT, rogorc cxovreba ar aris maradiuli, ise bednierebac ar aris
maradiuli da aseTi gagebiT vekidebi... Svilebi arian SenTan, mere
izrdebian da midian, mere unda gamogeyon da Zalian mZime momentia.
qaliSvili gaTxovda, vaJiSvilma coli SeirTo... isini ufro axloblebi gaxdnen erTmaneTisTvis da...
axla SviliSvilebi ufro meti arian. raRac xdeba... midian, modian...
Turme bednierebac erT etapze unda damTavrdes, Turme! rom mere
meore bedniereba daiwyos, meore sicocxle daiwyos, meore adamianebma
ibednieron da ase Semdeg. me madlobeli var RmerTis, rom amxela,
es 26 wliani bedniereba maCuqa.
- bedniereba gaCuqaT, ese igi
bednieri iyaviT?
- erTi kaci damisaxele, dawyebuli didi geniosebidan, romlebmac
msoflio dai pyres, rac undodaT
gaakeTes, rom eTqvaT, bednierebi varTo... damisaxeleT ra?! ver ityviT
aseT kacze! SeiZleba piriqiT, rom
gvgonia Cven bednierebi, sulac ar
iyvnen! me vTvli, rom bednieri viyavi, Svilebi myavs, SviliSvilebi myavs,
bednieri var! madlobeli var RmerTis, rom dResac vmuSaob, davardnili ara var, minda, zezeulad rom
xeebi kvdebian, ise movkvde scenaze.
jer-jerobiT ase midis da Tu ase
damTavrdeba Cemi cxovreba, esec bedis saCuqari iqneba CemTvis.
- belasTan Sexvedra rogor
warmogidgeniaT?
- albaT Cveulebrivad, TiTqos
is guSin wavida, me dRes mivedi...
ase SevxvdebiT albaT erTmaneTs...
momeCveneba... bolo sityvebi belam
es miTxra, raRacas velaparakebodi,
mindoda gamomeyvana mdgomareobidan,
raRac mZimed iyo da... bolo sityvebi iyo: `Jcnfdm vtyz d gjrjt=
yt vtifq d ,kf;tycndt~, damanebe Tavio, SeveSvi da ese ZilSi 28
agvistos, mariamobas daiZina da wavida...
dedaCemmac Cems xelSi dalia suli da misi bolo sityvebi?! sul
raRac tkioda, TvalebSi dakarga
fokusi (dedaCems qmari daeRupa, 27
wlis darCa ori SviliT) da Zalian fxizlad, Zalian fxizlad, `daTaSkaaa~, - dauZaxa da daamTavra
sicocxle.
- Sexvdnen!
- Sexvdnen! ra vici, SeiZleba mec
daviZaxo, an iman damiZaxos: kaxooo...
- batono kaxi, emag daZaxebamde erTi saukune kidev minda gavides... xangrZliv sicocxles gisurvebT, eliboc gvWirdeba da don kixotic...
* * *
es saubari civi Tebervlis civ darbazSi Sedga...
civi-meTqi, vambob, magram roca Cveni saubari dasasruls
miuaxlovda, vigrZeni rom es
sicive sadRac gamqraliyo
da iqauroba siyvarulis siTboTi gamTbariyo.
Tbili oTaxidan gareT
gasvla ki Znelia, hoda mec
Zalian gamiWirda am siTbos,
am siyvarulis iq datoveba.
m. kaWaxiZe
`mamuli~
elis
Sens
reklamas!
347-724-0770
11
cnobili `saias~ maRazia
+
DISCOUNT STORE PLUS
2910 Brighton 8th street
Corner of Neptune ave
in Brooklyn
saprodiusero centri Gelany
USA warmogidgenT Sou-saRamos
„gazafxulis siyvaruli“
(Spring Love Party)
saprodiusero centri
Gelany USA 1 wlis xdeba.
satelefono
baraTebi
fasdaklebiT
vamzadeb inglisurSi nebismieri asakisa da donis msurvelebs. survilis mixedviT praqtikis gakveTilebi Catardeba
telefonis saSualebiT.
kidev erTi
lamazi saRamo,
kidev erTxel
mxiaruleba da
Tavdaviwyeba!!!
7187841337
lela
Georgia-USA Travel
maia ninoSvilis saagento
dRisiT: 917-974-7166
1950 86th street, 2FL
saRamos: 718-621-6846
Brooklyn, NY 11214
faqsi: 718-621-6846
el.fosta: mnc7@earthlink.net
ar gamotovo! Tqven gelodebaT
ganaxlebuli da gansxvavebuli, Tavbrudamxvevi Sou-saRamo. gelodebaT bevri cekva, garToba, dasveneba,
bevri saCuqari da bevri siurprizi. iyaviT CvenTan da gaatareT lamazad dro. CvenTan erTad iqnebian:
qarTveli da amerikeli musikosebi,
momRerlebi, mocekvaveebi...
specialurad TqvenTvis, amerikis
popularuli musikosi, qarTveli
eleqtonuli musikis samyaros profesionali DJ TENGO.
House, Tribal, Electro House, HipHop & More…
modi da ixalise CvenTan erTad...
15 marts, SabaTs, 8 saaTze,
bruklini Ramis klubi PISQUARE
misamarTi: 1201 Surf Avenue
Brooklyn, NY 11224
(Corner of W12th St.)
klubSi daiSvebian gogonebi 18
wlis + da biWebi 21 +
(Tan iqonieT ID an pasporti)
bileTis fasi: $25 + saCuqari
ufaso CD (kompaqt–diski) Souze
monawileebis simRerebi da ,,miqsebi“ + kidev erTi saCuqari: 10%
fasdaklebis baraTi Gelany USAis Semdeg Souze.
bileTis SeZena SegiZliaT Semdeg misamarTebze:
Caucasus Express
511 Brighton Beach Avenue
Tel: 201-333-5555; 718-934-1700
Gelany USA
116-20 Queens Blvd,
Forest Hills, NY 11375
Tel: 718-263-9030; 917-604-5541
VIP da regularuli
magidebis SesakveTad dagvirekeT
718–263–9030
nana
nakaSiZes
dabadebis dRes vulocavT Cvens marad axalgazrdasa da mSvenier dedofals, samegobroSi ganTqmul cekva ~simdis~ SesaniSnav didostats. vusurvebT
sixaruls, bednierebas, da
samSobloSi male dabrunebas.
megobrebi
xsovna gulisa
Tamaz maqacarias xsovnas
moulodneli iyo Tamaz maqacarias gardacvaleba.
moulodneli da Tavzardamcemi...
wlebs ar moiTvlida Cveni nacnoboba, magram Turme sxva sazomebi
hqonia adamianur urTierTobebs, roca cxra mTasa da cxra zRvas iqiT
gadakarguli Seni jiSisa da modgmisas xvdebi vinmes.
am sazomebiT Tamazi yvela im adamians moukvda, vinc mas icnobda.
ucnaurad sindis-namusiani, ucnaurad alali da sufTa iyo darCenili am Wreli cxovrebis oromtrialSi. vicodiT, Tu dasaxmareblad vuxmobdiT, ZmasaviT, SviliviT
miitanda gulTan Sens gasaWirs, SeuZlebels SesZlebda da bolomde
dauzogavad gi patronebda.
Turme Tavad yofila sapatrono...
gulma uRalata!
im gulma, romelSic yvelas samyofi siTbo da sikeTe hqonda dagrovili... da Cven ki... verc ki movuswariT cocxals.
isRa dagvrCenia alali da-Zmuri cremliT locva davadevnoT maradiulSi gadasuls, fexis dadgma
rom enatreboda qarTul miwaze.
natvra ausrulda! qarTuli miwa miiRebs mis Zvlebs da kidev
axali ZaliT gaapoxierebs mis madlianobas.
msubuqi iyos Sens gulze dayrili qarTuli miwa. Seni nakeTebi
madlis Suqma gaginaTos maradiuli sasufeveli da dagasaxlos iq,
sadaca marTalni ganisveneben.
mudam gvemaxsovrebi da vilocebT Seni lamazi sulisaTvis.
106 meTerTmete
braitoni
lamaras (klaras) xsovnas
Tebervalia...
TiTqos aRar civa, magram welgatexili zamTari Wirveuli beberiviT cdilobs drodadro Tavi Segvaxsenos. sasowarkveTili da dauZlurebuli
mrisxane TvalebiT gascqeris midamos. iq, Sors, horizontze mze amodis, kaSkaSa, TvalismomWreli sxivebiT gabrwyinebuli da yvelaferi irgvliv dRes
ufro lamazad geCveneba, vidre guSin.
guSin erTi, saocrad Tbili, yvelasagan gansxvavebuli da amave dros sayvareli adamianis dabadebis dRe iyo, - lamaras dabadebis dRe.
Tumca aq, amerikaSi mas klaras eZaxdnen...
erTxel guldawyvetils wamoscdenia: aq CamosvliT yvelaferi davkarge,
megobrebi, samSoblo da sakuTari saxelic kio.
erTaderTi, rac ar daukargavs, saqarTveloSi dabrunebis imedi iyo, imedi
da rwmena imisa, rom rodesme mainc aiRebda bileTs, dajdeboda TviTmfrinavSi, gadaifrenda okeanes da sul ramodenime saaTSi daibrunebda samSoblos,
megobrebs, sakuTar saxels...
l. S.,
`netar arian morwmuneni~...
106 meTerTmete braitoni
manam gazeTi daibeWdeboda...
guli metkina! jer sada xaro!
es esaa telefoni gavTiSe... yurmils
miRma aia qalaqi melaparakeboda... sami
ufrosi megobris zeciur quTaisSi gadasaxleba macnes.
da miTxres, dReidan avTandil baraTaSvils mxolod francias panoze Tu naxavo, quTaisis
quCebSi veRar ivlis axovani, mxrebSi gamarTuli qarTveli kacis silamazis simbolo avTandil baraTaSvilio...
guli metkina! jer sada xaro...
eTer JorJoliani Caixuta `iq” wasulma Svilma, mamuka miqelaZemo. veRar
dainaxav redaqciis kibeebze erT amosunTqvaSi amosul Cia-qals, mudam mofusfuses,
gazeT `quTaisis~ Zveli Taobis korespo-
dentso, axla albaT erTad vaxSmoben kidec mixeil amaRlobeli, leila laiTaZe
da nunuka SarabiZeo...
guli metkina! jer sada xaro...
pipinias mxolodSobili vaJi - aguli
erisTavi Sordeba quTaisso, arao, `araCveulebriv gamofenaSi~ yovelTvis darCebao,
isaa rom, Cqari nabijebiT mosiarule lorTqias, guram lorTqifaniZes veRar vixilavTo, pasuxgaucemlad gvitovebs SekiTxvaso, Tu rogor SeiTvisa naRdi quTaiselis roli am Tbiliselma, Tumca warmoSobiT quTaiselma kacmao.
guli metkina! da telefonic imitom
gavTiSe, rom kidev ar eTqvaT: `jer sada
xaro~.
manuCar kaWaxiZe
milocvebi
MAMULI
P.O. Box 13121,
Jersey City, NJ 07303
Semowiruloba
s
fhct,j,bcsdbc
survili maqvs gazeT `mamulis~
arsebobisaTvis gaviRo
dolari.
dabadebis dRes vulocavT nana anTiZes, sixaruls, bednierebas, ulev sixarulsa
da mega-milionis mogebas vusurvebT.
megobrebi niu-jersidan
***
Cvens Zvirfass nino burduls,
vulocavT dabadebis dRes, janmrTelobas,
bednie-rebas da ulev sixaruls vusurvebT.
megobrebis saxeliT:
naTluli eka maisuraZe
maia ninoSvilsa
da giorgi metrevels,
vulocavT wm. daviTobis dResaswauls
da patara daviTis gaqristianebas. vusurvebT
janmrTeli da qveynisaTvis sasaxelo vaJkaci
gazrdiliyos, rac esoden esaWiroeba Cvens
samSoblos.
`mamulis~ redaqcia
***
mSvenier nato goderZiSvils
vulocavT dabadebis dRes, janmrTelobas,
mzegrZelobas, qalur bednierebasa da dasaxuli miznebis ganxorcielebas vusurvebT.
dabadebis dRes vulocavT nino xabelaSvils, Cveni partnioris, germaniaSi gamomavali Jurnal `qarTulis~ redaqtor-gamomcemels, vusurvebT bednierebas, sixaruls, warmatebebsa da winsvlas cxovrebasa
da SemoqmedebaSi.
megobrebi
`mamulis~ redaqcia
***
(Tqveni saxeli da gvari)
(saxlis nomeri da quCa, Apt N)
(qalaqi,
Stati,
Zip-kodi)
manuCar, anzor da avTandil kaWaxiZeebi ojaxebiT TanaugrZnobs irina
uflisaSvils Rrma mwuxarebaSi Zmis,
iraklis
daRupvis gamo
samZimari
gazeT `mamulis~ redaqcia Rrma mwuxarebiT TanaugrZnobs zaza revaziSvils dis gardacvalebis gamo
12
mamuli
5 saaTi Tbilisze 4.5 dolarad
mxolod am misamarTze:
Discount Plus store
2910 Brighton 8th street
is kuTxeSi
Neptune ave-is
asaval
dasavalis
gfhnybjhj,bs
HTLFMNJH-UFVJVWTVTKB
VFYEXFH RFZF[B't
EDITOR & PUBLISHER
MANUCHAR KATCHAKHIDZE
MAMULI
P.O. Box 13121,
Jersey City, NJ 07303
www.mamuli.com
editor@mamuli.com
Tell: 347-724-0770
saqarTveloSi `mamuls~ warmoadgens
sagamomcemlo saxli `asaval-dasavali~
KFIF YFLFHTBIDBKBC
patronaJiT
Cveni gazeTis Semdegi
nomeri gamova 25 marts
iqneb frinveli xar gadamfreni,
da cas anacvale mTa da miwa,
iqneb aRar gaxsovs araferi,
Cemi saxelic ki dagaviwyda.
iqneb, ver gicvnia Seni saxli,
da ca - usulgulo minis sarke, amsxvrevs Cemi gulis gadaZaxils
da gzas veRar igneb Sinisaken.
iqneb Seelie samudamod
miwas, yvavilovan-balaxovans,
rom guls tkivilebi dauamo
Sen me, saamisod ar gaxsovar.
iqneb, daiRale aRma freniT
da Sen martosuls da ase nawyens,
fexqveS miwis nacvlad qardafenils,
Cemi Tvalebis Suqs veRar gawvden.
medea kaxiZe
maradiuli
dafiqrebisken
siyvaruli
yvavili,
romelic
SemomaWkna
qarTuli
abrundi
08
#1
apnisisurwyunisi
asaval
dasavalis
gfhnybjhj,bs
2003 wlidan
giwvevT
27, 29 Tebervals,
1-2 marts
zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis
baletis saxelmwifo Teatri
ybyj fyfybfidbksfy erTad
` ananiaSvili
aris udavod yvelaze
sayuradRebo balerina mis TaobaSi!~
agreTve monawileobas miiRebs
didi Teatris wamyvani artisti
andrei uvarovi
iCqareT, bileTebi iyideba!
Millenium Theatre
Glavs Travel
Mosvideo
e Mikelle 2
www.bam.org
www.Russianny.com
warmodgenis sponsori:
BAM.org
Brooklyn
Academy of
Music
718-636-4100
BAM/ Peter Jay Sharp Building/
30 Lafayette Ave/ Brooklyn
2
sanam patara biWi iqve oTaxis
marjvena kuTxeSi patara xis magidaze koxtad morTul CiCilaks uvlida gars da yuradRebiT aTvalierebda, moxucma xis grZel yuTSi
momaragebuli nafotebiT buxarSi
cecxli gaaCaRa da jaWvis gaWvartlul sakidze momcro zomis Tujis Savi qvabi Camohkida.
- ho, ho, ho, ho, naxe ra cecxli
gavaCaRe, gaTbi, babu... nametani ki
Semouwiwina, racxa gaavdrebas apirebs... kais ar unda velodoT am
amindisgan, arada, amindi ki ara, kaci
aRaraa dRes sando, - xeli Caiqnia
moxucma da isedac aguzguzebul
cecxls kidev Seumata karga mozrdili xis kunZi. mere bavSvs miubrunda da miualersa, - rao, babu,
mogewona xom CiCilaki?!
- ki momwons, babu! – Tavi arc ki
moubrunebia, ise upasuxa biWma, erToboda lamazi saaxalwlo sanaxaobiT, da mitom.
mas Savi gorozi Tma hqonda da
didroni Savi Tvalebi, romliTac
moxucis yuradRebas i pyrobda. bavSvi drodadro CiCilakis xveulebs
TiTebis frTxili moZraobiT Slida, isini ki Tavis pirvandel mdgomareobas ubrundebodnen TavisTavad. biWunas eRimeboda CiCilakis
aseT `daumorCilebel~ bunebaze. mere
babuam kamfetebi Camohkida CiCilakis xveulebze, onavarma uceb Camoxsna da SeWama ise, rom berikacs
ar daenaxa da ar gawyromoda. babuas ki ulvaSebSi eRimeboda.
- babu, CiCilaki ratom hqvia?
- CiCilaki? – ise gaikvirva moxucma, TiTqo ar eloda aseT kiTxvas, magram pasuxi mainc hqonda da
gasaocrad momxiblavi zRapruli
pasuxi.
- ho, Ci-Ci-la-ki, - damarcvliT
gaimeora biWma, nabijebi sityvis damarcvlas Seuwyo da luka-babus
miuskupda gverdiT buxris pirdapir kedelTan midgmul rbil taxtze.
- modi, kaxaber, CemTan, - uTxra
babuam SviliSvils da bavSvi kalTaSi Caisva, - amboben, CiCilaks Soreuli warsuli aqvso, - Tqva moxucma da TuTuniT gatenil yalions buxridan gamoRebuli nakverCxliT cecxli moukida, - Turme
erT qarTul ojaxSi saxlisTavs,
romelsac basili rqmevia, axali
wlis Rames, RamiT CiCilaki Seutania, gaSlil sufraze daubrZanebia
da uTqvams: `awi naxeT rogor gamravldes ojaxi da sikeTe dagebedoTo~. marTlac, im wlis mere am
kacis ojaxi... xom gesmis?! – miubrunda luka SviliSvils, - ki, babu..
- hoda, marTlac im wlis Semdeg
ojaxi gamravlebula da bedniereba
da sixaruli dabedebiaT. mis mere
dabudebula simSvide, xvavi da dovlaTi im ojaxSi. didxans, Zalian
didxans icocxla basilim. RvTis
wyalobaa es, aba raa, da he, rodidan
gvwyalobs RmerTi qarTvelebs.
kaxabers loyebi auRaJRaJda, Tvalebi sixaruliT aukiafda, mowyenili saxe uceb gaebadra.
- gamodis, rom CiCilaki jadosnuri xea, ara babu?!..
- jadosnuriao, ver vityvi, mara
RmerTis naboZebi madli roa am
xeSi, qe vxvdebi amas. mere, babu, amiT
gouTqvia saxeli basils mTels duniaze da xalxs am ucnauri xisTvis `basilis wveri~ daurqmeviaT.
- ha, ha, ha, basilis wveri!!! –
sicils ver ikavebda biWi.
- icine, babu, aTasi weli icine!
mase gaxarebuli yofila is ojaxebi, `basilis wveri~ sadac SebrZanebula. qristeSobas yvela saxlkarSi mdgara es dalocvili.
- aba, CiCilaks ratom veZaxiT? –
isev CaekiTxa gafarToebuli TvalebiT.
- amboben am ucnaur burbuSels
SensaviT patara, an Senze ufro patara biWma Tvali mohkra da `CiCilakio~ wamoscdenia. mas merea, rom
CiCilaks veZaxiT. me Tu mkiTxav, es
saxeli ufro uxdeba, ara kaxaber?!..
- mec minda, babu, CiCilakis gakeTeba viswavlo!
- gaswavli, babu, rogor ar gaswavli.. SviliSvilma unda majobos, aba?! – me ukve davberdi, xelebi
aRar memorCileba, sadRaa uwindeli jani da Rone... – moxucma SviliSvili kidev ufro moizida Tavisken, - Cemo patara, me rom CiCilakis keTeba viswavle, TiTqmis Senxela viyavi, arc ki maxsovs rodis
iyo es ambavi.. xom ici, babu, sacaa
saukunes gadavakakuneb, ar ifiqro,
an cota iyos, an bevri... cot-cota
ki mRalatobs es oxeri mexsiereba,
mara Cemi cxonebuli maswavlebeli
ar damviwyebia. mTlad bavSvi viyavi maSin, ha-ha, Sen-xela, SeiZleba
arc kido. sofelSi, axla ro var,
amxela asakis moxuci maSinac cxovrobda. sul marto iyo sacodavi –
Svilebi ki hyolia, mara me ki arc
erTxel minaxavs is xalxi da – ra
vici, cxovrebam romel miusavleTSi gadafanta yvela. bavSvebi xSirad vikribebodiT zamTarSi aseTive buxris piras. moviyridiT Tavs
megobrebi da misgan saintereso ambebs vismendiT. dekembris TveSi moagrovebda cxonebuli Txilis totebs da mSral adgilas awyobda...
- Txilis totebi raRad undoda, babu? – gaawyvetina biWunam babuas saubari da cnobismoyvare TvalebiT Seacqerda berxucs.
- oo, babu, yvelafers codna unda,
- Txilis totisgan ufro kargad
keTdeba CiCilakis xveulebi da Tanac advili samuSaoa. amboben, dovlaTi da xvavi iciso. hoda, Tvis
bolos dajdeboda es kaci da TiToeuli totisgan ucnaur `burbuSelebs~ akeTebda, Tan Cvenc gvaswavlida. maSin cota ucnauradac
ki gveCveneboda es yvelaferi da
berxucis am saqmes abuCad vigdebdiT. eh, ramdenjer mogvi paravs misi CiCilakebi da sul gagviclia
`Tmebisgan~, - gulianad Caiqirqila
moxucma.
- Tmebisgan? – ahyva kaxaberic
sicilSi.
- sul davaclidiT xeliT im
xveulebs, rasac movereodiT, rasac
arada, cecxls vukidebdiT da misi
dawvis silamaziT vtkbebodiT. eh,
ramdenma wyalma Caiara mas mere,
mara bevri rame ise CamrCa mexsierebaSi, TiTqos guSin momxdariyos,
arafriT ar damviwyebia. ise, Senc
gaswavli, babu, aba, ras vizam... –
Tqva luka babum, taxtidan wamodga
da isev Seamata buxarSi SeSa.
mere neli nabijebiT gaiara oTaxis sivrce da meore oTaxis karidan sadRac gauCinarda. babuas gavliT isargebla SviliSvilma, uceb
moicva qurTuki, naqsovi qudi gverdulad daixura da sirbiliT ezoSi
gahkurcxla.
* * *
- kaxaber, Semodi, Semodi, xelebi sul gagToSia, miualersa garedan Semosul SviliSvils babuam.
- vifiqre erT-or Cits gavwknapav-meTqi, magram sakenkze verafriT
ver movityue, - daiCivla ymawvilma
babuasTan, gayinuli xelebi buxridan gamomaval siTbos miuSvira da
moxucs daeloda, Tu ras moimoqmedebda.
- babu genacvalos, Citebi utvino arsebebi ar gegonos, Zaan gonierebi arian, marTalia, patara Tavebi
aqvT, mara iq udevT swored Wkuis
kolofi. safrTxes Soridan grZnoben da Tavs ufrTxildebian – Tqva
babuam da SviliSvils dakoJrili
xeli mxarze SemoaWdo.
- arada, babu Zalian ki SiodaT, Seecada kaxaberi babuis TvalSi
Citebis damcirebas.
- SiodaT, mara gana SimSilis
gulisTvis Tavs gawiraven?! ise, mag
oxrebs Tovli RupavT.
- Tovli?! – gaikvirva.
- ho, Tovli, - daumowma babuam, Tu gaTovda, maSin naxe rafer deiTvli magaT Tavebs. ise ki, tyuilad wvalob, mainc araferi gamogiva, Tovli rom dadebs, piris sacmacunos veras-fers naxuloben am aremareze, mere ki moibuzebian mag cuRlutebi fanjarasTan, minebidan ga-
moCndebian da mTeli dRe akakuneben,
iqneb vinmem puris namceci gadmogvigdoso. axla isRa dagvrCenia,
Tovls davucadoT.
- mere, babu, rodis mova Tovli?
- mova, aba ra iqneba... axla xom
zamTaria, maS rodis unda mogviTovos! cac moiqufra da muxlebSic
glaxad mamtvrevs. tani migrZnobs,
Tovli unda mevides. mere xom ici
raferi Tovli icis Cvensken... ho,
ho, ho, ho, - Tqva moxucma, buxarSi
nakverCxali aqeT-iqiT gaqeqa da kideSi midebuli naxevrad gaCexili
xis kunZi Sig SuagulSi Cado. uceb
nakverCxali gaskda da buxridan
manaTobeli naperwklebi gadmocvivda,
- fui, fui, vinaa rom merCis moxucs?! – Cailaparaka da gaqeqili
nakverCxali kidev ufro gamoqeqa.
- babu, rogor gamxmara saxlis
win mdgari Cveni didi muxa...
- gaxma, daberda da mitom, Cemo
babuka. ehe, jer rodis Cemi babua
ambobda, mamaCemma dargoo es muxa.
axla vatyob am muxis gamoisobiT
ra didxans micocxlia da micxovria am qveyanaze. wleuls Zaan cxeli zafxuli iyo, ver gouZlo im
sacodavma zafxulis xvats da qe
dalia suli. ise, babu, yvelafers
Tavisi dro aqvs. mis adgilas awi
Sen unda dargo axali nergi, asi
wlis mere Seni SviliSvili dargavs, mere misi SviliSvili da ase
gagrZeldeba cxovreba, aba! bunebas
ras ubrZaneb, TviTonaa yvelas mbrZanebeli, rogorc unda ise meiqceva unda sicxisgan amogxdis suls, unda niaRvar-wvimas wamouSvebs da
fesvebianad mogglejs, Tu arada mexs
dagaxlis da erTianad dagwvavs, unda
mogaSenebs da gagamravlebs da daulevelad gacocxlebs da gayurebinebs qveynierebis mSvenierebas. adamianebic mcenareebi varT, RvTis mier darguli mcenareebi, Cveni movaleobacaa, gavaxaroT da gavalamazoT buneba. Tu vinme am movaleobis grZnobas moklebulia, TvalSi
cudi mosaxvedria da wamlavs garemos. adamianic mbrZanebelia bunebaze, eWidebian erTmaneTs, vin vis...
xan adamiani imorCilebs bunebas, xan
kidev buneba adamians, esaa, rom adamianis garda mTeli garesamyaro
emorCileba bunebasac da adamiansac. Tu unda adamians, mcenares
uwylobiT gaaxmobs, cxovelebs daxocavs, xeebs moWris da SeSad weiRebs. arc mTlad asea, babu, keTili
adamianebic arseboben, mis movlaze
rom fiqroben. ise, marTali rom
giTxra, es maSin xdeba, Tu misgan
raimes meelian. mainc gafuSta kacoba. RmerTia mxolod yvelafris momxedavi - bunebisic da adamianisic.
- babu, adamiani da buneba Tu
erTmaneTis WidilSi erTmaneTs
imorCileben, an ver imorCileben, is
RmerTi vinRaa maSin?
- RmerTi, babu, erTi da ganumeorebelia. is caSia da adamiansac
da bunebasac gankargavs da wess
udgens arsebobisas da arsobisas.
vTqvaT, midis kaci gzaze, gamouqrolebs manqana, geitans da moklavs.
amboben, RmerTma weiyvanao, Tu meindoma, babu, maRalma RmerTma, dedamiwas nakuwebad aqcevs da mere iseve
Seqmnis... iseve Seqmnis casac da miwasac, rogorc Seqmna adami da eva,
iseve aaSenebinebs adamianebs soflebs da qalaqebs, isev gavCndebiT
me da Sen da Tu RmerTma maSin ar
gamwira... me vici, rafer vicocxlo am qveynis momaval dasasrulamde.
* * *
moxucs Zlieri xma TandaTan auT-
manuCar kaWaxiZe
buxarTan
Caferflili
zRaprebi
emociuri gancdebi k/f `nergebis~ naxvis Semdeg
rTolda. mas guli moulbo SviliSvilTan saubarma da yvela is
dardi, rac adre gonebis zedapirze
amosuliyo, axla sul erTbaSad da
erTianad gamqraliyo. TeTri Tma
ondav aburZgvnoda da welSi moxrili xeljoxs dayrdnoboda. forebSi Rrmad Camjdar Tvalebs jagara, dabla daxrili warbebi gadmofareboda da naoWian saxes sali
kldeebiviT wamodgomoda. saxeldaxelod mocmuli xakisferi uyelo mosasxamidan daWmuWvnili Sexsnili perangi da TeTri gulispiri mouCanda.
- Tu RmerTi qveynierebas ganagebs da adamianebs gankargavs, ratom aris, rom qveyanaze amdeni boroteba xdeba? gana RmerTs uyvars
boroteba?
- RmerTi, babu, adamianebs gamocdis winaSe ayenebs. swored sicocxlis bolos waradgens igi samsajavros winaSe da iq gansjis keTilsa da borots. aba, kargad mismine, erTi Tqmuleba unda mogiyve:
erT gogosa da biWs erTmaneTi
yvarebiaT, mara biWis ded-mama nametani winaaRmdegi yofilan. TviTon
es biWi ki am gogos erTguli yofila. erT dRes ymawvili sacoles
SeTanxmebia, xval imden Sesamosel
naWers mogitan, ramdenis wamoRebasac SeviZleb da yvela eseni saRamomde unda Sekeroo. Sen tanis dasabani wyali gaamzade, moval, davi-
ban da wamogiyvano.
gulmodgined Sedgomia es gogo
tansacmlis kervas. mara daRamebamde erTi xeli tansacmeli darCenoda Sesakeravi. Sewuxebula gogo,
ra unda vqnao?! gamosula mindorze da RmerTisTvis SeuTxovia: `RmerTo, saxeldalocvilo, col-qmrobis gamCeno, mzisa da mTavaris Semqmnelo, amowie mze erTi Toxis taris sigrZezeo~.
- mere RmerTma marTla amowia
mze?- gaocebuli SeekiTxa kaxaberi
babuas.
- RmerTs Seusmenia gogonas naTqvami da mze amouwevia erTi Toxis
taris sigrZeze. masac piroba Seusrulebia da vaJsac wauyvania igi
colad. meore dRis SuaRamisas mosula viRaca da dauZaxnia biWisTvis, goutacnia da gamTeniisas mouyvania ukan, babu. ase grZeldeboda
ori kvira. mesame kviris pirvel
SuaRames cols ver mouTmenia, qmars
gayolia gareT da misTvis xeli
Cauvlia. isev dautacia am biWisTvis viRacas xeli da wouyvania,
Tan colic mihyolia Camokidebuli. gzaze im viRacas col-qmari
cecxlSi goutarebia, biWi gadarCenila, qals ki tansacmeli dawvia,
mere aduRebuli wyali SexvedriaT,
biWi isev gadarCenila, qali ki moxarSula.
- moxarSula?
- ho, moxarSula, mere ekal-bardebSi goutarebia orive, qals tanze xorci aRar SerCenia, marto
Zvlebi darCenila. mis Semdeg erTi
mindori gamoCenila, Zaan lamazi, mzisa da mTvaris sambrZaneblo.
- mze da mTvare iyvnen isini, vinc
biWs itacebdnen Ram-RamobiT? - isev
daekiTxa bavSvi babuas.
- swore xar, babu, Turme mzesa da
mTvares dahyavda es biWi am gogos
jibrze, radgan man Txova RmerTs
mzis amoweva da mze rom amoiwia,
igi mTvares erTi Toxis taris
sigrZeze daSorebia.
- mere ra qnes babu?
- mere am gogonas Zvlebi ganze
gadouyriaT, mara mere moxiblulebi darCnen am qalis siyvarulis
erTgulebiT qmris mimarT da qmrisic colis mimarT, sikvdilamde rom
ar miutovebia cols qmari, da qmaric ver eleoda cols. upatiebiaT qalisTvis siyvaruli da iseves
CaudgiaT suli misTvis da xorcic SeusxamT.
RmerTs axla amaTma Txoves ganexorcielebinaT qali kacisTvis,
da iyo ase. mere ki orive doulociaT da amis Semdeg didxans ucocxliaT col-qmars da bevri Svilebic hyoliaT.
didia RmerTis samarTali, babu.
keTilSobili Txovna uklebliv yvela Seasrula. swored rom RmerTis sazomiTa da samarTaliT siyvarulia keTilSobileba. qal-vaJs
erTmaneTi uyvardaT, am siyvarulisTvis RmerTma gogonas ausrula
Txovna, samagierod erTmaneTs daacila mze da mTvare. mze da mTvaresac Seusrula Txovna, radgan amaTma Sexedes da mixedes satrfoebs,
Seafases da daafases qalis Tavganwirva da kacis miziduloba, amitom ganaxorciela xorcSesxmuli
da daloca. RvTis nebaa aq sikeTis
uwyeba, kaxa-biWo. ici, ratom mogiyevi
es Tqmuleba? unda mixvde, babu, rom
Tu RmerTi mowyalea, mowyalea imitom, rom boroteba ar CavidinoT,
keTili kaci ki yovelTvis naxavs
Tavis simarTles.
- babu, is kaci, qveyanas rom icavs
mtrisgan da im mtris mokvla uwevs
TavdacvisTvis, borotia Tu keTili?
- o, sakmaod rTuli kiTxva damisvi, babu!.. albaT mainc keTilia,
radgan samSoblos, Tavis saxl-kars,
ojaxs icavs mtrisgan. ase rom ar
ise SediT qalaqSio~. mefis brZanebaze atexila erTi braga-brugi da
vai-uSvelebeli. jariskacebis WuWyisa da talaxisgan usaSvelod maRali mTa damdgara. mere im adgilas saTvalTvalo koSki aRmarTes
Tamar mefis brZanebiT. warmeidgine
axla, babu, Sen ramdeni jariskaci
unda yoloda Tamar mefes, ro amxela mTa damdgariyo, mara yvela boroti da mavne rom yofiliyo, imTavad codvilic, daiqceoda maSin eri,
da egaa... samSoblos dacva nebismieri xerxiT, mtris mokvdinebiTac
ki, Cveni movaleobaa da ver vityviT
uars. marTalia, bevrjer wagvigia
brZola, magram arasdros davmarcxebulvarT, radgan sulierad ar
davcemulvarT. mteri, kaxaber, yovelTvis kaliasaviT exvia saqarTvelos da sulis amoTqmis saSualebas ar aZlevda, mara qarTvel
xalxs ukan arasodes dauxevia. samSoblos siyvaruli xatebad da salocavad gaixades.
- axla Tu gvyavs, babu, mteri?
- mters ra gamoulevs saqarTvelos... hyavs, rava ara hyavs. mteri
marto gareT SubiTa da maxviliT,
Tu ginda tankiTa da qvemexiT rom
modis, marto is ki araa. ara, babu,
mteri Seni qveynis SigniTac bevria. mteri araa is kaci, vinc Sens
qveyanas CumaT, raRacnairi xrikebiT Zirs uTxris?!.. wyals uyenebs?!.. mere dadgeba da saqarTvelos sadRegrZelos yvelaze xmamaRla ambobs yanwiT xelSi da ra
brtyel-brtyeli sityvebiT... axla
riTia aseTi kaci gareul mterze
naklebi?
- babu, rogor ggonia, dRes rom
mteri Semogvesios, davamarcxebT?
– gamococxlda amden xans Cumad
mjdari kaxaberi.
- unda davamarcxoT, aba! – simxneve Seemata xmaSi luka odilavaZes, - valdebuli varT, babu, Tu ara
momavali Taoba ar gvapatiebs damarcxebas.
- ar ginatria, babu, odesme saqarTvelos mefe yofiliyavi?
- o, babuka, erTi glexisTvis ukiTxavT, ras izamdi, mefe rom gamxdariyavio, rom gagamefono. ras fiqrob
axla, babu, Sen... kiTxvaze rogor
upasuxa im glexma? – cota xans
gaCerda luka da isev gaagrZela, glexs uTqvia, qons qonze davadebdi
da ise vWamdi da Calaze daviZinebdio. SeiZleba, kaxabero, am glexiviT
ar giTxra mec kai saWmels vinatrebdi-Tqva, mara mainc imisTana kacs
ar unda kiTxo imisTana SekiTxva,
sulac ro ar Seefereba, Tu ara
imisTana rames getyvis, iqeT SeiZleba Segarcxvinos. im glexs ro kiTxes gagamefebT da ras izamo, miTxari, ra unda epasuxa im oxertials, saxelmwifoze vizrunebdi, jars gavaZlierebdi, ekonomikas mivxedavdi
da xalxze vizrunebdio, ver ityoda,
babu, rato, Tu ici?! Wkua ar uWrida saamisod da goneba ar emorCileboda am doneze. albaT sawyals
Sioda da Wamis survili ufro
awuxebda, eZineboda da Zilis survili ufro klavda.
* * *
am saubarSi iyvnen babua da SviliSvili, rom ezoSi ZaRlma jer
daiwkmutuna, mere daiRrina da male iqauroba gauTavebeli yefiT
iyos, amden xans ar viqnebodiT...
mefe Tamari xom ici, babu, Zlieri
mefe iyo saqarTvelosi, hoda, erTxel Turme, roca gaigo mteri
SemoWras apirebs dasavleTidano, amdgara Tavis laSqrianad da wasula mterTan Sesarkineblad, saomrad, erTis sityviT. Turme midgomia baTums. maSin es qalaqi Zalian,
Zalian sufTa yofila. dananebia
dedofals, qalaqi daisvrebao amdeni jariskacis WuWyiani nafexurebiTo da sulmnaT Tamars ubrZanebia - `fexebi aq daiwmindeTo da
gaayrua.
- geixede, babu, gareT, racxa cugam nametani Seutia, albaT vinmea
CvenTan, Tu ara, ase mwared ar gacxardeboda.
biWi mkvircxlad wamoxta, odnav
SeRebul karSi gadairbina, isedac
didroni Tvalebi kidev ufro gaufarTovda da WiSkrisken miapyro
mzera, sadac ucnobi idga. uceb
Semobrunda da babuas oTaxSi SemosZaxa:
- babu, viRac ucxoa.
- vin unda iyos netav am dabin-
3
debulSi? gza xom ar eeria mag
ojaxdalocvils?.. ucxo... ucxo...
– imeorebda moxuci da saxeldaxelod CaTelili flostebiT karisaken wavida Cqari, odnav areuli
nabijebiT.
- maspinZelo! maspinZelo! – gaiZaxoda mamaliviT yelmoRerebuli
saSualo asakis mamakaci.
- romeli xar, batono? – miaZaxa
karidanve lukam da danaoWebuli
xeli SublTan miitana, TiTqos mzes
iCrdilavso.
- biZia, Camosvlis neba momeci da
yvelafers agixsni, oRond es ZaRli momacile, SemWama kaci... – yviroda Soridan gagulisebuli ucnobi da gacxarebul ZaRls uwmawuri sityvebiT iSorebda.
- cuga, cuga! gamodi aqeT! – gauwyra moxuci ZaRls. ZaRlmac umal
Sewyvita yefa, patrons daemorCila
da kudis qiciniT iqve saxlis karTan sagangebod mowyobil SedarebiT
Tbil sagebze moikunta.
- mobrZandi, biZia, ZaRli awi arafers gizams, - uTxra bavSvma da
stumars ezoSi SemouZRva da karis
zRurblamde miiyvana, sadac babua
elodeboda.
- agaSena RmerTma, - Tqva ucnobma
da SemarTebuli nabijebiT gadmoWra ezo.
lukam isev miido Sublze xeli,
axla ufro daiwvrila Tvalebi
da axlodan daakvirda ucnobs.
- mobrZandi, batono, mara es mainc miTxari, sadaur kacs vepatiJebi Sin?
- qalaqidan var, biZia, sofelSi
aRricxvaze gamomgzavnes. saRamo
mSvidobisao, - Tqva ucnobma da xeli gauwoda misalmebis niSnad.
- mSvidoba ar mogiSalos RmerTma... ese igi aRricxvaze, ara?! hi,
hi, - CaixiTxiTa babuam, - raa aq aRsaricxi da dasaTvleli?
- xalxi unda aRvricxoT, - ise
amayad upasuxa ucnobma, TiTqos masze
iyo damokidebuli am saqmis bediRbali.
- hm, xalxi?! aris mereda es
xalxi darCenili am sofelSi?! xom
arafers gvipireben neta?.. Semodgomaze iTvlian wiwilebso, ase wavida Cveni saqme?!
- ha, ha, ha, - undoda Rimili
daefara ucnobs moxucisgan, magram
ver axerxebda.
- aba raa eg Tqveni aRricxva,
raSi gWirdebaT?
- ase gvavaleben, Cemo batono, da
ra vqnaT.
- hoda, Tu gavaleben, davaleba
pirnaTlad unda Seasrulo.
- Tqveni saxeli, biZia?
am SekiTxvaze moxucma damarcvliT warmosTqva Tavisi saxeli
da gvari, ucnobmac aseve damarcvliT gaimeora da gadaSlil rveulSi Cawera. mere ki hkiTxa isev, marto cxovrobT?
- marto var axla me?! – gaiRima
moxucma da kaxabers Tavze gadausva xeli, - ager SveliviT jeeli
vaJkaci rom midgas gverdiT, ver
uyureb?!
- Tqveni SviliSvilia xom?!
- Cemia, Cemi! Cemi gvaris gamgrZelebeli da Cemi sisxli da xorci.
magas enacvalos misi babua.
ucnobma saCvenebeli TiTiT warbi moifxana, TiTqos saTqmels ver
poulobso, isev ikiTxa:
- misi mSoblebi sad arian?
- misi mSoblebi qalaqSi cxovroben, biZiko, droebiT momiyvanes
Cemi cugrumela.
- gamodis, rom marto xarT.
- e... kido marto xaro... marto
var axla mee??? martoa ager Cemi
mezobeli valikie, Savi miwa ro
ayria gulze da dRe da Ram imas
natrulobs, vinme mainc naxavdes Cem
saflavso... ar miTxra, Svilo, meored mase...
- kargi, biZia, ar vicodi ase Tu
gewyineboda am sityvis xseneba, Tu
ara ar getyodi, - Tavi imarTla
ucnobma.
- Seni saxeli miTxari, biZiko, ar Seityo gabrazeba moxucma.
- eldari mqviao, - upasuxa ucnobma.
- eldari, biZiko, ar gvinda axla
imaze laparaki, me ra mewyina da ra
ara, mara stumars ra geexardeba, kargad vici me. dajeqi, Svilo, ager, gamouwoda buxris marjvena kuTxeSi midebuli samfexa patara skami.
- ara, meCqareba, dasajdomad ar
mcalia. – xelebi gaasavsava eldarma.
- apapapa, ar damiwyo axla meCqareba da ar mcalia, agi da igio.
qalaqidan amxela gzaze kaci Camevida CemTan saxlSi da axla imas
ise govuSveb, erTi Wiqa Rvino ar
davalevino?! SenTan ro mevide, ase
gamiSveb?.. kaxaber, patara sufra
modgi da pur-yveli moarbenine!!!
- ara, luka biZia, ver davjdebi,
damaRamdeba, - uarobda eldari.
- ata, tata, xom giTxari, Cemi
saxlidan aravin gasula, erTi Wiqa
Rvino rom ar eewia da sadRegrZelo ar eTqva da Sen ras meubnebi!..
hoda Tu dagaRamdeba, kidec gagiTendeba, Svilo, aba ra iqneba. xvalec am kvirisaa, babu, da ufro
kargad gevicnobT erTmaneTs.
kaxaberma patara sufraze Tvalis daxamxamebaSi daawyo puri da
yveli da babuas TvalebSi Seacqerda. moxucma Wiqebi RviniT Seavso
da Tqva:
- am WiqiT, eldari, biZiko, mSvidobas gaumarjos, mSvidobas barSi,
mTaSi, qalaqsa da sofelSi, darsa
da avdarSi, mSvidobian dRes da
mSvidobian Rames. mSvidobiT gevlos am cxovrebis gzaze.
- gaumarjos mSvidobas!.. mSvidoba nu mogviSalos ufalma RmerTma! – Seawia sityva eldarma, dacala Wiqa da wamodgoma daapira.
- sad midixar, Svilo? ori fexiT mosuli, erTi WiqiT midixar?
Seni winaprebis tradicias nu daarRvev! babu, Sen xom ici qarTuli
sufris tradicia... – axla SviliSvils Semoubrunda luka.
biWi morcxvad SeiSmuSna, Tvalebi ucnobs aarida da xelebis
fSvnetiT iataks daaSterda. mere
Wiqa xelSi aiRo da stumari adRegrZela, Rvino cota mowrupa da
isev babuasTan axlos, magidaze dado. sityva SviliSvils babuam CamoarTva da manac adRegrZela eldari, manac madloba gadaixada da
RimiliT Seacqerda kaxabers.
- eldari, biZiko, - Tema Secvala
moxucma, - aRricxvao, rom meubnebi,
kai, batono, aRricxe agi Cveni soflis xalxi, - sergoia, badria, amirana, mimayole mec... ra xeiria mere...
Tu marto mag furclebze Camoweraa Tqveni saqme? gava mere wlebi,
Cameivli kido albaT, an dagxvdebiT, an ara. ivliT ase usasrulobamde???
- hm, hm, hm, - TavSekavebiT iRimoda
eldari, - Cveni saqme aRricxvaa
swored, amiT vadgenT, Tu ramdeni
adamiani cxovrobs dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi.
- esaa marto? mere rao, ra geige,
ramdeni vyofilvarTo?
- jer sruli siebi ar Segvidgenia, Tumca gasuli wlebis maCveneblebs Tu moviSveliebT, xuT milionamde unda viyoT, - iseTi seriozulobiT saubrobda eldari, gegoneboda ufross dRis bolos Sesrulebuli davalebis angariSs abarebso.
- ar gamagiJo axla kaci, rac me
gavCndi am qveyanaze da rac maxsovroba maqvs, ager ukve mease weliwads gadavdgam ganze da sul cota
naxevari saukunis goniereba CamrCenia am gamofitul TavSi da sul
magas iZaxian - xuTi milioni, xuTi
milioni varTo. an ar mogvaklda
vinme, an ar mogvemata racxa, Se kai
dedmamiSvilo? jer erTia da marto milionobiT adamiani qveynidan
garbis. xalxs ver angariSoben iq,
zeiT kargad am Sens danaTvlels, an
arada Sen da Sennairebi cudad
iTvlian. Tumca SenTan ra saqme
maqvs, - erTbaSad Sewyvita azris
gagrZeleba lukam, - davaneboT cota
xniT Tavi am oxer ariTmetikas da
sufras mivxedoT, Tvara vatyob gagiSra yeli, - CaixiTxiTa berxucma.
- ara, ras brZanebT, batono luka?!
- am WiqiT, Cemo biZiko, Cvens saqarTvelos, Cvens ukvdav samSoblos
gaumarjos, mraval Wirgamovlils,
natanjsa da nawvalebs, magram mainc
SemarTuls daviT aRmaSeneblis raSiviT, Zliers da gautexels. aRwerao, rom meubnebi, Svilo, es sxva
araferia, Tu ara is, rom davadginoT qarTvelebma saqarTveloSi ramdenad sicocxlisunariani eri varT.
amitom mainteresebs gadavabijoT
am gayinul xuTians da metni da
metni viyoT. rac meti kacia qveyanaSi, araTu qveynis gareT, qveyanaSi,
imdenad meti sicocxle aqvs Cvens
samSoblos. TiToeul sicocxles
gaumarjos, romelic saqarTvelos
ZarRvebSi gadis da ikvebeba Cveni
mamuli sicocxliTa da sicocxlisunarianobiT.
- namdvilad mefuri sadRegrZelo TqviT, luka babua, - Rvinom da
sadRegrZelom erTbaSad aaRelva
eldari.
moxucma TeTri ulvaSebi Rvinis wveTebidan gadaiwminda da SviliSvils gadaxeda mravlismetyveli TvalebiT, mere daayola:
- mefuri xom... - da ulvaSebSi
Caicina.
- ki, Sen ar momikvde... - daudastura eldarma. mere manac sadRegrZelo Tqva, Rvino dascala da Wiqa magidaze dado.
- orives gasagonad vambob, babuebo, Cemo eldar da kaxaber: aravis
SeejibroT samSoblos siyvarulSi da arc SeajibrebinoT sxvasac,
ise akeTeT Tqveni saqme pirnaTlad
da patiosnad, radgan araa magi ubralo saqme. dro ityvis yvelas saTqmels.
- axla ki Cemi wasvlis droa... –
uceb SeiSmuSna eldari.
- a, axla cdebi, Cemo eldar!..
- ra iyo, luka batono? ra ar
unda meTqva?
- ra da, unda wavideo, rom Tqvi,
igi ar unda geTqva swored.
- ratom?
- wasvlas, Svilo, yovelTvis moaswreb, me kido cota ar iyos jiuti kaci var, im aRricxvasac moaswreb, arvin gageqceva arsad, Sen mSvidad iyavi, sityvas nu SemaSrobineb
pirze. Tamadoba ubralo saqme ar
gegonos. ravarc yvela ver imefebs
qveyanaSi, ise yvela ver Tamadobs
sufrasTan. biZiko, erTi sityvac
unda iTqvas aucileblad.
- vTqvaT, Seni Wirime, magaze guls
rogor dagwyvitav.
- e, mase Se kaco, ager mogasveneb
da dilaze Semoiare naTelSi e
Cveni sofeli. hoda, ra mindoda
meTqva: aRwerao, ro ambob, erTi kai
ambavi gamaxsenda. aRwera iyo maSinac, macxovari ro ibadeboda qveynierebaze. mucladRebuli deda RvTismSobeli aRsawerad beTlems ro
Cevida da iq Sva ieso, da iq sces
Tayvani mogvebma da mecxvareebma
RvTaebriv axalSobils. modi, Cemo
biZiko, visac saxareba exareba, yvela
gaaxaros RmerTma am Soba-axalweliwads. imravlos da ixaros saqristianom! - mere iyo da luka babuam SemosZaxa `alilo~, eldarmac
bani misca, kaxaberma ki wkriala
xmaze Caagaloba –
`ocdaxuTsa am Tvesao,
qriste iSva beTlemsao...
Citi Robeze Semojda,
gasZaxoda qristeSobas...
RmerTma ise agaSenoT,
rogorc Sios maranio~ da a.S.
mTeli Rame sufrasTan isxdnen
kaxaberi, eldari da luka. saubrebs
sadRegrZeloebi cvlida, sadRegrZeloebs simRerebi, ymawvils drodadro
CaeZineboda, mere babua SeaRviZebda,
mere isev Tbili buxris piras isev
saaxalwlo sizmrebs xedavda. moxuci buxarSi cecxls aRvivebda, rom
siTbo ar mokleboda keras, sadRegrZeloTi da RviniT es siTbo sulSi
Sedioda TrobiT. mere dilisaTvis
eldarma kera daloca, - gagimarjos luka biZia, Sens
kerias davlocavo, - Tqva, fexze wamodga da Rvino dascala.
- Sen geixare, babu, am qveyanaze, daloca lukam eldari, - mag Sens
aRricxvaSi Cemi Tavi ar gamogrCes,
Tu ara erTi kaci daakldeba qarTvelobas.
- magaze nu idardeb, biZia, ar
gamomrCeba.
ZaRlma ucxos danaxvaze isev
cqvita yurebi da yefa daapira, magram
berxucis danaxvaze umalve gadaifiqra da isev Tavis adgilas dabrunda. eldarma grZeli nabijebiT gaiara ezo da WiSkarTan omaxianad
dasZaxa:
- luka biZia, mxned iyavi, meored
rom Camovivli, kidev unda davlioT,
xom mpirdebi?!..
- gpirdebi, gpirdebi, aba! - gaeRima moxucs.
kaxaberi babuamisis gverdiT idga da ucxo stumars mzeras ar
acilebda, sanam Tvals ar moefara.
- wamo, babu, saxlSi SevideT, civa,
qvenamac Semoubera. Cveni cugac glaxaT wrialebs racxa, amindi Secvlas
unda apirebdes.
- babu, moTovs?
- wesiT unda moTovos, Sen ra
gixaria, Se oxero, - Tma SeuqoCra
babuam SviliSvils.
- Tovli miyvars, babu, Sen ar
giyvars?
- miyvars, miyvars babu, rava ara...
* * *
axalgaTenebulze sofeli Tovlis
TeTr samosSi gaexvia. aTovda lukas
did ezos, aTovda did xmel muxas,
romelsac gorozad gaeborja xmeli
totebi, aTovda xis odas da fanjrebis minebs efineboda cidan mowyvetili
TeTri fifqebi. kaxabers ki tkbilad
eZina babuas gverdiT da Tovlze Cayolili fiqrebi sizmrad gadaqceoda da aTovda bavSvis gonebas TeTri
sizmrebi, sabuxredan ki TeTri kvamlis
nasunTqi adioda caSi.
farTo quCis gadaRma Zveltfilisur aivnian saxlebs odnav moSorebiT, iq, sadac qalaqSi didi
kunZuli arsebobda, idga wiTeli
agurisgan nagebi orsarTuliani
Senoba. Senobis Tavze Soridanve
moCanda viwro milad amoyvanili
sabuxre. iqedan amomavali kvamli,
rogorc ki jurRmuls tovebda,
ialaRiviT gaSlil sivrceSi iSleboda da simaRleSi ikargeboda ugzo-ukvlod. sakvamurTan axlos micucquli beRurebi gviani
Semodgomis sicivesa da adriani
zamTris susxis Semoparvas grZnoben. isev Caixrigina quCaSi tramvaim, romeliRac xididan an napiridan motanili xma rom adasturebda amas, da maleve miwyda
xma. Senobis karTan sapatio yaraulebiviT aqeT-iqiT mdgar rkinis
maRal boZebze lampionebi aanTo
Ramis melampionem da kars zemoT
safuZvlianad gakeTebuli sareklamo firniSi `madaTovis restorani~ ufro mkveTrad gamoCnda.
saucxoo sanaxavi iyo Senobis
mTeli fasadi, gegoneboda restorani ki ara, viRac didebulis sasaxle Tu iyo. vitrinebidan aTasnairi mimzidveli naxati imzireboda. Senobis srulad amoCuqurTmebuli kari xelovnebis nimuSi
iyo da sacodaoba iyo, karis funqcias rom asrulebda. advilad
misaxvedria, yovelive es maRali
gemovnebis mepatronis rom iqneboda,
raxan aseTi didebuli ostatebi
daasaqma. mTavar SesasvlelTan, sadac patara sadarajo jixuri
idga, moTeTro feris balanaSlil
finias daedo bina da zezeulad
Tvlemda. drodadro movaleobis
mizniT cali Tvalis quTuTos
swevda da isev Zils miecemoda.
karis zRurbls iqiT viwro
derefanSi sagangebod gakeTebul
xis sakidebze erTmaneTis miyolebiT ekida TiTqmis erTnairi zomisa
da feris samxedro samxreebiani
mundirebi. odnav zemoT xis Taroebze qandarebze Camomjdari qaTmebiviT moCanda Camowkapuli samxedro qudebic. derefnis erT
kuTxeSi naxevrad Cabnelebul adgilze ijda sicivisagan mobuzuli daraji da Camoqufruli warbebis qvemodan aRznebulad uelavda Sors mWvreteli Tvalebi.
misi daWmuWvnili xelebi naTlad
usvamda xazs mis asaks. TiToeul
gamvlel-gamomvlels gulisyuriT
akvirdeboda, surda erTi saeWvo
niSanic daeWira stumarTa Cacmulobasa Tu gamoxedvaSi, raTa SemdegSi sagangebo signali gamxdariyo restoranis mepatronisaTvis. misi zedmetad moWerili pijaki da bolomde Sebneuli perangis Rilebi iseT STabeWdilebas
tovebda, rom gegoneboda uWers
da sacaa iyvirebso, magram is amas
SeCveuli iyo da rom ara ase, is
sxvafriv ver gaZlebda. mokrZalebis da movaleobis moxdis mizniT
igi yvela stumars Tavs erTnairad odnav uxrida da marjvena
xelis neli moZraobiT darbazisken epatiJeboda.
eWvnarevi mzera xakisfer qurTukSi gamowyobil Savgvreman
axalgazrdasac gaayola, romelmac restornis derefani Cqari
nabijebiT gaiara, papirosis bolsa da aTasgvar saWmlis surnelSi gaxveul darbazSi Sevida da
sufris wevrebs xalisianad SeuerTda. mxedruli nabijebiTa da
saxis ieriT advilad mixvdebodi,
rom igi samxedro piri iyo.
darbazi savse iyo samxedroebiT. marjvena mxares qarTuli
kerZebiT uxvad damSvenebul sufras rusi oficrebi Semosxdomodnen. erT-erTi rusi oficeri
saxeawiTlebuli zorba tanis kaci
iyo, naxevari saukunis Tu iqneboda, rusebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
garegnobiT - Ria feris TmiTa da
aprexili cxviriT. Rvinisgan gaTanguls perangis sayelo moRrecoda da araqaTgamoclili gadahyurebda gverdiT msxdom masze asakiT umcros oficers (da
albaT CiniTac), romelmac RviniT
savse Wiqa xelSi aiRo da saxealewili cdilobda sadRegrZelosaTvis Tavis mobmas, magram amaod.
bolos daiZaxa - `buZem!!!~ da
Rvino arayiviT Caicala stomaqSi.
darbazis meore mxares moqeife qarTvel oficerTa sufrasTan
ar wydeboda grZeli qarTuli
sadRegrZeloebi... sasmelma Tavisi gaitana da Seqeifebuli oficrebi xumrobis xasiaTze daayena.
Tumca rusebis damokidebuleba
qarTvelTa mimarT ar yofila keTilganwyobili. erTi qarTveli
oficeri Tavisi wodebisda Sesaferisad gamoiyureboda da dinji
Canda, Tavis ZlevamosilebaSi darwmunebuli. mali-mal mzeras darbazis meore mxares mjdom aseve
misi wodebis rus oficers esroda xolme da drogamoSvebiT didi
karis Tavze dakidebul Zvel Cu-
v[jkjl
v[jkjl
ity thsc=
qurTmebian saaTs misCereboda. saaTma sul raRac 10 wuTis win cxrajer Camoreka sidarbaisliT mJReri
zarebi. darbazis TeTrad SeRebil
kedlebze ucnobi mxatvrebis tiloebi ekida. darbazis siRrmes firosmanis freskebi amSvenebda. sxvebisgan gamorCeuli zomiT yvelaze
didi tilo, sadac saqeifo scena
iyo daxatuli, darbazis marcxena
kedlis naxevars faravda iq, sadac
scena iyo da scenis erT kuTxeSi
daqiravebuli orkestri ijda.
orkestris TiToeuli wevri frakebSi, TeTr perangebsa da bafTebSi
saTuTad gamowyobilni Tvals ar
acilebdnen diriJoris TiToeul
mkveTr moZraobas da mTeli gulisyuriT elodebodnen miniSnebas, raTa
yuradRebidan ar gamoparvodaT TiToeuli taqti, TiToeuli CarTva
da TiToeuli tembris gadasvlebi.
orkestris musikosebs Soris yvelaze
xanSi Sesuli diriJori iyo, xolo
axalgazrda - mevioline, romelsac
kargad movlil Sarvalsa da koxtad
momdgar frakze etyoboda, rom zedmetad unda yofiliyo mowesrigebuli,
an mosiyvarule coli hyoloda. pianisti Tavis katuniT jer roialis
Sav-TeTr klaviSebs metis yuradRebiT daacqerda, TiTqos raRac eucxovao, mere ki mzera darbazisaken gadaitana, sadac TavisTavad oficrobis
gamalebul Wama-smas da qeif-Rreobas waawyda. kerZebiT savse TefSebi
xelidan xelSi gadadioda.
rusma oficerma RviniT savse Wiqa xelSi aswia da rusulad ramdenime sityviT rusT xelmwifis sadidebeli Sesva. misma dostebmac mibaZes Tanameinaxes da savaldebulo
sadidebeli didi RrianceliT aitaces. Sesves Tu ara, orkestrs ruseTis imperiis himnis Sesruleba mosTxoves. diriJorma orkestrs niSani misca da darbazSi ruseTis himnic
gaisma. qarTvel oficerTa gamosajavreblad Sesrulebul himns rusi samxedroebi didi ovaciiT Sexvdnen. amiT mianiSnes laRad moqeife
qarTvel mamuliSvilebs, rom saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiaSi Semaval
gubernias warmoadgens da sul amaoa Tqveni SemarTebao.
qarTvelma oficrebma erTmaneTs
gadaxedes, TiTqos erTmaneTis TvalebSi gamosavals eZebeno, situaciidan gamosavali ki ar Canda, radgan
saqarTvelos himni ar arsebobda.
raRa darCenodaT, rusebis gamowvevaze uari unda eTqvaT da TavianTi
erovnuli siamaye daeTrgunaT. magram
uceb qarTvelebis sufridan poruCikis samxreebiani brge qarTveli axalgazrda aznauri wamodga da mTel
darbazs mWeqare xmiT saqarTvelos
sadidebeli SesTavaza. mxolod axla SeamCnies darbazSi msxdomebma,
rom igi gamorCeuli aRnagobis vaJkaci yofiliyo. saubris dros saxeze
ciuri gamoxatuleba exata. TeTri
kbilebi, didroni Savi Tvalebi, moxdenili tani, keTilSobili gamoxedva
da aristokratiuli manerebi hqonda.
misi daxvewili logika xazs usvamda mis erudicias. poruCikis samxreebianma qarTvelma sasmeli mTlianad dascala, mis ufrosTan mivida,
mxedruli salami misca da Semdeg
orkestrisaken gaswia da mas saqarTvelos himnis Sesruleba sTxova.
restoranSi samariseburma siCumem daisadgura. brge qarTvelma Tvali amayad gadaavlo darbazs. igi
Tavisi rainduli gulmowyalebiT
umzerda im adamianebs, visac aserigad usazRvrod sZulda igi.
saxe moeRrubla ymawvils. rusma
oficerma mtruli mzera esrola
qarTvels, magram mRelvareba ar SeimCnia. saxeze Tavdajerebuli da mbrZanebluri ieri aRbeWdoda amayi da
gamomwvevi gamoxedviT. misi Tavxedoba
kidev ufro gaaZliera qarTvelis
keTilSobilurma simSvidem. miuxedavad imisa, rom zomaze metad ganieri mundiri ecva, mainc cdilobda
ufro gaewia tanze. perangis Rilebi TiTebis Cqari moZraobiT Seixsna. ramdenime nabiji gadadga, TandaTan saxeze sruliad Seicvala, brazmoreulis nakvTebi daeWima da kbilebi
daaxrWiala. rusebi dabneuli uyu-
rebdnen erTi-meores da avismomaswavebel siCumeSi `brZolis~
dawyebas wuTi-wuTze elodnen.
orkestris musikosebmac cnobismoyvare Tvalebi Seaceces erTmaneTs. miuxedavad imisa, rom darbazSi sakmaod Tbiloda, meviolines
civad Seakankala da violino muxlebze Camoucocda, saqsofonistsac
mousvenroba daetyo, melot Tavze
oflma daasxa da SeSinebuli aqeTiqiT iyureboda. marTalia pensne
ekeTa da saTvalis minaze sinaTlis
sxivi irekleboda, magram es dabneuli momenti daiWira pianistmac
da isic SiSma aitana. diriJorma
is-is iyo estradidan Camosvla
daapira, Tumca maleve gadaifiqra,
iqneb rogorme situacia ganvmuxtoo. orkestris wevrebs man moulodnelad raRac gadaulaparaka,
wamiT SeCerda, yvela musikoss saTiTaod gadaxeda, darwmunda, rom yvela mzad iyo da darbazSi qarTuli melodiis hangebic gaisma:
`mxolod Sen erTs,
rac rom CemTvis
mouZRvnia maRlidan RmerTs siyvaruli, sixaruli,
mxolod Sen erTs,
mxolod Sen erTs~...
qarTveloba fexze wamoiWra.
cremlCamdgari Tvalebi Wers miapyres da orkestris melodias SeurTdnen:
`visurvebdi, vyofiliyav
siyvarulis SemaerTad,
cxovrebaSi sikvdilamde
SenTan erTad, SenTan erTad~
ise mRerodnen, rogorc himns,
himns mSobliuri qveynis sadideblad, ise mRerodnen, rogorc arasdros, rogorc orfeosi mistiur
himnebSi imRerebda. TiTqmis yvelas
Jruantelma dauara, TiTqos yvelas sisxli auduRdaT ZarRvebSi.
erTmaneTis miyolebiT fexze wamoudgnen saqarTvelos ugvirgvino himns rusebi, is rusebi ase
RvarZliT rom uyurebdnen qarTvelobas da axla am didebulma
hangebma kacuri keTilSobileba
gaaRviZa maTSi.
aRar ibRvireboda is rusic,
sasiamovno Rimili gadahkroda saxeze da TviTonac TavgamodebiT
mReroda himns. didebuli sanaxavi iyo darbazi. musikosebis damfrTxali saxeebi axla usazRvro
sixarulsa da erovnul siamayes
gaeciskrovnebina. moxuc diriJors
bevrgan udiriJorebia orkestrisaTvis, magram aseTi warmateba arsad rgunebia, aseTi siamovneba arc
erTi koncertidan ar ganucdia
da ase bednieri arc erTi nawarmoebis Sesrulebisas ar yofila,
rogorc axla.
rus oficers daeviwyebina ramdenime wuTis win momxdari uTanxmoeba da Tavi mSvidad eWira.
mopirdapire mxares mjdoms xeliT
raRac aniSna da RviniT savse Wiqas
miswvda da sulmouTqmelad gamoscala saqarTvelos sadidebeli.
samzareulodan odnav SeRebili
karidan erTmaneTis miyolebiT Tavi
gamoyves mzareulebma. karis zRurblTan gakvirvebuli saxiT restornis mepatrone gamogogmanda
sakmaod mozrdili RipiTa da gaxSirebuli sunTqviT, romelsac jerac ver gaego, ra xdeboda. etyoboda, rom iafad hqonda nayidi
`madaTovis~ restorani.
brge qarTveli oficeri sufras gamoeyo da orkestris wevrebs
SeuerTda. misma Zlierma xmam da
SesaniSnavma leqsma erTi-orad gaaZliera darbazis ganwyobileba. daZabuli mdgomareoba mxiarulma
ovaciebma Secvala. darbazi gugunebda.
tkbili melodia Cia darajis
sulSiac CaiRvara. masac naTlad
daetyo, rom sevdiani saxe Rimilnarevi gamometyvelebiT Seecvala.
moTeTro finiamac cqvita yurebi
da namZinarevi Tvalebi Senobis
kars miapyro.
tramvaim isev daarRvia Ramis
siCume xidze, an romelime napirze
CaxriginebiT.
m. beJaniSvili
4
1. saxelmwifo
simbolikebis
originaloba,
TviTmyofadobis
srulmomcveloba
da ganumeorebloba
sadReisod saxelmwifosa da samSoblos cnebebi rom erTmaneTisgan
gansxvavdeba, amas kamaTi aRar sWirdeba. maTi radikaluri gamijvna TviT
arsSi da formaSi meoce saukunem
saukeTesod daamtkica Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi. zogadi SinaarsiT, rac sanimuSoa, es sityvebi
identurni arian. odesRac isini
marTlac sinonimebi iyo da es maSin, roca samSoblos patron-myvarebeli hyavda, romelic qmnida saxelmwifos, samefos Tu imperias
samSoblos sapatronod. yvela saxelmwifoebrivi struqtura eris samsaxurSi iyo Camdgari. saxelmwifoebrioba samSoblos keTildReobisa da damoukideblobis, Tavdacvisunarianobisa da sagareo urTierTobaTa warmarTvis instituts
warmoadgenda, instituts, romelic
organulad moZravi da moqnili
Sesxeulebuli abstraqtuli realoba iyo. Seicvala era, sakacobrio civilizaciam da msoflio
axalma, ase vTqvaT, pragmatulma azrovnebam ukana planze gadaswia samSoblos cneba, samagierod saxelmwifoebriobas umTavres da SeiZleba iTqvas erTaderT Rirebulebad dausaxa demokratiuli principebi,zogadi lozungebisa da doqtrina-direqtivebis saxiT. arian aqtivistebi, romlebic yvelafers akeTeben da kadruloben demokratiis
droSiT, Tundac demokratiuli eiforiisTvis, iqamde, daukrefavSic gadadian.
am statiis mizani araa detalizeba demokratizmis demonurobisa. mTavaria, rom saxelmwifo da
samSoblo erTmaneTs gaemijna. arada, pirveli qarTuli konstituciiT saxelmwifos daniSnuleba eris
winaSe TvalnaTliv iyo gansazRvruli - `xelmwifeba ekuTvnis mTels
ers, parlamenti (anu saxelmwifos
mTavari atributi, - m.k.) am konstituciis farglebSi axorcielebs
eris xelmwifebas” (52-e muxli).
es muxlic iseve qaRaldisTvis
gankuTvnili gaxda, rogorc mTeli
konstitucia da arc parlamenti
da arc mTavroba arafers akeTebda,
raTa daecva maT mierve deklarirebuli konstituciuri wyoba. Jordanias xelisuflebam veRarc saxelmwifo gadaarCina da veRarc
samSoblo, mxolod gaqceviT uSvela sakuTar Tavs da es maSin, roca
kojorTan da tabaxmelasTan qarTulma armiam gamanadgurebeli dartyma miayena rsfsr me-11 armias. es
niSnavs imas, rom saxelmwifo moxelem miatova mis mierve Seqmnili
saxelmwifo, rac misi konstituciuri movaleoba iyo nebismieri
xerxiT daecva saxelmwifo, laparaki aRaraa samSobloze.
ususuri xar?
maSin me aseTi ususuri saxelmwifo ar minda, samSoblo ki daelodeba ukeTes momavals, raTa Seni
ususurobiT moyenebuli Wrilobebi Seixorcos, erTi sityviT samSoblo daelodeba Zlier xels, mwife xels, xelmwifeba rom ganaxorcielos samSobloze da im pirveli konstituciis 52-e muxli
cxovrebaSi gaataros erisa da samSoblos sasikeTod.
am lodinSi mTeli 69-70 weli
gavida.
dRes-dReobiT saxelmwifo aris
(araTu mxolod saqarTvelo) samSoblos tanisamosSi morTul-mokazmuli simaxinje, saqarTveloSi
ki amasTan erTad monstri da davadebaa. Tu sxvagan simaxinjis galamazeba da gaefeqtureba SesaZlebelia, CvenSi es daavadeba eris sasikvdilo sneulebad iqca.
simaxinjeo, - vambob da yuradRebis gamaxvileba msurs swored im
tanisamosze, romliTac gamowyobilia es abrundi labirinTi. nebismier saxelmwifos da maT Soris
saqarTvelosac gaaCnia Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi simbolikebi, riTac isini warsdgebian msofliosa
da erTmaneTis winaSe. bunebrivia,
maT mimarT sagangebod specifikuri moTxovnebi arsebobs da isini
unda akmayofilebdes am moTxovnebs. formiT, SinaarsiT, struqturuli wyobiT, xarisxiT, mReradobiT, xilvadobiT da sxva atributebiTa da niSnebiT isini unda iyvnen originalurni, eris TviTmyofadobis yovelmxriv gamomxatvelni, ganumeorebelni da srulmomcvelni ubraloebamde. am simbolikebs
droSa, Rerbi da himni hqvia (es
ukanaskneli TavisTavad ori komponentisgan Sedgeba- leqsisagan da
musikisagan).
principi am simbolikebis Seqmnisa aris calsaxad naTeli - igi
unda iyos advilad dasamaxsovrebeli, advilad aRqmadi da rac mTavaria igi SeTavsebadi unda iyos
samSoblos raobasTan da Seefardos samSoblos fenomens, anu mis
eTnoss, istorias, kulturas, geografiul mdebareoba-kuTvnilebas, yovel individualur Taviseburebas,
konkretulad romeliRac religiur kuTvnilebas, Tu sxvadasxva kon-
fesiaTa erTobliv saaRmsareblo
sferos. simbolika sxva ara unda
iyos ra, Tu ara samSoblos gansaxiereba. amitomac unda vcemdeT pativs maT, amitom unda vicodeT da
veTayvanebodeT maT ise, rogorc samSoblos, mogvwons igi Tu ara.
mowonebas rac Seexeba, is eris
yoveli warmomadgenlis niuansebs
unda atarebdes, radgan ki ar unda
mogvwondes isini, aramed unda miviRoT, rogorc sakuTari, vinaidan es
simbolikebi TavisTavadobaSi ar unda warmoSobdnen gaucxoebis instinqts. isini ar fasdebian im kriteriumebiT, rogorc Sefasdeba, magaliTad, romeliRac poetis leqsi,
mxatvris - naxati, Tu kompozitoris - musikaluri nawarmoebi. konkretuli nawarmoebi droSi moqmedi Semoqmedebaa, is SeiZleba miiRo,
an ar miiRo, moiwono an daiwuno,
moiwono dRes da daiwuno xval
(an piriqiT), mibaZo an ar mibaZo mas,
man SeiZleba gavlena iqonios momdevno Taobebis Semoqmedebaze, an
ar iqonios aranairi gavlena, SeiZleba icnobdes, icodes da afasebdes mas sazogadoebis raRac nawili, xolo raRac nawilma ki SeiZleba misi arseboba saerTodac ar
icodes da ase Semdeg.
xolo himni, droSa da Rerbi
mxatvruli Semoqmedeba araa savsebiT, misi bukvaluri mniSvnelobiT,
Tundac maT kulturisa da xelovnebis esa Tu is warmomadgeneli
qmnides. is droSi maradiulia. yvela
epoqaSi himni, droSa da Rerbi unda atarebdes samSoblosa da saxelmwifos sinTezs. mxolod saxelmwifoebriv mowyobas Seaqvs
cvlilebebi maTSi. arc Janrobrivi
mravalferovnebiT gamoirCevian isini.
Tu romeliRac mocemuli nawarmoebi SeiZleba iyos maJorul tonalobaSi Sesrulebuli, aseve minoruli ganwyobac JRerdes, iumorSi,
dramaSi Tu tragediaSi; romaniT,
moTxrobiT Tu noveliT; eposiT,
poemiT Tu leqsiT iyos gawyobili,
Tu gadawyvetili igi, saxelmwifo
simbolikebi Tavis TavSi unda atarebdes saodo-saxotbo ganwyobilebas,
isini unda iqnen gadawyvetilni zebrwyinvalebis rangSi da maTSi unda ikiTxebodes araTu siuJeti, aramed mdgradi maradiuloba. TavisTavad dasaSvebia saxelmwifoebrivi ideologiis gamJRavneba simbolikebis meSveobiT, radgan TviT simbolikebs TavianTi alegoriuli ena
gaaCniaT, rac yvelgan konkretuli
sagnis, Tu movlenis aRmniSvnelia.
TiToeuli niuansuri niSani raRacaze metyvelebs da igi SemTxeviT
ar daitaneba simbolikaze, asea lamazi
da mitomo, an carieli adgilis
Sesavsebad mivaxate da igi mas uxdebao, an proporciebis dasacavad erT
mxareze rom isea, meorezec iseve
unda iyoso, an ferTa Sexameba ase
ukeTesia da ara iseo. TviT fersac
ki Taviseburi daniSnuleba gaaCnia
yvela erSi, radgan esa Tu is feri
Tu ferebi, adamianTa garkveuli jgufisaTvis gacilebiT xSiradaa TvalsawierSi moxvedrili, vidre romeliRac sxva feri, Tu ferebi. am
formulirebiT simbolizebulia
ferTa palitris Sexameba da mocemulia eris alegoriuli saxe ferebSi gadawyvetili, radgan erebis kuTvnilebad dgindeba maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli ferebi da yvelaferi es
gamoisaxeba saxelmwifoebriv simbolikebze. yvela feri, yvela detali maTi ganlagebisdamixedviT aucileblad samSoblosa da saxelmwifos yvela moTxovnas unda pasuxobdes, xolo ra moTxovna aqvs
samSoblosa da saxelmwifos, erTis
mxriv istoriiT, kulturiT, eTnosiT, religiiT, geografiiT da sxv.
RirebulebebiT ganisazRvreba, meores
mxriv ki konstituciiTa da sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT.
saqarTvelosac hqonda da gaaCnia
analogiuri simboloebi, oRond sxvadasxva droSi da epoqebSi isini
TavisTavad icvlebodnen rogorc
Sinaarsobrivad, aseve gamosaxulebiTi formebiTac. erTi dauwereli
kanoni moqmedebs maT mimarT. esa
Tu is, ama Tu im droisa da epoqis
simbolikebi met-naklebad an ar pasuxobdnen samSoblosa Tu saxelmwifos moTxovnebs, da mosaxleobaSi isini myarad iyvnen damkvidrebulni, an kidev absoluturad gaucxoebulni simbolikad rCebodnen kanonisdamixedviT, magram eri
maT mimarT indiferenturad iyo
ganwyobili. aseTTa ricxvSi Sedioda upirvelesad 1918-21 wlebis
pirveli qarTuli respublikis himni da droSa, mogvianebiT (es ukve
XX saukunis miwuruls – erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis
aRmavlobis Jams) saqarTvelos ssr
simbolikebic. droTa msvlelobaSi bagratovanTa simbolikebic.
2. qarTuli droSa
qarTuli simbolikebidan yvelaze uxvad warmodgenilia qarTuli
droSebi - samefo droSa iqneboda
es Tu samTavroebis. agreTve saqarTvelos samive respublikas TavianTi droSebi gaaCnda. dRes-dReobiT
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo droSad
miCneulia xuTjvriani droSa TeTr alamze gamosaxulia erTi
didi jvari, romelic alams oTx
tol nawilad yofs, xolo TiToe-
qarTuli abrundi
anu oriod sityva Cveni simbolikebis Sesaxeb
ul meoTxedSi proporciulad gadanawilebulia oTxi patara jvari. maT aqvs bolnisis jvris forma (igive wminda giorgis jvris
forma wreSi Casmis gareSe). jvrebi wiTeli ferisaa. ai, aRweriloba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo droSisa
proporciebis (santimetrebis) warmoudgenlad, rasac meorexarisxovani mniSvneloba gaaCnia.
TiTqosda miuRebeli amaSi araferia - miTumetes maSin, roca igi
gorgaslian-daviTian droSad aris
miCneuli da erTiani saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo droSad iTvleboda da
misgan iyo nawarmoebi qarTul samTavro-samefoebis droSebi (ferTa
sxvadasxvaobis gaTvaliswinebiT).
1801 wlis Semdeg oficialurad
Ees droSa saxelmwifosTan erTad
istoriis kuTvnileba gaxda, vidre
2004 wlamde. saqarTvelos pirvelma respublikam ugulebelhyo
ra bagratovanTa droSa (da Rerbic), Seqmna respublikuri SinaarsisTvis damaxasiaTebeli droSa.
qveynis pirveli konstituciis meoTxe muxlSi mokled aRwerili
iyo saxelmwifo heraldika: `saqarTvelos respublikis droSa
aris - Svindis feri alami Savi da
TeTri zoliTa. saqarTvelos respublikis Rerbi aris TeTri giorgi Svidi mnaTobiT”.
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobisTanave mitingebsa da demonstraciebze e.w. Jordaniaseuli droSebis gverdiT aqa-iq
gamoCnda gorgaslian-daviTiani droSac. igi imTaviTve iqca imxanad
axladCamoyalibebuli konservatiul-monarqistuli partiis droSad. gamodioda bukletebi da broSurebi bagratovanTa simbolikebze. saqarTvelos mesame respublikam ki Tavis simbolikebad airCia
pirveli respublikis saxelmwifo
droSa (ukritikod), himni (esec ukritikod, mcireodeni gaorkestrebuli saxesxvaobiT) da Rerbic
(esec ukritikod, oRond igi Casmuli iqna jvrebiTa da ornamentebiT
mooWvil Svidqimian varskvlavSi).
ase Tu ise, erTis SexedviT axali
respublika Tavisi Soreuli winamorbedis memkvidre gaxda.
imxanad sakmaod xmamaRla saubrobdnen monarqiis aRdgenaze erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis
liderebs Soris da sanam `mrgvali magida” arCevnebSi gaimarjvebda,
bevrs egona, rom qveyanaSi momwifebulia idea monarqiisaa. periodul
gamocemebSi ibeWdeboda italiel
da espanel bagrationTa biografiuli cnobebi. amdenad samefo droSebi sul ufro xSirad Cndeboda
mitingebsa da manifestaciebze. erovnuli moZraobis zviadis frTa mtkiced da myari nabijebiT midioda
xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosasvlelad. vinaidan monarqistuli partia
aRmoCnda zviadis banakSi erovnuli forumis datovebis Semdeg, bevrs
eWvi aRar epareboda monarqiis aRdgenaSi. am mosazrebas amyarebda konstantine gamsaxurdias konservatiuli mrwamsi, rasac, varaudiT, misi
Svili yvelafers aRasrulebda. magram zviadi da saqarTvelo sxva
gziT wavidnen. kuluarebSi zviadis miznebis realuri monaxazis
Setyobam gaanawyena monarqistuli
partia da isini arCevnebamde ramdenime TviT adre gamoeyven `mrgvali magidis” politikur bloks.
erTi xani mosaxleobis romantiuli aRtkineba, vidre uzenaesi sabWos pirveli mowvevis pirveli sesia Catardeboda, mainc grZeldeboda. swored im pirvel sesiaze miRebulma gadawyvetilebebma saxelmwifo simbolikebis Sesaxeb, gafanta (yovel SemTxvevaSi karga xniT)
eWvebi - sxdomaTa darbazSi pompezurobiT Semoitanes e.w. Jordaniaseuli droSa himnis TanxlebiT.
droSa, iseve rogorc himni, ar
akmayofilebda srulmomcvelobiT
samSoblos aRqmis grZnobas, magram
vinaidan igi warmoadgenda istoriul Rirebulebas, amisaTvis maT
mieniWa upiratesoba sxva simbolikebTan SedarebiT. samagierod es simbolikebi savsebiT esadageboda respublikis farglebSi moqceuli saqarTvelos warmosaxviT gaazrebas
mistiur rangSi.
es iyo da es.
droSaSi ar ikiTxeboda saqarTvelo mTeli Tavisi sulieri sawyisiTa da potenciuri siZlieriT.
ferebic ki qarTuli bunebisTvis
ucxo iyo - srulad Svindisferi
Savi da TeTri zolebiT. kompoziciurad Savi da TeTri ar unda
yofiliyo zolebi, isini dominirebuli ferebi unda yofiliyo droSaze. gamoricxuli iyo lazares
feri, igive graalis feri, igive andria pirvelwodebulis feri e.i.
zeciuri naTlis feri - cis-feri.
amadac SecdomiT ewodeba Jordaniaseul droSas samferovani, radgan
Tavisi SinaarsiT sityva `samferovani” - niSnavs erTi sibrtyis did
farTobze ganawilebul sam sxvadasxva fers. am SemTxvevaSi ki dominanti feri iyo Svindisferi (anu
revoluciis) feri, sisxlis feri,
romelsac marcxena kuTxeSi datanebuli hqonda zemodan Savi da
SuaSi moqceuli TeTri zolebi.
es istoriulad qceuli qarTuli
droSa ver iqneboda, verc aRqmiT
aRiqvamda qarTveli kaci samSoblos am droSis meSveobiT. da mainc saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis droSa iyo igi da imiT iyo
es umjobesi bolSevikebis droSaze,
rom am droSis qveS naklebad aRiqva qarTvelma erma gadagvarebisa da
gadaSenebis vaeba. am droSam asociaciiT warmoSva damoukideblobis
aRdgenis keTilSobili idea, nostalgia gardasul Tavisuflebaze,
am ideisaTvis da am tkbil-mware
grZnobebisaTvis Tavganwirul gmirTa da zvarakad SewirulTa sulTa
sadidebeliT dagvirgvinebuli. amas
moaswavebda zviadis mier srulad
aRdgenili Jordaniaseuli respublikis simbolikebi.
raRac winaTgrZnobiT imave dRes,
ra dResac uzenaesma sabWom aRadgina pirveli respublikis simbolikebi saxelmwifo simboloebad,
gulSi daibada azri imisa, rom zviadsac iseve xom ar elis mcire
xanSi samSoblodan gadageba, rogorc Jordanias?! es fiqri rom
ibadeboda 1990 wlis 28 noembers,
marTalia, aravin icoda, ra moxdeboda momdevno wlis bolos, magram
gumani albaTobiT uSvebda istoriis am SesaZlo ganmeorebasac.
sworedac ganmeorda da ufro
mZafr da tragikul formebSi da
elvis uswrafesad. SevardnaZem Caibara orgzis damarcxebuli respublikis droSa, TumcaRa arc SevardnaZes daayara ukeTesi dRe am
magiurad dawyevlilma simbolikebma.
me mxedvelobaSi ara maqvs mogeba
Tu wageba, me vgulisxmob gamarjveba-damarcxebas. gamarjvebiTYqarTvel
ers aRar gaumarjvnia, damarcxebiT
ki ramdenic gnebavs - samaCablo,
afxazeTi, TviT qarTveli kaci, qarTuli ojaxi, axalgazrdoba... da
jeri SevardnaZezec midga. iyo Tu
ar iyo revolucia, gaTamaSebuli
iyo Tu ara roqi mefesa da etls
Soris, sxva sakiTxia, magram am droSis qveS damdgari SevardnaZe eris
siZulviliT wavida politikuri
scenidan. manamde ki man moaswro
axali saxelmwifoebrivi simbolikebis Semqmneli komisiis Camoyalibeba, romelmac rekomendacia gauwia
saqarTvelos parlaments saqarTvelos himnad daemtkicebinaT melodia
zaqaria faliaSvilis operidan `daisi” (aria gundisa da solistebis
TanxlebiT `kiazos mimarTva xalxisadmi”) gadamuSavebuli kompozitor
ioseb keWeymaZis mier.
etyoboda, SevardnaZe grZnobda
Jordaniseuli simbolikebis damTrgunvel Zalas, amdenad mas surda
politikuri TamaSebidan wasuliyo
axali simbolikebiT, magram ver moaswro. misi meored mosvlis Tormetwliani epoqa dasrulda mainc ZaladobiT da mainc im damRupveli
simbolikebis qveS, romlis mistiurma Zalmomreobamac daRupa misi
winamorbedebi. Svindisferis dominantma da `inisa da ianis” Cinuri
filosofiur-miTologiuri modelis Tavdayira dayenebulma asociaciam (e.i. Savi feri zemoT, TeTri
- qvemoT), bunebrivia negatiuri Sedegebi gamoiRo rogorc qveynisaTvis, aseve qveynis mmarTvelTaTvis.
marTalia Jordanias siRrmiseul
ganswavlulobas erovnul sakiTxebSi
ver moTxovdi, magram zviadi?..
3. qarTuli Rerbi
rogorc gorgaslian-daviTiani
droSa, aseve bagratovanTa samefo
Rerbic gauqmda saqarTvelos samefos gauqmebasTan erTad da mas Semdeg sul raRac orwelnaxevriani
pauzis gamoklebiT vimyofebodiT
jer orTaviani arwivis, Semdeg ki
puris TavTavebian rkalSemovlebulwarweriani (15 `moZme” enaze
`proletarebo yvela qveynisa SeerTdiT!”) Rerbebis qveS.
TavisTavad, Jordaniaseul respublikas gaaCnda Rerbic, droSasTan
da himnTan erTad - es iyo TeTri
giorgi Svidi mnaTobiT, rogorc
amas iuwyeboda pirveli konstituciis meoTxe muxli. iseve rogorc
droSas, Rerbsac aklda qarTuli
zne-Cveulebebisa da bunebis zogierTi atributi. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom igi iyo arasrulyofili, miuxedavad imisa, rom mxatvar ioseb
SarlemanTan erTad Rerbis SemuSavebaSi muSaobdnen iseTi didi istoriuli figurebi, rogoric iyvnen ivane javaxiSvili, eqvTime TayaiSvili, pavle ingoroyva da sxv.
respublikis saxelmwifoebrivma
wyobam da miTumetes marqsistulma
ideologiam ar misca gasaqani ioseb Sarlemans srulyofili qarTuli heraldika Seeqmna da albaT
mainc qarTuli simbolika qarTvelsave unda Seeqmna. gamocxadebul
konkursSi ki Sarlemanma gaimarjva
da arc Tu usafuZvlod. TeTri
giorgi warmoCenilia, rogorc gamarjvebuli, miqael mTavarangelo-
zis ipostasi. aq miTiuri haerovneba
sufevs da ikiTxeba misi yoveli
komponenti, rogorc misteriaTa
ilustracia, rameTu SarlemanisTvis saqarTvelo qristeSobamdeli,
SeiZleba iTqvas - warmarTuli qristianobis mistiuri savanea. amisi
realuri gansaxierebaa Svid mnaTobSi gamoyofili mzisa da mTvaris gazRaprebuli warmoCineba. TeTri giorgis ferxTiT damZimebuli
Savi mTa haerovnebisa da erTianobis kontrasts warmoSobs. erTi
sityviT, rac aris gakeTebuli, kargadaa gakeTebuli, magram arasakmarisad. samagierod, rac aklda Sarlemaniseul Rerbs, srulad Seavso sabWoTa saqarTvelos Rerbma - qarTuli ornamenti, vazi da yurZnis mtevani, Svidqimiani varskvlavi.
unda iTqvas, rom sabWoTa imperiaSi Semaval respublikaTa simbolikebisagan absoluturad yvelasagan gamoirCeoda qarTuli Rerbica
da droSac, miuxedavad sabWouri
savaldebulo simbolikebisa - varskvlavi, namgali da uro, puris TavTavebi, amomavali (Tund amosuli,
da isic CrdiloeTidan) mze, warwera (`proletarebo yvela qveynisa,
SeerTdiT!”), qarTul RerbSi sagangebod iyo gaparuli Svidqimiani
varskvlavi, romelic wriulad Semortymul ornamentebSi iyo Camaluli. es maSin, roca Svidqimiani varskvlavi gamoxatulebaa qarTuli
misteriebisa, xolo am gamoxatulebis miwis pirisgan aRsagvelad Seqmnili iyo sabWoeTis imperia.
zviadis respublikam Sarlemaniseuli Rerbi, romelic Tavdapirvel variantSi wriuli xaziT mTavrdeboda, Casva Svidqimian varskvlavSi,
romelsac qimebis wamozrdamde wreSi
moqceuli wminda giorgiseuli jvrebi amSvenebda. es iyo da es. sxva
koreqtura Rerbs ar ganucdia.
Svidqimianma garSemowerilobam metad metyveli gaxada Rerbi, TumcaRa esec ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos
srulyofilebis nimuSad, radgan Tu
ar ganicdida koreqturas Sarlemaniseuli kompozicia da mas ar daemateboda aucilebeli atributika,
rac qarTul individualur bunebaze imetyvelebda, ris Sesaxebac
saubrobdnen merab kostava da zviad
gamsaxurdia (mxedvelobaSi maqvs saqarTvelos sulieri misiis Sesaxeb),
Rerbi ver gaxdeboda sruliad saqarTvelos sulieri sakuTreba.
miuxedavad Rerbis gareformis
gamdidrebisa, masac gaaCnda damTrgunvelad damRupveli Zala, rogorc
es droSasTan mimarTebaSi zemoT
ukve iTqva, radgan Rerbis principi
Tavidan bolomde ucvleli darCa.
albaT qarTulma simbolikebma aseTi uaryofiTi energia aiRes swored Jordanias menSevikuri mTavrobis ugulobisagan, - da albaT
raRac satanuri elementebi, datanebuli eqneboda maT.
5
am mxriv es simbolikebi safuZvlianad arian Sesaswavlni.
4. qarTuli himni
bevrs arafers vityvi pirvel qarTul himnze, radgan umTavresad isic
Jordaniaseulia, isic RerbiviT da
droSasaviT ukritikod gadmotanil
iqna gamsaxurdiaseuli uzenaesi sabWos mier saqarTvelos mesame respublikis himnad, oRond kapelasaTvis Sesasruleblad dawerili musika damoukideblobis gzaze damdgarma saqarTvelos mesame respublikam gaaorkestra, rac msoflio
moTxovnebs Seusabama. erTi ki unda
iTqvas, kote focxveraSvilis teqsti da simRera, romelsac saqarTvelos himni ewoda, ar iyo ualternativo. rodesac saubaria saqarTvelos himnis realur konkurentebze, aq arCevani uamravia. aseTi melodiebi Jordanias drosac iyo da
gamsaxurdias drosac. upirvelesi
konkurenti am himnisa, romelic marTlac SeiZleboda CaTvliliyo
ualternativod rogorc pirveli,
aseve danarCeni respublikebis drosac, esaa simRera - `samSoblo, samSoblo, Cemo lamazo!”.
vinc kote focxveraSvilis himnis Sesaxeb araferi icoda, mas, bunebrivia, es melodia egona saqarTvelos himnad da arc Tu usafuZvlod. es musika pirwmindad qarTuli suliskveTebiTaa Seqmnili,
qarTuli musikaluri tradiciebis sruli dacviT, - da igi saqarTvelos himnad ar miiRes im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom melodiis
meore nawili, anu nawarmoebis mTavari Tema ar jdeboda sahimno parametrebSi. igi rTuli Sesasrulebeli nawilia da melodikiTac
instrumentaluri SesrulebisTvis
SeuTavsebeli masalaa da mxolod
sagundo Sesrulebas moiTxovs. rac
Seexeba uvertiuras, igi imdenad moklea, rom mas veranairi simfoniuri
damuSaveba ver gazrdis ise, rom
sul mcire ori kupleti da erTi
misamReri Caitios Tavis TavSi.
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobisas yovel Sekrebaze himnis nacvlad, anu araoficialur himnad asrulebdnen revaz
laRiZis simReras ilia WavWavaZis
teqstze - `Cemo kargo qveyanav”.
yvelas egona, rom es iqneboda saqarTvelos momavali himni, magram am
SemTxvevaSic Jordaniaseulma himnma
miiRo aSkara da uprecedento upiratesoba. bevrma es teqsti da simRera pirvelad mxolod misi saxelmwifo himnad gamocxadebis dRes moismina. iqamde teqstic, simRerisa
ar iyos, uRimRamo da saqarTvelosTvis Seuferebeli iyo. (Nota bene:
amas winaT, es maSin, roca jer kidev
kote focxveraSvilis teqsti da
musika saqarTvelos himnad iTvleboda, movismine germaniis himni. igi,
bunebrivia, `horst vesseli~ an kaizeruli germaniis himni ar iqneboda, arc germaniis demokratiuli
respublikisa. uTuod federaciuli
germaniis himni iqneboda. es ki ar
vici, es himni berlinis kedelis
dangrevamdec iyo germaniis federaciuli respublikis himni, Tu
germaniebis gaerTianebis Semdeg Seiqmna?! amas ara aqvs mniSvneloba, -
aq erTi TvalSi sacemi msgavseba
davinaxe am himnsa da saqarTvelos
pirvel himns Soris. drois faqtori
rom ara, vifiqrebdi romeliRac qveynis plagiatorobaze, es maSin, roca
arc germanias sWirs raime saplagiatoro da arc saqarTvelos TavianTi potencialisa da monacemebis
mixedviT. uxeiro Tua erTisTvis,
meoresaTvis analogiuri melodia
ver iqneboda xeiriani). amis Semdegac ar wydeboda sinanuli imisa,
rom saqarTvelo ukeTesi himnis Rirsia, - da SevardnaZis meored mosvlis miwuruls gaimarTa konkursi
da amadac ucnauri - Catarda konkursi musikaluri nawarmoebis SesarCevad, yovelgvari teqstis darTvis gareSe, mSralad mxolod melodia.
vidre konkursis Sesaxeb vityode,
msurs erTi aucilebeli miniSneba
gavakeTo: mTelma saqarTvelom, yovel
SemTxvevaSi saSvidnoembro da sapirvelmaiso demonstraciebze gamosulebma da am paradebis tele, Tu, ase
vTqvaT, cocxlad mayureblebma saukeTesod ician revaz laRiZisa da
petre bagration-gruzinskis `himni
partias”. Turme, Tavdapirveli variantiT es leqsi yofila araTu dideba partiisadmi da leninisadmi, aramed
udavod maRal-patriotuli grZnobis nawarmoebi.
ai isic:
`roca mogvixmobs samSoblo,
agugundeba mTa-bari,
mamuls Seswiros sicocxle,
yvela Cvengani mzad aris.
Tamaris naTeliT qarTveli
eri suliT brwyindeba,
marad win viaroT,
mermisi ukeTes dRes gvpirdeba,
samSoblos momavals
vumReroT dideba,
dideba samSoblos,
samSoblos dideba!
farad davdgebiT, samSoblov,
Sens cas da miwas davicavT,
Tavisufleba mamulis,
gulze gveweros saficrad.
uSreti mxneobiT qarTveli
eri suliT brwyindeba,
marad win viaroT,
mermisi ukeTes dRes gvpirdeba,
samSoblos momavals
vumReroT dideba,
dideba samSoblos,
samSoblos dideba!”
Tu ilias leqsi sahimnod imisTvis iqna dawunebuli, rom iq saubari iyo `awmyo Tu ara gwyalobso”,
aq paTosi Zalzed maRalia. Tu iliaseuli leqsis laRiZis simRera
swored rom araoficialuri himnia
saqarTvelosi, Tavisi siRrme-siZlieriT petre gruzinskiseuli laRiZisave simRera msoflios nebismier
saxelmwifos daamSvenebda.
amdenad, konkursamde ar unda misuliyo saqme da iseT konkursamde, sadac saxelmwifoebrivi simbolikis
sahimno komponents erTmaneTisagan gancalkevebulad arCeven: jer musikas
da Semdeg musikaze dasadeb teqsts.
swored aseTi ukuRmarTi himni
aqvs dRes saqarTvelos, miuxedavad
zaqaria faliaSvilis SesaniSnavi
musikisa, sadac faliaSviliseuli
mxolod Temaa darCenili kiazosi,
ase vTqvaT, oratoriidan –
`mtersa urjulos, Tavxedsa,
gadmoulaxavs baria,
gauTelia jejili,
dauwvavs ezo-karia”
Semdeg Secvlili tonaloba igive Temisa amaRlebulia –
`nu davTmobT Tavisuflebas
Cveni cocxali TaviTa,
adgeba xalxi guladi,
Tavis Zlieri mklaviTa~
da mTeli sahimno leitmotivi
gadmotanilia swored am Temis misamRerze:
`Tavisufleba dRes Cvengan
moiTxovs msxverplsa diadsa,
Cven Cvenis mklaviT SevmusravT,
karze momdgarsa wyvdiadsa.”
unda iTqvas, rom es musikaluri
Sis qveS saqarTvelom bevri gamarjveba izeima, jvriT daculia Cveni
eri magiuri zemoqmedebisgan, igi istoriuli bairaRia qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis. magram aq mainc
Cndeba erTi friad sayuradRebo
kiTxva:
aris ki is gorgaslian-daviTiani
droSa?
aRdgenilia igi ise, rogorc Tavdapirveli saxiT arsebobda?
rodesac es droSa pirvelad gamoCnda erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis wamyvan bairaRebs Soris, maSinve gamoiTqva mosazreba imis
Taobaze, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi droSa ar iqneboda mar-
Tema mTels operaSi bevrgan meordeba sxvadasxva konteqstiT, sxvadasxva tonalobaSi gadawyvetiT da
igi veramc da veramc ver iqneboda
mxolod sasimRero Tema, romansis
donezec ki, radgan masSi bevri sxva
CarTuli Temebia da rTuli ganStoebebia, raSic savsebiT dameTanxmebian araTu mxolod musikis specialistebi, aramed isinic, vinc erTxel mainc moismenen zaqaria faliSvilis `daiss”.
Cemis azriT uadgilobaa am oratoriis gamoyeneba saqarTvelos himnad, radgan TviTon es operaa saqarTvelos sulieri himni da mas saxelmwifoebrivi datvirTva mxolod
da mxolod daakninebda. daakninebda
swored is pirveli akordebi, romlebiTac iwyeba es e.w. himni. es akordebi sxva tonalobaSia gadawyvetili,
ZiriTadi musika ki sxvaSi. es igivea,
an ufro uaresi, vidre Sarlemaniseul Rerbs Svidqimiani varskvlavis CarCo. Svidqimianma varskvlavma
gaakeTilSobila raRaciT mainc is
Rerbi, am akordma ki sasacilo mdgomareobaSi Caayena faliaSvilis SesaniSnavi melodia. gegoneba himns
ki ar usmen, aramed zixar cirkis
arenaze da Jongliorebis, an akrobatebis nomrebis winaswarmauwyebel
samzadis hangebs ismen. amave dros
arafris momcemia es akordebi Semdeg ganviTarebuli melodiisaTvis.
bevrs emaxsovreba daviT gamrekelis mier simfoniuri orkestrisa
da saxelmwifo kapelis mier Sesrulebuli es simRera:
`sad ginaxavT aseTi
turfa mTa-bari,
an es zeca-firuzi
sxvagan sad ari,
an Tu sadme ginaxavT
TebervalSi vardebi,
Tovlis nacvlad
zambaxebiT daibardnebi.
zRapariviT tkbilia
mSobliuri mTa-bari
zeca ase firuzi,
arsad ar aris.
xarobs yvela yvavili,
mReris niavi,
aq xom yvela beRura
bulbuli aris,
mReris axal simReras,
SromaSia garTuli,
naomari da WaRara
miwa qarTuli”
Tu gadasakeTebeli iyo, gadaekeTebinaT teqsti an am simRerisTvis,
an rezo laRiZis `Cemo kargo qveynisaTvis”, an romelime patriotuli musikisaTvis.
erTi patara variaciac saqarTvelos dRevandeli himnis garSemo, rodesac Semsruleblebi finalze
gadadian, Zalauneburad maxsendeba faliaSviliseuli operis am oratoriis finali, sadac kiazo Tavis mimarTvas amTavrebs SoTa rusTavelis
ukvdavi sityvebiT -`sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa sikvdili saxelovani...” da mgonia, rom gundi, da mainc
operebSi gamowvrTnili gundi, romelsac xSirad uwevs am teqstisa da
musikis Sesruleba, SeeSlebaT da
daamRereben `dideba Tavisuflebas”
nacvlad swored - `sjooobs sico-cxle-sa naz-rax-saaa sikv-di-li
sa-a-xe-looo-va-a-niiii~-o.
ai, rac Seexeba teqsts am axladgamomcxvari himnisa, me masze sagangebod arafers vityvi, radgan amis
Sesaxeb bevri iTqva, bevrsac ityvian
da bevrsac axlac amboben. marto is
rad Rirs Sesafaseblad, rom visac
ar ezareba, yvela asworebs mas da es
gasworebuli teqsti gacilebiT ufro misaRebia, vidre arsebuli teqsti Tavisi uzustobebiT.
toden xuTjvriani. simbolurad igi
aucileblad cxrajvriani iqneboda da, ra Tqma unda, samferovani.
dRevandeli, ase vTqvaT, qarTuli
monarqiis da Semdeg saxelmwifos
droSa Tavisi principiTa da struqturiT oTxi patara jvris danarTis gamoklebiT (jvrebisa, romlebic
aseve Tavisi formiT axlos dgas
maltis jvarTan, vidre wminda giorgis bolnisiseul jvarTan, radgan es ukanaskneli wreSia Casmuli
da ise gamosaxeba) sruli analogiaa
1606 wels iakob I-is mier Seqmnili uniis pirveli droSisa, romelic inglisis mfarvel wminda giorgis jvars warmoadgenda. uniis es
droSa axlac gamoiyeneba inglisis
oficialur droSad. ismis bunebrivi kiTxva –
romeli qveyanaa am droSis patroni?
rodesac saubaria xuTjvrian
droSaze, zogierTi ambobs, rom es
5. pretenziebi
saxelmwifoebriv
danarCen
simbolikebis
mimarTac
ai, magaliTisaTvis, saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo droSa...
viTom yvelaferi rigzea, am dro-
Reisod msoflio xalxebSi svastikis
mimarT, Znelad warmosadgeni ar unda
iyos. amitom uadgilod da uRirsma
ar unda mokidos xeli iseT rames,
rac mkrexelobaa da meti araferi.
es arc siyvarulia eris, arc pativiscema jvris.
analogiur uxerxul mdgomareobaSi igdeben Tavs dRevandeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, rodesac pirwmindad daamaxinjes bagratovanTa sagvareulo da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo Rerbi.
jer araferi vTqvaT wminda giorgis gamosaxulebaze.
pirveli ararealoba or lomSi
mdgomareobs da yvelaze mTavarSi gvirgvinis gamosaxulebaSi. umTavresad heraldikis kanonis mixedviT lomi niSnavs mefur siZlieres,
xolo gvirgvini qveynis monarqiul
wyobas. evropaSi dRes-dReobiT romel qveyanaSic warmodgenilia qveynis patronad samefo saxli, yvela
im qveynis Rerbze gamosaxulia gvirgvini, lomi ki es eris individualuri Tvisebidan gamomdinare danarTia. swored gvirgvinia darTuli
Sveciis, daniis, didi britaneTisa
da CrdiloeT irlandiis SeerTebuli samefos, niderlandebis, luqsemburgis sahercogos, belgiis, monakosa da andoras saTavadoebis, iordaniis haSimonTa samefos Rerbeb-
Tel fonze (Tavad TeTri giorgis
asociacias qmnis oqrosferi nimbiT),
Sarleminiseuli Rerbis ideismieri
ganmeorebaa. swored rom esaa gvirgvinis darTviT mokle Rerbi saqarTvelosi. unda iTqvas, da araerTxel
iTqva, rom wminda giorgis gamosaxuleba arakanonikuria. sinamdvileSi
xatweris kanonzomierebiT wm. giorgis piri aRmosavleTisaken unda hqondes. aq ki ra gamodis gveleSapsac da wminda giorgisac mimarTuleba erTi aqvT!
anu heraldikis enaze es ikiTxeba Semdegnairad - erTi miswrafebis mqone sulieri samyaro da qvena
buneba erisa aRmosavleTidan dasaliers miiswrafis. es ki ukve Jordaniaseul simbolikebze uaresi simbolikaa Seqmnili, romelic gardauval katastrofas uqaddis da heraldikis enaze usurvebs ers. dasaliers mimavali mxolod gveleSapi unda iyos, gaucxoeba eris bunebisa da miswrafebisagan. xolo wminda giorgi, romelic eris sulieri
da zneobrivi saxea, unda miemarTebodes gveleSapis sawinaaRmdegod aRmosavleTiT, ciskris varskvlavis
Sesagebeblad bneleTidan sadReod
gamotanili. dRevandeli heraldikis
mixedviT logikurad Tu erTi miswrafeba aqvs gveleSapsa da wminda
giorgis, maSin ratom unda gangmi-
ze. erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo aqamomde san-marinos respublika, sadac araa dinastiuri mmarTveloba
qveyanaSi da mainc gvirgvinia war-
ros erTma meore, isev da isev Tu
(am Rerbis mixedviT) erTmaneTs xels
araferSi uSlian, erTi mimarTuleba aqvT da erTi miswrafeba gaaCniaT. es gakeTda mxolod imisaTvis,
rom wminda giorgis xats damsgavseboda cruxati da es unda yofiliyo simbolo eris???
da bolos warwera - `Zala erTobaSia”.
es swored isaa - tuz-koziris
kompleqsi.
kidev kargi, rom saqarTvelos
Rerbs ar waaweres devizad `Cven
erTi gundi varT”. amaTgan esec ki
mosalodnelia.
bolos da bolos, moparulia Rerbis mTavari principi - dinastiuri mmarTvelobis idea (es qarTulidan), formebi kidev gadmoRebulia evropuli Rerbebidan. amiT xelisuflebas SeiZleba surs an ar
surs, magram am moparuli simbolikebiT (monarqiul simbolikebs vgulisxmob) igi pretenzias acxadebs
respublikur monarqiaze, Tu SeiZleba SevaTavsoT saxelmwifoebrivi wyobis es ori erTmaneTis gamomricxavi sistemebi. anu arsebul
xelisuflebas surs respublikis
farglebSi saarCevno vadiT (Tu vadebiT) Caatios Tavisi absoluturi monarqiuli mmarTveloba.
iqneb am RerbiTa da droSiT es
gviTxra revoluciuri gziT mosulma axali tipis respublikurma monarqma.
m. beJaniSvili
droSa jvarosnebma moitanes saqarTveloSio. iqneb ukeT vTqvaT, iqneb
aseTi saxiT waiRes mrgvali magidis ordenis raindebma, an igive tamplierebma, an sulac graalis raindebma modernizebuli gorgasliandaviTiani droSa. iqneb graaliviT
gaibna, an graalTan erTad gaibna
presviter ioanes (anu mefexuces
ioanes) xelT-pyrobili bairaRi
didgoris brZolaSi. uniam kidev
gaamartiva daviTis droSa da igi
axla jvarosnebis mier waRebuli
ukanve dagvibrunes.
erTis sityviT, yvelaferi kargia,
jvari cxovlismyofeli, jvari patiosani - xuTjvriani iqneba is Tu
cxrajvriani, uniis droSa iqneba
Tu gorgaslian-daviTiani, jvridan
madli yovelTvis gadmodis, magram
esaa, rom misi warmomavloba, istoriuli fuZe araa Seswavlili da
igi jer mainc ar unda yofiliyo
saxelmwifo droSad gamocxadebuli,
miTumetes respublikuri wyobis saxelmwifosi da ufro uaresi - nacionaluri moZraobis simbolod.
SemiZlia amasTan dakavSirebiT analogiac movitano sul axlo warsulidan - faSisturi germaniis saxelmwifo mTavari simbolika - svastika.
isic jvaria, isic gansaxierebaa RvTiuri moZraobis mnaTTan - mzesTan.
xolo rogori damokidebulebaa sad-
modgenili saxelmwifo Rerbze. am
saxelmwifo-respublikas jer poloneTi (umniSvnelo detalizebiT arwivis Tavze gvirgvinis dasmiT) da
saqarTvelo (srulmomcvelobiT monarqiisaTvis gankuTvnili heraldikuri konstruqciiT) daemata.
rac Seexeba lomebis gamosaxulebas - isini figuralurad gadmoxatulni arian niderlandebis saxelmwifo Rerbidan (unda iTqvas, rom
Sveciis, luqsemburgis da niderlandebis Rerbebi TavianTi struqturiTYidenturni arian, mxolod mciredi niuansebiT Tu SeiZleba maTi
gansxvaveba, - magaliTad niderlandebis (iseve rogorc saqarTvelos)
lomebisgan gansxvavebiT luqsemburgisa da Sveciis lomebi TavSeqceulebi arian. saqarTvelos Rerbis
struqtura am sami Rerbisagan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom kompozicia araa
Seqmnili brwyinvale fardebis fonze.
aseve Tu farze qarTul Rerbze
wminda giorgia gamosaxuli, zemoxsenebul saxelmwifo Rerbebze samefo
rega-liebia warmoCenili (magaliTad
somxebis Rerbze lomia warmodgenili, magram aramc da aramc gvirgviniT, da lomi ara wyvilad, aramed
kentad an Tu arwivTan, an Tu mtredTan erTad).
Rerbiseuli wminda giorgis xati,
romelic farzea gamosaxuli wi-
6 qeTi xamicaSvilis
kinodarbazi
3lfdbs uehfvbidbkb4 gbhdtkb mfhsekb v[fndhekb abkvbf7 hjvtkbw
cfpqdfhufhts ufdblf8 wyj,bkb ht;bcjhb ybrjkjp cfybidbkb fv itcfybiyfd
cehfsc jvbc okt,ib bqt,lf7 ktybyuhflbc +cfyrn-gtnth,ehubc‘ ,kjrflbc
vj[cybc itvltu8 ktutylfhekvf vcf[bj,vf7 mfk,fnjyvf ljlj
zbzbyf'tv fv abkvib lfdbs uehfvbidbkbc cfnhajc - mtstdfybc hjkb
itfchekf8 tc b.j vbcb lt,benb mfhsek rbyjib8
- tc b.j gbhdtkb mfhsekb abkvb7 hjvtkbw cf,zjsf rfdibhblfy
cfpqdfhufhts ufbnfytc8 elbltcb
ofhvfnt,f [dlf obkfl8 ehsektc
gthbjlib dbqt,lbs7 jvbc lhjc7 ktybyuhflbc +f[kfyltkb cfyrn-gtnth,ehubc‘ ,kjrflf f[fkb vj[cybkb b.j8 fmtlfy sdbsvahbyfdbs xfdtlbs7 tc7 hf smvf eylf7 cfhbcrj
b.j7 cf,zjsf rfdibhbc nthbnjhbfpt [jv jvb v'dbydfht,lf8 abkvbc
uflfqt,bcsdbc ufvj.jabkb b.j
w[hf vbkbjyb vfytsb8 cfzbhj b.j
hsekb lf vlblhekb ltrjhfwbt,bc ufrtst,f7 bv lfh,fpbc vjo.j,f7
cflfw hectsbc vtatc eylf vbtqj
cfmfhsdtkjlfy xfcekb cnevht,b7
vtat df[nfyu |68 jvbc lhjc lbl
cbhsektc ofhvjflutylf kehcvyt,bc7 cfqt,fdt,bc7 cfthsjl7 ltrjhfwbt,bc ijdyf8 hjujhw bmyf7 vjbgjdtc tc .dtkfathb8 cfmfhsdtkjc
rbytvfnjuhfabbc ths-thsvf
vtcdtehvf7 ufvjwlbkvf jgthfnjhvf atklvfyvf lf ht;bcjhvf ybrjkjp cfybidbkvf thvbnf;bc vfibyltk lbhtmnjhc bjct, jh,tkc
+jh,tkbfyc‘ vbfiehtc8 cojhtl bm
eylf uflfqt,ekb.j fyf ltljakbc vbth df[nfyu |6-bc vbqt,bc cwtyf8 itoe[lf lbhtmnjhb5 hjujh vjf[th[t,s uflfqt,fc7 lfh,fpt,ib vbyt,b xfvc[dhtekbf7 bfnfrb nfkf[bcf lf odbvbcufy lfpbfyt,ekbj8
uflfvqt,b ]ueab lf/gbhlf thvbnf;bc xfvc[dhtekb vbyt,bc fqlutyfc7
lfh,fpt,bc ufhtvjynt,fc7 abkvbc
lbhtmnjhc7 nfhfcb vf[fhf’tc7 dbqfw mfhsdtkvf7 udfhfl ,thb’tv fxemf efvhfdb vbyf +ehfkblfy xfvjenfytc‘8 fb7 tc vbyt,b xfcdtc thvbnf;bc ityj,bc afy]ht,ib8
eylf fqbybiyjc cnfkbybc v[fhlfzthf fv abkvbc uflfqt,bc
ghjwtcib8 f,f7 jvbc lhjc ktybyuhflib uflfqt,t,bc lfo.t,fc hjujh
ufd,tlfdlbs0= sfyfw7 cnfkbyvf rfhufl bwjlf lfdbs uehfvbidbkbc vybidytkj,f cfmfhsdtkjc bcnjhbfcf se
kbnthfnehfib8 sfvfvfl dbn.db7 ijsf hecsfdtkbc itvltu cfmfhsdtkjc
fh /.jkbf fctsb lblb gjtnb8
abkvib chekbfl itvs[dtdbs vbvbodbtc8 chekbfl f[fkufphlf db.fdb7 !) okbc8 ht;bcjh ybrjkjp
cfybidbkbc ltlfc mexfib itvs[dtdbs deyf[bdfh7 erfy ufvjv.jkbf7 ufeubf vbcfvfhsb lf cf[kib vbcekc
vstkb lfh,fpb qhbfkt,lf7 [vfvfqkf vjsmdfvlf8 ubjhub .dtkfc e.dfhlf7 byntkbutywbfcfw lf e,hfkj [fk[cfw8 hfqfw c[dfyfbhb b.j8
fv nhfutlbbc itvltu fsfcb zjhb
fujhlf - yfcdfvb b.jj7 upfpt dth
uflfdblfj lf f8i8 vfuhfv bc rb dbwb7
v’qjkb7 dbyw bc nhjktb,ecb lff]f[f7 cfibykfl ufybwlblf fv itvs[dtdfc7 nbhjlf8 xtvc w[jdht,fib fctsb lfrh’fkdf fh vbyf[fdc8 pqdf [fk[b
b.j7 smdty ofhvjblubyts7 mehst,bw
rb vjdblyty7 c[df thbc idbkt,b8
fv abkvib ,ho.bydfkt fhnbcnt,b
vjyfobktj,ty - fkt jvbf’t7 ifkdf
qfv,fib’t7 ubjhub lfdbsfidbkb lf
c[dt,b8 ,fnjyb fkt ,ho.bydfkt gbhjdyt,f b.j7 ufyfskt,ekb8 cfthsjl7
fv sfj,bc vcf[bj,t,b ufvjbhxtjlyty
obuybtht,bs7 afhsj ufyfskt,bs7
reknehbs8 hjvtkb thsb xfvjdsdfkj - bcbyb lblb mfhsdtkt,b b.dyty8
3lfdbs uehfvbidbkib4 hjltcfw uflfvbqtc7 ufdtwfyb bcnjhbfc7 xdtyc
bvlhjbyltk .jafc8 f[kf cf.dtlehbs othty - hectsc hjujh itdethslbs7 hfnjv uflfluf thtrktv tc
yf,b]bj lf f8i8 thtrkt hjv fh .jab-
qalisTvis mikocnia,
magram bJRartisTvis arao!
dodo
WiWinaZe:
idbkbcsdbc esmdfvc7 uehfvbidbkbc
cfnhajc hjkbcsdbc vcf[bj,c hjv
t’t,s7 mexfib bctsb rfhub ujuj dyf[t7 fb vbcfvfhsb7 oflbs lf smdtyw
vjbyf[ektsj8 fct vbvbodbtc fv abkvib ybrjkjp cfybidbkvf lf bjct,
sevfybidbkvf8 ubjhub ifduekb’t erdt lfybiyekb b.j vsfdfh hjkpt8
bc b.j elbltcb vfcinf,t,bc vmjyt
vcf[bj,b7 itt’kj hjujhw nhfubrekb7 bct rjvbrehb hjkt,bc sfvfib8 xdty gbhdtkfl cojhtl fv abkvib itd[dlbs thsvfytsc8 ths tgbpjlib xtvsdbc eylf trjwyf8 vjbnfylf f[kjc xtvc cf[tcsfy sfdc lf
fen.lt,jlf cbwbkb8 rfwj7 mfkbcsdbc fh ubrjwybf0 - erdbhlf ht;bcjhc8 - mfkbcsdbc hjujh fh vbrjwybf7 vfuhfv ,;qfhnbcsdbc - fhfj
- bwbyjlf8 ,jkjc tc tgbpjlb fct
uflfbqtc - dbsjv vrjwybc lf sfdbs
tafht,f trhfyc8 fct lfdhxb vbcsdbc
,jkjvlt ,fdidfl8 itvltu okt,bc
vfy’bkpt ubjhub xtvb gfhnybjhb
b.j cwtyfpt8 b.j e,ho.bydfktcb gbhjdyt,f7 cfjwhfl rtsbkb7 lfhlbvfylb7 .dtkfyfbhfl itvrekb df;rfwb - ufhtuyj,bsfw lf cekbtht,bsfw8 vbc j]f[sfy dvtuj,hj,lb - vbc
vteqktcsfy - kbpbrj dfxyf’tcsfy8
ubjhub ifduekb’bc ufhlfwdfkt,f cfibytkt,f b.j .dtkfcsdbc8 stfnhib vjbnfytc fv,fdb - ubjhub ifduekb’tc vfymfyf lft]f[f7 lfbqegfj8
gjkbnbrbc itltubf8 lbl itwljvfc
lfeidt,ty se uflfo.dtnbkt,fc fh
ufyf[jhwbtkt,ty8
ubf lfytkbfc itcfybiyfdb vij,kt,b /.fdlf8 ltlf - vthb fy]fafhb’t dthbrj fy]fafhb’bc lf uf[klfs8 vstkb sfdbcb w[jdht,f vtjht ht;bcjhfl veifj,lf +rbyjcnelbfib fhct,j,lf itcfybiyfdb sfyfvlt,j,f rbyjabkvbc vtjht ht;bcjhb‘8 mfk,fnjyb vthb vhfdfkb okbc ufyvfdkj,fib veifj,lf vb[tbk zbfehtksfy8 itcfybiyfdb mfk,fnjyb b.j8
bevjhbs cfdct7 dthbrjc ’fkbfy /ufdlf8 sfdbc j]f[ib [ibhfl udtgfnb;t,jlf mfhsdtk cneltynt,c7 udbvfcgby’klt,jlf7 w[tk cflbkt,c udbvpflt,lf7 hfw ’fkbfy udzbhlt,jlf bv
gthbjlib +bqbvt,f‘8 qfhb, cneltynt,c vfnthbfkehfl t[vfht,jlf8
hfw itt[t,f abkvib vjyfobktt,c
- df[nfyu rbrf,b’t7 hjujhw vcf[bj,b
+tcnhflfpt erdt bwyj,lyty vfc7 hjujhw ybzbth vjvqthfkc‘7 ubf lfytkbfv fqvjfxbyf8 vfy itcfybiyfdb cf[tt,b itmvyf ubfc abkvt,ib8 sbsmvbc
abkvb fh uflfeqbf7 df[nfyu rbrf,b’t hjv fh vbtodbf8 f[kjc dbwyj,lb
aheypbr vrhnxbfyc7 fhfxdtekt,hbdb gbhjdyt,f b.j7 cf.dfhtkb flfvbfyb7 dvtuj,hj,lbs8 c[dflfc[df thbc
[tkjdfy flfvbfyt,c vfiby eahj f[kj ehsbthsj,f udmjylf8 aheypbr
vrhnxbfyb vbyf[fdc c[dflfc[df cgtmnfrkt,ibw7 eybzbthtcb vcf[bj,b b.j8
vbcb ’bf ,fqlfcfhb vbvfxybf stfnhfkehb [tkjdyt,bc itltdhfl8 fhf
vfhnj itcfybiyfdb vcf[bj,b b.j7 fhfvtl fhfxdtekt,hbdb gbhjdyt,fw7 cfmfhsdtkjc vbvfhs cb.dfhekbsf lf
cbs,jsb ufyo.j,bkb7 ,tdhb mfhsdtkb vtuj,fhb /.fdlf8
tdutyb ktjyjdb ubfc ths-thsb cf.dfhtkb vcf[bj,bf8 vujyb7 fh uflfeqbf abkvb7 ktjyjdc hjv fh vbtqj
vjyfobktj,f8 bc b.j gbhdtk hbuib
itcfybiyfdb stfnhfkehb vcf[bj,b7
vt vfc ]th rbltd bv lhjc dbwyj,lb7
hjltcfw vjcrjdib7 cnfybckfdcrbc cf[tkj,bc stfnhib veifj,lf8 vhfdfkb otkb bveifdf rjvrfdibhbc stfnhib - tuhtsojlt,ek 3ktyrjvib48
ubf lfytkbfc /mjylf ybzb7 sfdbc ufhitvj itvjtrhb,f bctsb cfbynthtcj
flfvbfyt,b7 hjujht,bw b.dyty5 aheypbr vrhnxbfyb7 tdutyb ktjyjdb7 hjujhbwff df[nfyu rbrf,b’t8 abkvib
vfhskfw ufcfjwfhb ehsbthsj,ff
fcf[ekb7 hecb thjdyt,bc flfvbfybc
lfvjrblt,ekt,f mfhsdtkb ]fhbcrfwbcflvb7 hjvtkbw vfcsfy thsfl
ahjynpt b,h’jlf8 vfhsfkbf7 itwlf7 f[fkufphlf mfhsdtkb vahbyfdb sfyfvt,h’jkbc df;b tujyf7 vfuhfv vbc vbvfhs vfbyw cbs,j lf cbrtst ufvjfdkbyf8 ubf lblb bynthyfwbjyfkbcnbf7 yfvldbkb mfhsdtkb7
sfdbcb mdt.ybc gfnhbjnb7 hjvtkvfw c[df [fk[bc cb.dfhekbw bwbc
lf vfssfy ehsbthsj,bcfc .jdtk-
TDUTYB
KTJYJDB LF
DF[NFYU
RBRF,B'T
JWLFFSB OTKBF7
3VBVBYJ4 3XBNJ-UDHBNJC4 VQTHBC=
RFLHT,B ABKVBLFY
3VBVBYJ4
T
GH KTY
F
JR
KJ
DF
AHEYPBR VRHNXBFYB
LF DF[NFYU RBRF,B'T
VFHBYF
LBE;TDF
UBJHUB
IFDUEKB'T
kb.j lf cfmfhsdtkj hectsc hjv
fh itthst,jlf7 lqtc mfhsdtkb cf’t,fhb bmyt,jlf8 vflkj,bc vfubdhfl7
fmts cf.dtlehj,ty .dtkfc7 dbcfw rb
vbcodlt,bfy8 bkbfc hjv thb vjrkfdc7
fvfpt cfvfhw[dbyj hf eylf b.jc0=
bwbs7 bkbf zfdzfdf’tv hf uffrtsf0 ktrt,c upt,b xfertnf7 rf[tsib hjv
fh uf,fnjyt,ekb.dyty7 xffcf[kf bm
bvthkt,b888 tvlehbfy thtrktc7 vjrktc bkbf7 kfaib cdhbfy cnfkbybc
cf[tkc - bv rfwbc cf[tkc7 hjvtkvfw
lblb odkbkb itbnfyf cfmfhsdtkjcf
lf hectsbc trktcbt,c ijhbc ehsbthsj,bc fqlutyfib8 cek ,fdidb db.fdb7
hjltcfw cbvjy xbmjdfybc wjkvf ofvb.dfyf vw[tsfib lf lfdtcofhb rfkbcnhfnt wbywf’bc fqcf.lht,fc8
jhb abkvb7 hbsfw itb’kt,f hectssfy rtsbkvtpj,kj,bc fqlutyf7 tc fhbc - 3lfdbs uehfvbidbkb4
lf 3]fhbcrfwbc vfvf48 vfhsfkbf7 hectsbc bvgthbf bg.hj,lf vtpj,tk
vbot,c - ifvbkbc bcnjhbf vf[ctylt,f - lfvfhw[t,ekb ifvbkb gtnth,ehuib vb/.fdlfs8 jhb rdbhbc
vupfdhj,bc itvltu uflfqkbkvf
hec utythfkc /rbs[f - ,fnjyj utythfkj7 ,jkjc lf ,jkjc7 hjlbc
xfdfks gtnth,ehuib0 utythfkc
egfce[bf - bvfv7 ths rdbhfib gtnth,ehuib dbmyt,bsj8 ufqbvt,bf ifvbkc5 - bvgthfnjhc uflftwbs7 fv[tkf vbot,bc gfnhjyc xtvb jhvjwlffsb fekb hfl eyljlfj888
RFLHT,B
ABKVBLFY 3LFDBS
UEHFVBIDBKB4
3vbvbyj4 #_ okbcff8 mfhsdtkt,bc7 cjv[t,bcf lf hect,bc vtuj,hj,bc ybiyfl7 hectsbc aeylfvtynehb [tkjdyt,bc
rjvbcbbc uflfo.dtnbkt,bs7 abkvbc uvbht,c vjcrjdib +3xbcnbt ghelb4` ’tukb eylf lfelufy8 sevwf7 gjkbnbrjct,vf
tc bybwbfnbdf fynbmfhsekb rfvgfybbc uf,fsbkt,bc vwltkj,fl xfsdfktc8 gjkbnbrf gjkbnbrfl7 vfuhfv tc abkvb
.dtkfc e.dfhc7 ufyehxtdkfl thjdyt,bcf8 lbl fdbfwbfpt vtjwyt,t mfhsdtkb gbkjnbc 2 dfkbrj vbpfylfhbc w[jdht,bctek
tgbpjlt,c hfvlty]thfw eylf de.ehjs7 fh udo.bylt,f8 vjfhek ahfpt,fl bmwf df[nfyu rbrf,b’bcf lf cjvt[b vcf[bj,bc
aheypbr vrhnxbfybc uvbht,bc lbfkjut,ib uf;qtht,ekb cbn.dt,b8 abkvvf lhjc ufe’kj7 tct bub7 erdlfdt,f itb’byf8
fylhj zbfehtkb7 abkvbc ht;bcjhbc ubf lfytkbfc ltblfidbkbc idbkb7 ht;bcjhb5 3vbvbyj4
rfhub abkvb ufvjdblf7 [fk[c e.dfhc8
itvjmvtlbcsdbc [jv bc fhbc vsfdfhb7 [fk[vf fqbfhjc7 itb.dfhjc lf
vbcvf yfveitdfhvf lhjc ufe’kjc8
df[nfyu +,e,f‘ rbrf,b’tc ubf ,fdidj,blfydt bwyj,lf8 gbhdtkfl 3fh lfblfhljib4 uflfbqj8 vbe[tlfdfl bvbcf7 hjv ,e,f vjvqthfkbf7 abkvib
itcfybiyfdfl bsfvfif8 itvltu ubfv
3vbvbyjib4 vbbodbf8 uflfqt,t,b vbvlbyfhtj,lf cfmfhsdtkjibw +seitsib` lf hectsibw8 ubfc cfmfhsdtkjib fh ew[jdhbf7 vfuhfv ’fkbfy rfhufl bwbc mfhsdtkb rfwbc ,eyt,f7
nhflbwbt,b8 mfhsek j]f[ib ufbpfhlf7 ptlvbotdybs bwyj,c mfhsek
reknehfc7 s,bkbcib efvhfdb vtuj,fhb /.fdc8 cfmfhsdtkjib [ibhfl
fh xfvjlbc7 vfuhfv cfntktajyj
rfdibhb udfmdc8 fm xfvjcekb7 cfcnevhjib xthlt,f [jkvt7 [fy cjabrj
zbfehtksfy8 .dtkfc ’fkbfy e[fhbf
vbcb cnevhj,f8 vjcrjdib ubfc lblb
j]f[b fmdc8 cfvoe[fhjl7 thsb df;b
nhfubrekfl lftqegf8 /.fdc rbltd
thsb df;b lf mfkbidbkb7 idbkbidbkt,b8 vteqkt7 fctdt ht;bcjhb ufkbf lfytkbf vbcb uekitvfnrbdfhb
lf yfvldbkb vtuj,fhbf8 vb[fhbf7 hjv
abkvbc uvbht,bc ’tukb eylf lfblufc vjcrjdib8 ht;bcjhbcsdbc tc yfvldbkb ufvfh]dt,ff8 f[kf ubf lfytkbf veknabkvc bqt,c sfdbcb abkvbc 3mby-'f-'fc4 vb[tldbs8
ubuf kjhsmbafyb’t7 ht;bcjhb5
ubf lfytkbf vcjakbj vybidytkj,bc ht;bcjhbf7 vb.dfhc vbcb abkvt,b7 ufycfresht,bs tc abkvb - 3vbvbyj47 hjvtkcfw erdt #_ otkb itecheklf8 hfvlty]thfw exdtyt,ty ntktdbpbbs7 bvlty]th de.eht,8 lfytkbfc 3fajybf47 3fh lfblfhlj4 lf
c[df abkvt,b vcjakbj rbyjc itltdht,fl vbvfxybf8
ubf lfytkbfc cneltynj,bc lhjblfy dbwyj,8 ufycfresht,bs lfdef[kjdlb vjcrjdib cofdkbc gthbjlib8 c[dfsfijhbc7 ubf fhmbntmnehbc
afrekntnpt cofdkj,lf7 ht;bcjhj,f vjudbfyt,bs uflfo.dbnf7 vfc
itvltu7 hfw vt7 sfvfp vtkbfdfc lf
c[dt,c lfudbf[kjdlf8 ufycfresht,bs
f[kjc b.j sfvfp vtkbfdfcsfy
+3kjylhtc4 lf 3vsdfhbc vjnfwt,bc4
ht;bcjhb7 ’fkbfy flht lfbqegf7
eybzbthtcb ht;bcjhb b.j‘8 cojhtl
sfvfpbc vtidtj,bs lfdevtuj,hlb ubf
lfytkbfc8 ubf efqhtcfl vfqfkb ljybc ghjatcbjyfkbf7 byntkbutynb7
bevjhbs cfdct flfvbfyb7 hjvtkcfw
[fylf[fy ctdlfw f[kfdc7 kbhbpvb8
vbylf uekohatkfl vbdekjwj ubfc fv itcfybiyfdb abkvbc #_ okbc
be,bkt8 dbwjlb7 hjv uflfo.dtnbkb
b.j 3vbvbyjc4 uvbht,bc ’tukbc lfluvf vjcrjdib7 hfnjv uflfbabmhtc7
fh dbwb8 tn.j,f7 f[fkb thjdyekb
LJLJ ZBZBYF'T
sdbc gjekj,c lbl hjvfynbpvc8
ubjhub lfytkbf7 ht;bcjhb +hecekb ghtcbcsdbc vbwtvekb bynthdbelfy`5 ,fdidj,blfy dtsf.dfyt,jlb
atlthbrj atkbybc lf xfhkb xfgkbyc8 atkbybc ufhlfwdfkt,bc itvltu vtujyf7 hjv vfcsfy thsfl \\
cfereybc rbytvfnjuhfabfw vjrdlf8
bvltyfl ufydbwflt7 hjv bnfkbfib
vbc lfrh’fkdfptw rb xfdtlb8 hfw itt[t,f eiefkjl vfcofdkt,tkc7 w[jdht,bc vfcofdkt,tkb sdbsjy w[jdht,ff888 cfresfh abkvt,c fh de.eht,8 cfvb cfdbpbnj abkvb vfmdc uflfqt,ekb5 3itvjlujvbc vfhfsjyb47
3lfdlbdfh vjcrjdbc mext,ib4 lf 3fh
lfblfhlj48 vfufkbsfl7 3fajybfib4
,tdh rflhc fvjdbqt,lb8 hfw itt[t,f
3vbvbyjc47 [fkbcbs db[ctyt, uflfqt,bc ghjwtcc7 vcf[bj,t,c8 rbrf,b’tcsfy veifj,f thsb lblb cbfvjdyt,ff7 xdty ecbn.djl deut,s thsvfytsc7 lblb f[cyf-ufyvfhnt,t,b fh
vzbhlt,f8 se rbrf,b’tc uflfcfqt, vjtlfypt hfqfw fh ufvjclbc7 tct bub7
sdbsjy rbrf,b’bc rb fhf7 cwtyfhbc
,hfkbf7 ibu hfqfw bctsb othbf7 hbcb itchekt,fw ite’kt,tkbf8
3vbvbyjc4 cfmfhsdtkjc vsbfytsib dbqt,lbs8 sfdblfy xfabmht,ekb
udmjylf7 vbvbyj ,ty;fvtybc vcufdcb
.jabkb.j - nbgbehb bvthtkb7 v[bfhekb8 fdtlbs vsfib8 bm cek c[df
,eyt,bc flfvbfyt,b w[jdhj,ty7 ufwbkt,bs [bcnb7 wjnf vrfwhbw8 rbrf,b’tv vbs[hf7 rfhub bmyt,f7 abkvib hfqfw cwtyt,c se itwdkbsj8 fvbnjv itdwdfkts sdbsjy vbvbyjc [fcbfsb7 sdbct,t,b888
abkvb #_ okbcff8 sfdblfydt wyj,bkb b.j7 hjv dfkbrj vbpfylfhbc
hjkpt df[nfyu rbrf,b’t eylf vbtodbfs7 vfuhfv vbcb vtuj,hbc hjkpt
jhb rfylblfnb b.j - tdutyb ktjyjdb lf aheypbr vrhnbxbfyb8 vjytnbc
fult,f uflfeo.dtnbfs7 se vjytnf
3htirfpt4 lf]lt,jlf7 uflfbqt,lyty
ktjyjdc7 se 3fhbjkpt4 - vrhnbxbfyc7 vjytnf 3fhbjkpt4 lf]lf8 itvltu ktjyjdb vfbyw uflfbqtc abkvib rjnt vbpfylfhbc ahjyntkb vtuj,hbc hjkib8 cfmfhsdtkjc vsbfytsbc ufhlf uflfqt,f vbvlbyfhtj,lf hectsib - vjcrjdib7 cfcnevhj
3hjcbfib48 abkvib ,tdhb cfcfwbkj
tgbpjlb cojhtl aheypbr vrhnxbfybc vjujybkbf8 vfcsfy lfrfdibht,bs
thsb obyffqvltuj,f b.j - ,tdhc cdfvlf8 cfmvt bmfvltw vbcekf7 hjv ubf
lfytkbfc esmdfvc5 fy cfcvtkb7 fy uflfqt,f= cfvb lqbc itvltu vrhnxbfyb lfytkbfcsfy jsf[ib itcekf lf
esmdfvc5 vbd[dlb7 mdt.fyfc fct ereqvfhsfl hfnjv vfhsfdty - [tkv’qdfytkt,b fh cdfvty lf cbcektkbc
xfcfltyfl lblb tythubf hxt,fsj888
vjcrjdbc cfthsfijhbcj rbyjatcnbdfkpt rjvbcbfc bv tgbpjlbc fvjqt,f vjes[jdbf7 cflfw rbrf,b’bc uvbhb
stkfdbc yfwdkfl stk-fdbdib kfgfhfrj,lf8 ubf lfytkbfc rfntujhbekb efhb esmdfvc8 vbhxtdybf7 abkvb
sfhjpt itvjljs7 dblht tc tgbpjlb fvjbqjsj8 rjvbcbf ervf.jabkj
.jabkf bvbsfw7 hjv abkvib vjyfobktj,lf cch rfdibhblfy ew[jtsib ofcekb vcf[bj,b cfdtkb rhfvfhjdb8 ubf lfytkbfc fvfcsfy lfrfdibht,bsfw /mjybf obyffqvltuj,f888
qeTi xamicaSvilis
ite’kt,tkbf7 rjvtlbf 3cb.dfhekb .dtkfc eylf4 yf[j lf
.dtkfpt vtnfl fh lfufvf[cjdhltc ,thnf [fafdfcf lf rf[b rfdcf’bc
o.dbkb7 vfsb lbfkjut,b7 cf[fkbcj tgbpjlt,b fv abkvc vfhskfw
rjkjhbnc vfnt,c8 xdtyb cnevfhbf vcf[bj,b ,thnf [fafdf7
hjvtkbw cbfvjdyt,bs b[ctyt,c fv rjvtlbbc uflfqt,bc ghjwtcc8
- cfyfv fv hjkpt lfvfvnrbwt,lyty7 cby]t,b ufdbfhts vtw lf c[df
vcf[bj,t,vfw7 ]ueab lfrjvgktmnlf
lf ofdtlbs rf[tsib uflfcfqt,fl8
xtvb uvbhb sfdbct,ehb [fcbfsbc mfkbf7 xtvufy f,cjkenehfl ufyc[dfdt,ekb sdbct,t,bc8 vfuhfv vcf[bj,vf eylf bsfvfijc bc hjkb7 hjvtkcfw ht;bcjhb csfdfpj,c7 eylf
ittwfljc7 hfw itb’kt,f yfskfl
ufvjrdtsjc sfdbcb gthcjyf;b8 vtw
itdtwflt8 cfresfhb sfdb hjv vtsfvfif7 vfiby tc cf[tw fh itbmvyt,jlf8 abkvc !)(_ otkc dbqt,lbs7
fhfxdtekt,hbdb lhj b.j7 itcfybiyfdb ht;bcjht,b7 vcf[bj,t,b8 bidbfsfl7 hjv fcts ]ueaib vj[dltc vcf[bj,b8 yfvldbkfl ufvbvfhskf8
- cfl vbvlbyfhtj,lf uflfqt,t,b0
- rf[tsib7 stkfdib7 ekfvfptc cjakt,ib - fhsfyfib7 cf,etib8 abkvbc
uflfqt,blfy @% otkboflpt vtnb ufdblf8 vfiby ufwbkt,bs f[fkufphlf
db.fdb7 sfy ufv[lfhb7 f[kf ojyfib
cfuh’yj,kfl vjdbvfnt7 fvbnjv7 hjltcfw fv abkvbc rflht,c d[tlfd7 vb[fhbf7 jltcqfw fctsb ufv[lfhb hjv
db.fdb8 hfw cbufhtnc sfdb lfdfyt,t7
3cbufytib4 ofdtlb +tqbvt,f‘8 vstkb
xtvb w[jdht,f dyfnhj,lb7 qvthsj7
hf bmyt,f7 fsb rbkjuhfvb vfbyw vjdbvfnj-vtsmb888 t/7 bc lhj fhfclhjc
lf,heylt,f888
ubjhub ityutkfbfcsfy veifj,f
’fkpt cfcbfvjdyjf7 pecnfl ub[cybc
gthcjyf;bc [fcbfsc7 uf’ktdc f,cjkeneh sfdbceakt,fc7 hfw bidbfsbf8 uflfqt,t,b7 ’bhbsflfl7 pfa[ekib vbvlbyfhtj,lf8 wfkrtekb
tgbpjlt,b itvjlujvfpt7 hsdtkbc
lhjcfw uflfdbqts8
- fv,j,ty7 fv abkvbc uflfqt,bc
itvltu rf[tkt,b ufyfo.tylytyj888
- sfdblfy ufyfo.tylyty7 fytrljnt,bc vb[tldbs uflfbqtcj7 vfuhfv itvltu7 hjwf hfzdtkt,cf lf bvthkt,ptw uflfbqtc abkvt,b7 lfo.yfhlyty888 lfve[nekb dfh rf[tsbcf lf rf[tkt,bc vbvfhs cb.dfhekbsf lf gfnbdbcwtvbs8 vt lf rf[b fv abkvbc ufhlf lff[kjt,bs % rbyjcehfsib dfhs
gfhnybjht,b - thsfl udbqt,lyty fmfw
- cfmfhsdtkjib lf erhfbyfibw8 rf[b
fhfxdtekt,hbdb gbhjdyt,ff7 fqfh dkf-
bveifdt,lyty7 vtjht lqtc fqfh vjlbjlyty7 xdtysfy thsfl cfmvbc rtst,f ezbhlfs8 abkvib fhfghjatcbjyfkt,bw vjyfobktj,ty7 se uf[cjds7 mfk,fnjyb rdthw[c hjv .blbc7 fhfxdtekt,hbdfl bsfvfif7 fkfkb7 vihjvtkb mfkb uf[klfs8 cbfvjdyt,bs db[ctyt, vfs8 .dtkfc lblb
cbs,jsb lf vjyfnht,bs vjdbrbs[fd8
f[kf [jv rbyjofhvjt,f sbsmvbc itxtht,ekbf8 ,jkjc ujlth’b xj[tkvf uflfvbqj sfdbc abkvib7 fctdt
ktdfy pfmfhtbidbkvf abkvib - 3s,bkbcb-s,bkbcb4 - vptcevpbhbc ufv.bldtkc dsfvfij,8 ktdfyb ittobhf
rbltw fv abkvc8 hdf okbc obyfs
lfdbo.ts uflfqt,f7 odfkt,bs lfdfchekts8 gbhdtkfl hjv dyf[t7 itvtibylf7 tc hf okt,b ufbfhf cfmfh-
lf lbcidbkb7 hjvtkbw otkc evfqktc cfcofdkt,tkib f,fht,c trjyjvbreh afrekntnpt8 cekfw fh vbyljlf vcf[bj,b ufv[lfhb.j +fvbcb fhw
cehdbkb fmdc7 fhw - ybzb‘8 yfvldbkfl fh vcehc7 bc upf ufbfhjc7 hfw
vt ufdbfht8 bc nfy]df-ofvt,f - bycnbnenib xfhbw[dblfy7 lqtdfyltk lqtvlt8 dth fuboths7 hf obyffqvltuj,t,bc uflfkf[df lfvzbhlf8 kfyufhpt
lflt,ekb fhfathb vjvcdkbf8 pjuc
bct bjkfl ufvjclbc .dtkfathb - qvthsvf itfhujc - vfuhfv vt .jdtksdbc
lblb ,h’jkf vzbhlt,jlf hfbvtc vbcfqotdfl8 vbe[tlfdfl fvbcf7 erfy hjv
lfnhbfkltc w[jdht,f7 vfbyw vcf[bj,bc ghjatcbfc fdbhxtdlb - fctf7 hf
dmyf8 jhvjwlffsfvlt abkvib dfh uflfqt,ekb7 ntktcgtmnfrkt,ib7 cgtm-
7
fhfcjltc lfvfdbo.lt,f dthbrj fy]fafhb’t7 hjvkbc udthlbsfw cwtyfpt
dbsfvfit 3,thyfhlf fk,fc cf[kib47
xdtyb wyj,bkb vcf[bj,t,b - rf[b rfdcf’t7 ubdb ,thbrfidbkb8 fhfthsb hjkb
itvbchekt,bf vfs udthlbs8 hectsib
uflfqt,ekb dfh - ]bufh[fybfysfy7
rfhfxtywtdsfy7 ufansfy thsfl8
- hfvltyb okbc ,h’fylt,bs7 mfk,fnjyj ,thnf0
- cfvjwlf[esb okbc dfh7 ,t,thb8
- smdtyvf gfhnybjhvf fv abkvib - rf[b rfdcf’tv fvthbrfib uekbc jgthfwbf ufbrtsf7 hjujhw
vbcb vto.dbkt abkvblfy7 fh.bc
lfktdfc bctd ferh’fkfds0
- rf[bc dekjwfd ufvj]fyvhstkt,fc7 sfdc ufeahs[bkltc7 qvthsvf
rfhufl fv.jajc7 mfhsek rbyjcf lf
xtvsdbc bmblfy uflvj[njvf
,THNF [FAFDF5
gfhfrj, vbc ybzbtht,fpt8 uflfcfqt,
vjtlfypt gfhnybjhc .dtkfyfbhfl t[vfht,f7 ite’kbf vfcsfy thsfl hfvltybvt cffsc bveifjc7 sfdbcb vjcfpht,f ufepbfhjc8
- uflfqt,bc lhjc fbdybc [bc
’tkc vfhskfw xfvjtrblts0
- lbf[7 xfvjdtrblt lf vfhskfw
xfvjddfhlb8 tc rflht,b hfvlty]thvt
uflfdbqts7 [tkt,b cek uflf.dktabkb vmjylf8 sevwf7 bctsb cbvfqkblfy fh ddfhlt,b7 hjujhbw abkvib xfyc7 f[kf hjv xfvjdtrblj fcts
’tkpt7 yfvldbkfl vfhw[b vjvbdf7 vfuhfv vfiby f[fkufphlfw db.fdb7 ufv[lfhbw7 xbnbdbs dahtylb7 xtvsdbc
bmblfy uflvj[njvf fhfathb b.j8
- f[fkufphlf vcf[bj,t,pt hfc
bn.dbs0
- itcfybiyfdb f[fkufphlt,b b.dyty
- lfht]fy [fxb’t7 df[nfyu afyxekb’t7 fvbhfy fvbhfyfidbkb7 nhbcnfy cfkfhb’t8 ubj [ewbidbkb cek .vfodbkb b.j8 df[j lblb [fybf7 fh vbyf[fdc7 ,jkj lhjc cfpqdfhufhts b.j
ofcekb8 ufubrdbhlt,fs lf7 f[fkufphlf vrthfdbcsdbc cfkjyc hjv fityt,ty7 [tkjcyt,vf bv flubkfc jsf-
wyj,bkvf ht;bcjhvf jsfh bjctkbfyvf 3ubjhuj,bcsdt4 !)^^
otkc uflfbqj8 f[fkufphlf7 gfnbjcfyb vtqdbybc hjkpt !) okbc
hfvfp ubjhuj,bfyb vbbodbf7 hjvtkcfw afhsj cfpjufljt,f ]th
rbltd fh bwyj,lf lf evfqktc cfcofdkt,tkib vfstvfnbrbc
vtwybtht,fc teakt,jlf8 f[fkufphlf lt,benfynsfy thsfl
abkvib vjyfobktj,ty wyj,bkb vcf[bj,t,b5 ljlj f,fib’t7 ,e[enb
pfmfhbf’t7 frfrb rdfynfkbfyb7 ujub [fhf,f't lf c[dt,b8
YEYERF UBJHUJ,BFYB7 hfvfp ubjhuj,bfybc vteqkt5 - bv lhjc7
hjltcfw hfvfpb fv abkvib uflfbqtc7 xdty ]th rbltd fh dbwyj,lbs
thsvfytsc8 hjujhw dbwb7 ,fnjyb
jsfhb vsfdfhb hjkbcsdbc fhfcnfylfhnek nbgf;c t’t,lf8 hfvfpb cfthsj vtuj,fhsfy thsfl
cflqfw lfeyf[fdc8 vfiby hfvfpb !)
okbc .vfodbkb b.j7 vfuhfv cfrvfjl zrdbfyb lf ufyfskt,ekb uf[klfs8 vfstvfnbrehpt cofdkj,lf8
itvltu ;ehyfkbcnbrbc afrekntnpt888 bv pfa[ekc pqdfpt ofdblf
lfcfcdtyt,kfl7 s,bkbcblfy ltgtif vbbqj - vsfdfh hjkpt lfufvnrbwtcj8 hf smvf eylf7 efhb fh
esmdfvc7 xfvjdblf7 uflfbqtc8 fvbc
vtht hfvfpvf uflfo.dbnf7 vjcrjdib
ofcekb.j lf rbytvfnjuhfabbc bycnbnenib cfht;bcjhj afrekntnpt xft,fht,byf8 cojhtl bv lhjc
s,bkbcbc stfnhfkeh bycnbnenib
cfht;bcjhj afrekntnb ufb[cyf8
fvbnjv cf,est,b fm itbnfyf8 ,fnjy
styubp f,ekf’bc ]ueaib vj[dlf8
fhfxdtekt,hbdb ]ueab b.j7 vfcsfy
thsfl cofdkj,lyty5 yfyf ]jh]f’t7
ubf vfnfhf’t7 stveh ,f,kefyb7 ujlth’b xj[tkb7 yfyf ]fytkb’t8
hfvfpc sfdblfydt itcfybiyfd vcf[bj,t,sfy thsfl vjeobf sfvfib8 ufb[ctyts7 seylfw7 tc abkvb5 ujub
[fhf,f't7 ljlj f,fib’t7 frfrb rdfynfkbfyb7 fy 3cthtyflf47 cflfw fctdt
fhfghjatcbjyfk vcf[bj,sfy pjpj
,fmhf’tcsfy thsfl bsfvfif8 fhfxdtekt,hbdb abkvt,bf - 3.tkcf,fvb cfnhajcfsdbc47 3wbcathb vst,b7 fye
lfe]tht,tkb fv,fdb48 cfthsjl7 hfvfpb sfdbcsfdc sfvfij,c abkvt,ib8
vbcb uvbht,bw bctsbdt e,hfkj7 eiefkj lf vfhsfkb flfvbfyt,b fhbfy7
hjujhbw sdbsjy b.j w[jdht,fib8
hjltcfw 3wbcath vst,c4 de.eht,7
vujybf7 hjv 3ubjhuj,bcsdbc4 ufuh’tkt,ff7 bvltyfl /udfyfy tc uvbht,b
sdbct,t,bs thsvfytsc8 hfw itt[t,f
3v[bfhek hjvfyc47 tc uvbhb vbcufy
chekbfl ufyc[dfdt,ekbf8 abkvib uflfqt,fc v[jkjl bvbnjv lfsfy[vlf7
hjv ht;bcjhvf ktkbrj [jnbdfhvf
cs[jdf8
- ,fnjyb hfvfpb rfhufl thrdtjlf qdbyjt,ib0
- sfdblfy dth thrdtjlf8 sevwf7
fv uflfqt,bc lhjc mfh[fyfib yfvldbkfl rfhufl ufthrdbf qdbybc ntmyjkjubfib8 ,fnjy jsfhc elbltc
gfnbdc cwtvlf7 vj[b,kekb b.j bv
stvfnbrbs7 bv ghj,ktvbs7 hfw fv
abkvib lfcdf ht;bcjhvf8 [jv uf[cjds7 hect,b vfbywlfvfbyw rfhufl
fh fhbfy lf[fcbfst,ekyb8 vf[cjdc7
tc abkvb rfhuf [fyc sfhjptw b.j
itvjlt,ekb7 vjvojyc hfvfpbcf lf
ujub [fhf,f'bc uvbhbc letnb8 ujub
hfvfppt eahjcb uf[klfs7 abkvbc
uflfqt,bc itvltu f[kj vtuj,hj,f
fh ufeuh’tkt,bfs7 vfuhfv ujubc .jdtksdbc gfnbdc cwtvlf7 hjujhw rfhu gbhjdyt,fc lf ghjatcbjyfkc8
hfvfpb !))% okbc ,jkjc ufh-
[b vfhskfw vbfitytc7 vfuhfv fh dbwb7 bm cfvrthdfkj ufysfdclf se fhf8
- vcf[bj,t,c ajhvt,b vfhskfw
iterthtc0
- .dtkfathb ubjhubv vjbnfyf7
ukt[t,c bmdt7 dtyf[ib uf[flf cfve-
kinodarbazi
ifj [fkfst,b lf xdty7 vcf[bj,t,c
xfudfwdf8 hsdtkibw dbveifdts8 c[dfsfijhbc7 ukt[t,b ths lqtc hjv
araferi iyo!
sdtkjv7 hf nfy]df-odfkt,f8
- j]f[ib rbltd u.fds vcf[bj,b0
- xtvb j]f[bc otdht,b fhbfy xtvb lf
nfrkt,ib dsfvfij,lb8 cfvoe[fhjl7
lqtc f[fkufphlf vcf[bj,t,b afhsj
vfcinf,bs veifj,fc dth f[th[t,ty8
stfnhc rf[b rbltd czbhlt,f7 ufudf[fhjc f[fkb cf[tt,bs8 fhfdbsfh itvs[dtdfib fh lfkbjc fhf.b=
LFVLUVTKB HT;BCJHB5 jsfh bjctkbfyb9 CWTYFHBC FDNJHB5 fvbhfy zbzbyf’t9 JGTHFNJHB5 f,tcfkjv vfbcehf’t9
V[FNDFHB5 lbvbnhb thbcsfdb9 RJVGJPBNJHB5 yfstkf bjctkbfyb9 [VBC JGTHFNJHT,B5 ifkdf xbnb’t7 tdutyb vfcb9
VJYFOBKTJ,TY5 hfvfp ubjhuj,bfyb +ybrj‘7 ubjhub [fhf,f’t +jsfhb‘7 vfhbyf mfhwbdf’t +vfhbyt‘7 fktmcfylht jvbf’t
+vsfdfhb vtqdbyt‘7 ,ffleh oekf’t +fhxbkb‘7 styubp lfeidbkb +yjlfhb‘7 ,e[enb pfmfhbf’t +bkj‘7 frfrb rdfynfkbfyb
+lfdbsb‘7 ljlj f,fib’t +htpj‘7 jsfh pfenfidbkb +ijsf‘7 cjcj ujubxfbidbkb +,jylj‘8
ABKVBC CBE;TNB5 abkvb .ehflqt,fc vbfg.hj,c cfpjufljt,bc vfyrbth v[fhtt,c5 tujbpvc7 rfhbthbpvc7 fhfrtsbkcbylbcbtht,fc8
f[fkrehclfvsfdht,ekb jhb f[fkufphlbc vfufkbspt fdnjht,b udbxdtyt,ty se w[jdht,bc pytj,hbdb ghbywbgbc fhxtdfyc hfjlty
ufycfpqdhfdc j]f[ehb nhflbwbt,b8 vtixfyeh j]f[ib fqphlbkb jsfhb itvuet,kj,bc lf vffvt,kj,bc upfc lfflut,f7 gfnbjcfyb
j]f[bc idbkb ybrj rb gfnbjcyt,fc .dtkf cbnefwbfib byfhxeyt,c8
`giorgobisTvem~ JorJ sadulis
premia miiRo safrangeTSi
lfbwdfkf8 [jv uf[cjds bc lhj7 bc
cfibytkb gthbjlb8 .dtkfathb ueksfy f[kjc vb/mjylf7 ythdbekj,lf7 ufybwlblf8 cbc[kb xftmwf7 uekbc itntdbs ufhlfbwdfkf8 sfyfw7
cojhtl bv lhjc abkvbc uflfqt,f
/mjylf lfo.t,ekb8 vbc lfcfvsfdht,kfl sfy[t,b fqfh /.jayblf7 dbc
fqfh vbfrbs[f7 dby fqfh /gbhlt,jlf lfabyfyct,fc7 vfuhfv fvfjl8 ,jkjc tc abkvb - 3vjhtdb4 ubpj uf,tcrbhbfv lffchekf8 ths[fyc vfcpt
,flhb zj[jytkb’tw veifj,lf888 abkvb uflfbqtc lf vjojyt,fw lfbvcf[ehf8 hfvfpb $) okbc fcfrib7 ]th
rbltd f[fkufphlf ofdblf fv w[jdht,blfy8 rbltd ,tdhb hfvbc ufrtst,f itt’kj888
FVBHFY ZBZBYF"T7 cwtyfhbc fdnjhb5 - 3ubjhuj,bcsdt4 xtvb cflbgkjvj yfveitdfhbf8 bv gthbjlib7
hjltcfw tc cwtyfhb lfdotht7 rbyjcnelbfib sfyfvtlhjdt stvfnbrfpt rbyjcwtyfht,b sbsmvbc fh b.j8
fvbnjv fcghjwtynbfyb ufhfynbf
b.j bvbcf7 hjv cwtyfhc uflfqt,bcsdbc xfeidt,lyty8 hfvltybvt ht;bcjhvf ufvjsmdf cehdbkb7 fv cwtyfhbc vb[tldbs abkvb uflftqj8 vfs
ijhbc - styubp f,ekf’tv7 fctdt utyj oekfbfv lf ytkb ytyjdfv7 hjvkt,cfw erdt vbcwtc rbltw uflfcfqt,fl cwtyfhb8 thsfl dtvpflt,jlbs cfveifjc lfcfo.t,fl8 vfuhfv
bv gthbjlib vjdblf xtvsfy thkjv
f[dktlbfyb7 vs[jdf - jsfhc ezbhc7
thsb cwtyfhb lfe[ehtc7 fvbnjv ityb cwtyfhb vfc vbtwbj8 vbdtwb8 hfnjvqfw fctf7 vfhnj jsfhpt rb fhf
vfmdc cfe,fhb7 ht;bcjht,bc evhfdktcj,f7 cfyfv cwtyfhc vbcwtv7 sfdc
utdkt,f7 gfnbdc uwtvc7 itvltu rb ityufy sfdc ijhc bzthc888 xtvsdbc fv
abkvib vsfdfhb b.j uvbhb - vbcb
[fcbfsb7 sdbct,t,b8 jsfhvf rb bctsb
fmwtynt,b uffrtsf7 hjv thsb gthbjlb tc abkvb frh’fktc8 vfhsfkbf7
fv frh’fkdfv abkvpt welfl fh bvjmvtlf7 vfuhfv gbhflfl vt - cwtyfhbc
fdnjhvf7 ufwbkt,bs yfrkt,b /jyjhfhb fdbqt888 rfhub abkvb ufvjdblf7
cf[tkbw vjvbnfyf88 f[kf fv abkvc
jsfhb cfahfyutsbc c[dflfc[df ntktdbpbbs fnhbfkt,c8 rfhub bmyt,f
se ufb[ctyt,c7 hjv fv abkvc cwtyfhbc fdnjhb /.fdc888
3ubjhuj,bcsdbc4 vtjht ht;bcjhb
uf[kfds kfkb v;fdbf8 cojhtl vt
RFLHT,B ABKVBLFY
3UBJHUJ,BCSDT4
HFVFP UBJHUJ,BFYB
LF UJUB [FHF,F'T
lf kfkb lfdlbjlbs vcf[bj,t,bc
fcfhxtdfl8 ’bhbsflfl7 dt’t,lbs abkvbc vsfdfhb hjkbc itvchekt,kt,c8 jsfhb rbyjcnelbfib b.j7 bm
uflfcfqt,fl vbcek f[fkufphlt,c
fhxtdlf8 fct itfhxbf hfvfp ubjhuj,bfyb7 hjvtkbw7 c[dfsfijhbc7 xtvb
yfstcfdbw fqvjxylf8 ujub [fhf,f’t
vfiby erdt cfrvfjl wyj,bkb vcf[bj,b b.j8 fmdt eylf fqdybiyj7 sfdblfy
cwtyfhb fqothlf by;byht,bc w[jdht,fc8 vfuhfv jsfhvf h’bc rjv,byf-
npt vjbyljvf abkvbc uflfqt,f8
des[fhb7 hfqf h'bc rjv,byfnb7 cfmfhsdtkj qdbybc mdt.fyff7 vtqdbytt,pt uflfdbqjs-vtsmb8 rjyceknfwbt,bcsdbc vtqdbytj,bc bycnbnenib7
gtnhbfidbkbc mexfpt vlt,fht gbhdtk qdbybc mfh[fyfib lfdlbjlbs8
itdbcofdkts qdbybc ntmyjkjubf7 lfvpflt,bc otcb7 fctdt afkcbabrfwbf
+fctsb hfv [lt,jlf‘7 ufdbuts7 hjv7
sehvt7 %__-pt vtnb .eh’ybc ]bib fhct,ekf lf f8 i8 fv vfcfkbs itdfdcts
tc cwtyfhb8 3ubjhuj,bcsdtv4 ;jh;
cflekbc ghtvbf vbbqj cfahfyutsib7
hjujhw cfertstcj ew[jehvf abkvvf8 3ubjhuj,bcsdt4 !)^* otkc ufvjdblf8 cwtyfhb rb eahj flht lfdotht - !)^$ otkc7 vfiby #@ okbc
uf[klbs888 cfvoe[fhjl7 lqtc jsfhsfy ehsbthsj,f fhf vfmdc8 xtvb
fphbs7 cwtyfhbc fdnjhbcf lf
ht;bcjhbc ehsbthsj,f abkvbc
uflfqt,bc itvltufw eylf ufuh’tkltc8 rfhub itltub v[jkjl fcts
lfvjrblt,ekt,fc vjfmdc8
- uflfqt,t,c tcoht,jlbs0
- xtvb gbhdtkb cwtyfhbc vb[tldbs
abkvbc uflfqt,bc ghjwtcb7 hf smvf
eylf7 vfbynthtct,lf7 vfuhfv7 hjwf vbdbljlb7 vcf[bj,t,b hfnjvqfw
xevlt,jlyty7 sfdc e[th[ekfl duh’yj,lb7 fvbnjv uflfqt,fc fqfhw
lfdcoht,bdfh8 itb’kt,f thblt,jlfs888 fv abkvib vjyfobkt vcf[bj,t,c vjrbs[dfc desdkb7 qvthsvf
.dtkf ]fyvhstkfl fv.jajc8
8
SDBSV[BKDTKB
!)## otkc vjcrjdblfy s,bkbcib vjvfdfk kfdhtynb ,thbfc
afcfyfehbc vbcflujvt,sfy hflbrfkehb uflfo.dtnbkt,bc vbqt,f vje[lf7
hjvkbc itltuflfw cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upfpt nhfutlbf lfnhbfklf
2 cfcbrdlbkjl lfbzhf vfymfyfib v]ljvb vfqfkxbyjcfyb [fwrtdbxb8
cf,jkjjl .dtkfathb bvbs lfcheklf7 hjv tc itvs[dtdbsj,f ,thbfc
obyffqvltu ufy[jhwbtkt,ek nthjhbcnek fmnfl vjbyfskf8 vfc itvltu
*_ otkb ufdblf lf lqtc fv afmnbc eiefkj itvcoht fqfhfdbyff8
cfvfubthjl7 s,bkbcbc ths ’dtk e,fyib w[jdhj,c )% okbc vj[ewb 2
rjkbf vtkbmbidbkb 7 hjvtkbw fhfyfrkt, vybidytkjdfyb
vjdktyt,bc sdbsv[bkdtkbf8 ,fnjyb rjkbf ,thbfc v'qjkb uf[klfs lf
lqtc vt[cbtht,fib itvjhxtybk pjubths vjdktyfc bujyt,c8
kt,bc flubkpt7 keldbujdb lfvb’f[t,lf lf vtn.jlf7 - rjkbf7 se uwfkbf7
vjlb xtvsfyj8 fhfths[tk lfvbsdfkbtht,bf vfcsfy thsfl ufyw[flt,t,b8 [ibhfl mfhsekblfy hecekflfw vbsfhuvybf7 hflufy ,jhbcvf mfhsekb fh
bwjlf8
,thbfc cf[tkpt vjcekb ufyw[flt,t,b7 ’bhbsflfl7 ufzbhdt,ekb [fk[bc lfothbkb b.j - pjub ,byfc bs[jdlf7 pjub - wb[blfy ufvjidt,fc888
- sfdfl ,thbf se rbs[ekj,lf
vfs0
- ,thbf7 hjvw yljvt,jlf7 dth ofbrbs[fdlf7 hflufy lqtib @__-lfy #__-vlt
S,BKBCB7
MBFXTKBC MEXF
1 % *
ubdb ]jk,jhlbc
RJKBF VTKBMBIDBKB5
FV CF[KT,SFY ,THBFC .JDTK
LBKBS VFYMFYBS DFRBS[FDLB=
ajnj
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hbs lfbvcf[ehts
kfdhtynb ,thbfc ylj,f lf hjujh
uf[lbs vbcb v'qjkb0
- ,thbf vfvfxtvsfy - fktmcb vtkbmbidbksfy f[kj,kj,lf lf bwyj,lf7 hjujhw htdjkewbjythsf lfv[vfht gbhjdyt,fc8 vfvfxtvc ]th rbltd yjt ;jhlfybfc vsfdhj,bc lhjc afcfyfehib /mjylf uf[cybkb gfnfhf cfcflbkj lf cfcnevhj7 cflfw [ibhfl cnevhj,lyty
bvlhjbyltkb xbyjdybrt,b8 c[dfsfijhbc7 fv lfotct,ekt,fc thsb cfbynthtcj bcnjhbf erfdibhlt,f5 ]th rbltd
ufcf,zjt,fvlt7 hjwf afcfyfehbc nthbnjhbfpt ufykfut,ekb ]fhbc rjvtylfynb htdbf fv cfcflbkjib bv.jat,jlf7
vjdblf ltgtif7 cflfw tothf7 hjv cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upbs vjlbc ,thbfc
nfybcfvjcib uflfwvekb abkbgt vf[fhf’t7 cfcohfajl itrfhbs upt,b lf lffrfdtsj8 fv lhjc rb vfvfxtvc cfcnevhjc
ths-ths yjvthib /.fdlf lfvfkekb abkbgt vf[fhf’t8 sehvt7 hjwf fktmcbc
ltgtibc ibyffhcbcsdbc .ehb vjerhfdc7
bv jsf[bcsdbc7 cflfw abkbgt vf[fhf’t
bv.jat,jlf7 rfhflt,b lf abwht,b feafht,bf - dbsjv htvjync frtst,lf8 cfvb lqbc itvltu rb xdtyb j]f[bc f[kj,tkc7 ukf[f lfdbsehc uflfe.dfybf abkbgt cfwfkat[j upbs leitsbc hfbjyblfy ktybyujhbc hfbjyib8 lfvidblj,t,bcfc abkbgt vf[fhf’tc e,blfy jmhjc
fsvfytsbfyb fvjeqbf lf vfvfxtvbcsdbc
ufvjeupfdybf8
hflufy vfvfc sfdbcb lfotct,ekt,f cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upfpt /mjylf uf[cybkb7 bm [ibhfl vblbjlyty htdjkewbjytht,b8 fktmcbw .dtkfc bafht,lf8
vf[cjdc7 gehbc cfzvtk lfh,fpib ,fzbfc
abnekb blj7 hjvtkcfw [tkib gfnfhf
lhjif tzbhf8 ths[tkfw ,fdidehb ueke,h.dbkj,bs lhjif itdf,heyt lf
hjwf vfvfv tc itybiyf7 lfvnemcf - [tkb
fqfh f[kjj8 sehvt7 tc gfnfhf lhjif
bvbc vfeo.t,tkb .jabkf7 cfl bv.jat,jlf tcf se bc gbhjdyt,f - s,bkbcib
se dkflbrfdrfpib8 thsb cbn.dbs7 fv ufhtvjt,t,bc ufvj ,thbf lbl gfnbdc cwtvlf vfvfc8 !)#@ otkc7 hjwf ]fhblfy
f[fkb lf,heyt,ekb db.fdb7 cf[kbc oby
dbqfw rfwvf ufvfxthf lf vrbs[f7 - cfl
w[jdhj,c fktmcb vtkbmbidbkbj8 tc ewyj,b ,thbf fqvjxylf8 vfvfv ,thbf vtjht
cfhsekpt vbbgfnb;f lf fke,kbc kbmbjhb vbfhsdf8 vfs cffspt vtn[fyc bcfe,htc8 ,thbfc it[dtlhbcsfyfdt erbs[fdc
vfvfxtvbcsdbc7 - dby fhbc bc f[fkufphlf
.vfodbkb lf hfc cfmvbfyj,cj0 vfvfvfw
.dtkfathb efv,j5 f[kf[fy lf,heylf ]fhblfy7 ktbntyfynbc ojlt,f fmdc7 ghjatcbbs v’qjkbf7 vfuhfv ]th]thj,bs
fhcfl veifj,cj8 ,thbfc ofcdkbcsfyfdt
lfvb’f[f vfvfv lf vbs[hf5 cjkjkfrib7
cfkjybc udthlbs ufhf;bf8 bm vb[dfk7 fvf
lf fv udfhbc rfwc yf[fd lf veifj,fc lfufo.t,byt,cj8 sfdlfgbhdtkfl cfndbhsj vfymfyfpt lfvcdtc - itif uflvjvmjylf yfnf[nfhblfy s,bkbcib8 vfuhfv vfktdt c[dfufy uflfvb.dfytc7 ]th ,thbfc vteqkbc ybyf ututzrjhbcf lf vbcb df;bc cthueirfc v’qjkfl7 itvltu rb sfdfl ,thbfc dtvcf[eht,jlb8 eahj cojhfl7 ,thbfc v’qjkt,c - dflbfcjdcf lf lfhrjdcrbc - dwdkblb !)#$-!)#^ okt,ib8
kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxc hfvltybvt vfhrbc
vfymfyf tvcf[eht,jlf - 3ufpbrbs4
hfbjyib vbtvupfdht,jlf [jkvt7 eahj
[ibhfl rb (-wbkbylhbfyb 3rflbkfrbs4
lflbjlf8 vbc ufyrfhuekt,fib b.j
fuhtsdt ifdb athbc 3kbyrjkybw48
- dblht ,thbfc v'qjkfl
lfbo.t,lbs veifj,fc7 ufbfhts se fhf
cgtwbfkehb ufvjrdktdf0
- fhfyfbhb ufvjrdktdf fh ufvbdkbf8
fvfc dthw vfrflht,lyty7 hflufy eiefkjl ,thbfc htrjvtylfwbbs lfdbo.t veifj,f8 sevwf c[dt,c [fyuh’kbdb
lfrdbhdt,bc itvltu ybiyfdlyty cfgfce[bcvut,kj sfyfvlt,j,t,pt8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hjujh bo.t,jlf
lf vsfdhlt,jlf ,thbfcsdbc thsb xdtekt,hbdb cfveifj lqt0
- ,thbf lff[kjt,bs (8#_ cffspt lut,jlf8 xdty7 hjujhw otcb7 )8#_ cffspt
erdt cf[kbc cflfh,fpjcsfy dbltmbs lf
dtkjlt,jlbs vbc ufvjcdkfc8 !_-c hjv
[esb oesb frklf7 bub cf[kblfy ufvjlbjlf lf cfvcf[ehib vbud.fdlf8 ,thbf
cfqfvjc ^ cffsfvlt veifj,lf8 fvbc itvltu bub rhofybcbc htpbltywbfib vblbjlf7 hfsf tcflbkf lf lftcdtyf8 cflbkj,fvlt ,thbfc otcfl /mjylf ahty,ehsbc sfvfib8 bub f,cjkenehfl .dtkf
vjcfvcf[ehtc - vttpjdtc7 v’qjkc7 lfvkfut,kt,c7 veit,c7 vt,fqtt,c e.flht,lf sfdc lf vfssfy ahty,ehsc
sfvfij,lf8 jh ueylfl ufdb.jajlbs
[jkvt lf lff[kjt,bs thsb cffsbc
ufyvfdkj,fib dt]b,ht,jlbs thsvfytsc8
cflbkbc itvltu ,thbf7 xdtekt,bcfvt,h7
b’byt,lf7 lff[kjt,bs )-bc yf[tdhbcsdbc
bub rdkfd cfvcf[ehib vbud.fdlf lf qfvbc
@ cffsfvlt sfdbceakt,b db.fdbs8 bub
fv lhjvlt veifj,lf8
- utcfe,ht,jlfs se fhf kfdhtynb
,thbf vupfdhj,bc lhjc0
- vfymfybcrty xmfhb yf,b]bs ufvjtmfyt,jlf [jkvt lf iehlekbdbs ]lt,jlf
ibu8 cek lf'f,ekb b.j8 vf[cjdc7 ths[tk7 hjwf 3seseybc4 mfh[fyfc vbdef[kjdlbs +uvbhsf vjtlybc nthbnjhbfpt b.j vfiby tc mfh[fyf`7 bv at[pt7 hjvtkbw 3ufppt4 vtlj7 at[b lfvfzbhf7 hfsf
xmfhf ofdcekb.fdb8 vfymfyfv v.bcdt
vjevfnf cbxmfhtc lf rbyfqfv hfqfwfc
lfdt]f[ts8 cbvfhskt ubs[hfs7 lfdb,tyb8 ,thbf rb fv lhjc nhjnefhbcrty b[tlt,jlf7 tujyf7 hjv nthfmnbc vjo.j,fc
egbht,lyty8 vfc cek /mjylf nthfmnbc
ibib8 fct hjv7 vfymfyfib bub yfrkt,fl
cfe,hj,lf8 ths[tk ,thbfv vfymfyblfy
sdfkb vj/rhf7 hjv yf.bybc ufv.bldtkvf
vfhbkbfyb o.fkb vbfc[f zflfhc lf uf,hfpt,ekvf vbs[hf7 - it[tlt7 hfc idht,f
tc vfvf’fqkbj8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 bc yf.bybc ufv.bldtkb vtjht lqtcdt lfb,fhf
lf ufrbw[f8
- erblehtc itvs[dtdfib itut’kjs
se fhf vfymfybc ufxtht,f0
ce[jl rtltkfidbkvfw bchjkf8 vfy ,thbfc vfymfyfc dth vjfhn.f7 vfuhfv cfcbrdlbkjl lfzhf nhfycgjhnbc vbybcnhb [fwrtdbxb7 hjvtkbw cffdflv.jajib
vb.dfybcsfyfdt ufhlfbwdfkf7 sevwf jhbjlt obyflflt,bc smvf vfbyw vjfcohj dbyw udtchjkf7 fhfath iefibf lf fh
lfcf]jsj8
- itvltu hjujh ufydbsfhlf vjdktyt,b0
- tc bywbltynb vfiby ,thbfc vbvfhs
vjo.j,bk nthfmnfl vjyfsktc lf cbc[kbc cfvfhskbc cfmvt fqb’hf8 3tyrfdtlt4 ,jkjvlt fh tylj vbkbwbfc lf cfmvbc ufvjcf’bt,kfl cfufyut,jl ufvju-
S,BKBCB7
VFXF,KBC MEXF 1 !!
,THBFC )% OKBC V'QJKB B[CTYT,C888
- fhfdbsfh itvs[dtdfib8 bv vfymfyfib7
hjvtkbw ,thbfc tvcf[eht,jlf7 v’qjkbcsdbc ifhlbc ,einbc lfcfwktkfl cgtwbfkehb ikfyub fhct,j,lf - cfgbhafhtijib ufcdkbc eakt,fw rb fh udmjylf8 vf[cjdc7 hjwf gbhdtkfl vfymfyfib
ikfyub itdybiyt7 ufrdbhdt,ekvf drbs[t
dflbfcjdc7 - tc hf fhbc-vtsmb0 ikfyubc
fhct,j,bc itcf[t, ,thbfv fhfathb bwjlf8 tc xdtyb7 v’qjkt,bc cfblevkjt,f b.j8
bc rb fhf7 vfc gbhflb lfwdbc otdht,b cfhmbcjdb lf xb,ehlfyb’t - nefktnibw
rb lf/.dt,jlyty8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 ,thbfvlt7 hjujhw
f[ctyts7 vbc vteqktc7 ybyf ututzrjhcfw tvcf[eht,jlbs888
- bcbyb thsfl fhfcjltc vbyf[fdc8 vfuhfv dbwb7 hjv vfsb ehsbthsj,f vtnbcvtnfl vjrh’fkt,ekb b.j8 ths[tk
vcehlf7 ,thbfcsdbc hfqfw vts[jdf7 vfuhfv vfyfvlt ybyfc des[fhb - fvbc smvfc
dfgbht, kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxbcsdbc lf
hjujh vjdbmwt-vtsmb8 vfy vbhxbf7 hjv
kfdhtynbcsdbc fhfathb vts[jdf - fh
e.dfhc fctsb hfqfwt,bj8 ybyfw rb shsjlf vbc obyfit8 ,thbf vtnbcvtnfl vjvs[jdyb rfwb b.j8 hfw itt[t,f sfdfl ybyf ututzrjhc7 fhfxdtekt,hbdb lf cfjwhfl s,bkb mfk,fnjyb uf[klfs8 vfcsfy ehsbthsj,blfy dth buh’yj,lb7
hjv ,thbfc vteqkt b.j8 vf[cjdc7 lbcthnfwbbc lfwdbc lhjc ybyfc +cfcjakjcfvtehytj bycnbnenb lffvsfdhf‘ ybflfubc fyfkbpbc fqt,f lfczbhlf lf ve[hfyib ofdb.dfyt8 hf smvf eylf7 ve[hfybc vtehytj,bc lbhtmnjhvf ceahfcsfy vbudbgfnb;f lf qdbyjw vjudfhsdf8
hjwf thsb .kegb vjdcdb7 fqdybiyt7 ee/7 hf rfhub qdbyjf-vtsmb +vfc itvltu
bctsb qdbyj fqfh lfvbktdbf‘8 vjrktl7
fv cbn.dt,bc itvltu ybyf vjvb,heylf lf
vbs[hf - ye utibybf rjkbf7 lfkbt lf
cfztcsfy vt lfd]lt,bj888 tc fv,fdb xdty
ijhbc lfhxf8
hjwf ybyf bycnbnenblfy ufvjdbljlf lf bm fh lfd[dlt,jlb7 ecbn.djl
uftvfhst,jlf [jkvt at[bs cf[kfvlt8 ’fkbfy vjhblt,ekb mfkb b.j8
ybyf cfjwhfl uf[fht,ekb xfylf7
hjwf cjv[tsbc tgbcrjgjcvf gbhflfl vfc
ufvjeupfdyf bv lhjbcfsdbc fhfxdtekt,hbdb 3rflbkfrb47 hjvtkvfw cfhtrjhlj
cbxmfht - cffsib !$_ rbkjvtnhb
ufyfdbsfhf8 c[dfsfijhbc7 vtw fhfthsupbc dv]lfhdfh vbc cfztcsfy8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 smdty thsflthsb
gbhjdyt,f ,h’fylt,bs7 hjvtkcfw ite’kbf afhlf f[fljc *_ okbc oby afcfyfehbc vbcflujvt,sfy lfnhbfkt,ek nhfutlbfc8 hf vj[lf !)## otkc
cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upfpt0
- !)## otkc7 vjcrjdib ufvfhsekb
.hbkj,bc itvltu +pecnfl dth db[ctyt,7
hjvtkb .hbkj,f b.j‘7 cfmfhsdtkjc cfv[tlhj upbs ,heylt,jlyty ,thbf7 cjakbc vtehytj,bc vbybcnhb vfsbrfidbkb lf nhfycgjhnbc vbybcnhb - [fwrtdbxb +vjv[lfhbc ufyc[dfdt,ek dthcbfc
udsfdfpj,c cthuj ,thbf obuyib
3vfvfxtvb - kfdhtynb ,thbf48 b[8
ufptsb 3hfj-hfj04 1 #7 @__# okbc
@_-@^ bfydfhb8 htl`8 bcbyb jhb vfymfybs vjlbjlyty8 vfiby ,thbfc vfymfyfc
rjcnbf dflbfcjdb vfhsfdlf8 vjrktl7 afcfyfehsfy f[kjc vfs it[dlfs cfvb rfwb - rtltkfidbkb7 mfdsfhf’t lf ,fuhfnf +udfhb fqfh vf[cjdc‘7 bcbyb mjhobkblfy vjlbjlyty lf itpfh[jit,ekyb
b.dyty8 ths-ths vfsufyc - rtltkfidbkc7
mehserbc ptvjs7 rbcthsfy7 rjylf[b exfylf8 tc ,thbfv itybiyf lf rjcnbf dflbfcjdc e,h'fyf7 - vfymfyf lff]f[tj8 rjcnbfvfw rtltkfidbkc vfymfybc udthlb uf/
rhf lf upblfy uflffulj8 bmdt ufdfhlf
vfsbrfidbkbc vfepthblfy n.dbfw8 cfgf-
pfdyf vjcrjdblfy vbif ce]fidbkb8 # rfwblfy jhb vfibydt lfbzbhtc8 rtltkfidbkb rb v[jkjl # sdbc itvltu bgjdtc8 lfzhbkc vstkb lqt at[bs tdkj
lf vfqfkvsbfy cjatkib lfvfkekb.j8
thsb cbn.dbs7 cfvbdtyb uffcfvfhsktc
lf uflffcf[ktc8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 vbif
mfdsfhf’t # okbc itvltu lf,heylf cfmfhsdtkjib8 rtltkfidbkb lf ,fuhfnf rb
vfc itvltu fqfhfdbc eyf[fdc8 hjujhw
xfyc7 bcbyb 3rjywkfuthib4 ufupfdytc7 cflfw vfktdt ufhlfbwdfkyty8 c[dfsfijhbc7 fv cfvb gbhjdyt,bc lfgfnbvht,fvlt
^_ rfwb lffrfdtc tzdvbnfybkbc cnfnecbs8
- fye vjv[lfh bywbltync nthfmnsfy
fhfdbsfhb rfdibhb fh /mjylf0
- fv fv,blfy fhwse bct lblb [ybc itvltu7 hjwf ufhf;ib vbdtlb7 rjktut,b vjvdfhlyty - rjkbfc twjlbyt,f cbvfhskt
[fwrtdbxbc cbrdlbksfy lfrfdibht,bsj8
vfiby pecnfl tc cbn.dt,b dsmdb5 3fhf
vujybf7 tc nthfmnb .jabkb.j7 e,hfkj itvs[dtdbsj,f b.j-vtsmb48 fvbc smvblfy hfvltybvt oesib 3ufhf;bc4 gfhnjhufybpfwbbc vlbdfyvf lfvb,fhf lf vbs[hf - hfc idht,b7 rjkbf7 sfdc bqegfd7
fhcfl fhfathb ofvjuwltcj8 tc b.j lf
tc8 vfc itvltu gbhdtkfl smdty ub.dt,bs
fv bcnjhbfc lf lqtcfw bvfdtc dbvtjht,
- tc nthfmnb fh .jabkf=
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hfnjv lf[dhbntc
fubnfwbf-ghjgfufylbc ufy.jabkt,bc
eahjcb thbrf ,tlbf0 hf vj[lf cbyfvldbktib0
- #_-bfyb okt,bc lfcfo.bcib cnfkbybc ,h’fyt,bc cfae’dtkpt uflfo.lf7
hjv lfothbkb.j obuyb7 cflfw htdjkewbjythsf w[jdht,f bmyt,jlf fqothbkb8 obuybc lfothf eiefkjl lftdfkf 3bvtkbc4 lbhtmnjhc thbrf ,tlbfc
+vfiby fv sfyfvlt,j,fpt veifj,lf‘7 hjvtkcfw sfdbc v[hbd t[vfht,jlf fvfdt
bycnbnenbc sfyfvihjvtkb ,jhbc
keldbujdb8 ,jhbcb gbhflfl lflbjlf hfbjyt,ib lf fuhjdt,lf vfcfkt,c8
ths-thsb fctsb vjupfehj,bc lhjc
vtw df[klb ,fmjib8 vf[cjdc7 hjwf ,jhbcvf dbqfw veifc lfecdf itrbs[df hfvltyb ,fmjtkb rjvbcfhb lf[dhbntcj7 vfy egfce[f7 - @* rjvbcfhb lfbzbhtc7 vfuhfv lf[dhtnbs @^ lf[dhbntc7
vbmjbfyb rb7 hjvtkvfw lfyfhxtyt,b 3xfeidf47 fvbs uflfehxf cbrdlbkcj8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 xdtyb xfvjcdkbcsfyfdt
oferbs[fdc ,thbfc tc vfcfkt,b7 ufycfresht,bs bc tgbpjlt,b7 cflfw vbmjbfypt tothf7 hbc itvltufw obuyib fqfh
itenfybfs bc flubkb7 cflfw jwlfvtidblt rjvbchbc itcf[t, b.j cfe,fhb8
sevwf fvbs fh lfvsfdht,ekf .dtkfathb - hjwf ,thbfv obuybc cf,jkjj
dfhbfynb ofbrbs[f7 vfy bmdt es[hf ,tlbfc7 - obuyib v[jkjl thsb itwljvff
- thbrf ,tlbfc yfwdkfl fdnjhfl kfdhtynb ,thbf eylf tothjcj8 fv fv,blfy
hfvltybvt lqbc itvltu7 hjwf ,tlbfc
v’qjkb7 rjcnf cfv[fhf’t dyf[t +bc xtvb
eahjcb vtuj,fhb lf rjktuf b.j‘7 lfqjyt,ekb vtxdtyf8 drbs[t rbltw7 ’bf rjcnf7 hfnjv [fhs eueyt,jl-vtsmb0 vfy
uekf[lbkfl ufvbv[bkf7 - 3[fptbyc4 vtcfvt lqtf fh lfehtrfdc lf fh dbwb7 hf
czbhcj8 thsb cbn.dbs7 tc obuyb ,thbfc [tkvjothbs ufvjdblf7 cek vfkt rb
thbrf ,tlbf lffgfnbvhtc lf lf[dhbntc8
- hf ,tlb tobf ,jhbc keldbujdc0
- vfc fhfdby it[t,bf8 ,jhbcc f[kj ehsbthsj,f /mjylf ,thbfcsfy - +,thbfc
s,bkbcib vjqdfotj,bc erfyfcrytk
okt,ib‘ vbc vlbdyfl veifj,lf lf
kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxbc cf[tkpt vbqt,ekb othbkt,bc htubcnhfwbf - ufy[bkdf
tdfkt,jlf8 vf[cjdc7 cfqfvjj,bs7 hjwf ,thbfc vbdb.dfylb [jkvt lfybiye-
ufyw[flt,f itvjlbjlf8 vbc yfwdkfl othbkt,c keldbujdb b[bkfdlf8 ,thbfc
v[jkjl 3ufycfresht,ek4 ufyw[flt,t,c erbs[fdlf htathtynb8
- cnfkbybcf lf ,thbfc ehsbthsj,blfy hfc ufb[ctyt,lbs0
- ,thbf .jdtksdbc bvfc frtst,lf7
hfw cnfkbyc cbfvjdyt,lf8 vfc lblb ybzb /mjylf flfvbfyt,sfy lff[kjt,bcf
lf vfsb uekbc vjut,bc8 yt,bcvbthb cbnefwbblfy ufvj’dht,jlf lf vbcsdbc
cfcehdtk itltuc vbfqotdlf8 cnfkbybc
lf ,thbfc ehsbthsj,fw 3dbujlfpt4
b.j lfae’yt,ekb - bwjlf7 hjujh tcbfvjdyt,byf ,tkflbcsdbc8 ,thbf7 .jdtkb cfveifj lqbc ,jkjc7 3dtxtsb4 erfdibhlt,jlf [jkvt cnfkbyc lf
fwyj,t,lf7 hf vj[lf vbc ufyrfhuekt,fib v.ja cfv htcge,kbrfib +,thbf vfiby cfvb htcge,kbrbc - cfmfhsdtkjc7
cjv[tsbcf lf fpth,fb]fybc wtrfc vlbdfyb uf[klfs‘8 bub cf[kib v[jkjl vfc
itvltu vblbjlf7 hjwf ,jhbc keldbujdb 3dtxtsb4 lferfdibhlt,jlf rhtvkc
lf lfflutylf7 cnfkbyb b.j se fhf ofcekb8 hjwf cnfkbyb rhtvkc lfnjdt,lf7 s,bkbcb wjw[klt,jlf7 hflufy
cfvcf[ehblfy ,thbfw vblbjlf lf c[df
xbyjdybrt,b - ghjrehjht,b7 fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtt,b7 wtrfc vlbdyt,b se
c[df sfyfvlt,j,bc gbht,b vfyfv dth ufflufvlyty at[c7 dblht ,thbf sfdbc rf,bytnib b.j8
,thbf lbl .ehflqt,fc fmwtdlf cnfkbybc ltlfc - rtrtc8 vbcsdbc cgtwbfkehfl b.j ufvj.jabkb vfymfyf888 vf[cjdc7
!)#^ otkc7 hjwf cnfkbyb s,bkbcib7
,thbfc +rhofybcbc‘ htpbltywbfib bv.jat,jlf7 vt ufdb.dfyt rtrt idbkc cfyf[fdfl8 lff[kjt,bs cffsyf[tdfhb uffnfhtc
thsfl8 vtht rb bctd erfy ofdb.dfyt8
,thbfc lfdfkt,bs7 ujhbc vf[kj,kfl7 ths-ths cjatkib cfufyut,jl
stcfdlyty 3keh] gehc4 lf cnfkbyc
eupfdyblyty +cnfkbyc ’fkbfy e.dfhlf
3keh]b gehb4‘8 hjwf afcfyfehbc thsthsb htcnjhybc lbhtmnjhb db.fdb7
ief pfvsfhib lfdfkt,f vbdbqt7 hjv cnfkbybcsdbc f[fklfzthbkb rfkvf[t,b ufudtupfdyf8 vfibydt vjdf[lbyt vtstdptt,bc
vj,bkbpt,f lf .bydfib cfufyut,jl lfdbzbhts cnfkbybcsdbc !_ rbkjuhfvb
stdpb8
- b.j se fhf ,thbf uehvfyb0
- ufycfresht,ekfl vjcojylf se
fhf hjvtkbvt rth’b7 dth utn.dbs7 vfuhfv ’fkbfy e.dfhlf cfzvtksfy vodfyt
obofrbc vbnfyt,f7 sfy thsc rb fhf7 hfvltybvtc thsfl zfvlf8 fct hjv7 ,thbfc
cf[kbc afy]ht,pt pfvsfh-pfa[ek obofrt,b /.dfjlf mjsyt,ib8 vfc hufdlf lf
edkblf kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxbc vteqkt
ybyf8 cfbynthtcjf7 rbltd thsb ltnfkb8 hjwf ,thbfc cthbjpekb it[dtlhf
fy ufvjcdkf /mjylf7 bub vpfhtekc cfufyut,jl foehbyt,lf kbvjyc lf bv
lqtc kbvybc odtybc ufhlf7 gbhib
fhfathc brfht,lf8
- lfktdf se e.dfhlf0
- ,thbf fh cdfvlf lf sfdbc [tkmdtbst,cfw erh’fkfdlf fkrj/jkbc vbqt,fc8 vf[cjdc7 ths lqtc vbcvf vlbdfyvf7
vfvbf xfkfufyb’tv ktybybc vjtlfypt7
fasbfmsfy ufvfxtht,byf vfymfyf lf +se
fh dwlt,b` ofvfkb 3cty-ctyb4 b.blf8
hjv drbs[t hfnjv b.blts ofvfkb7 uekb
[jv fh ufmds welfl-vtsmb7 uftqbvf lf
vbs[hf - qdbyj vfmdc lfktekb lf tc
ofvfkb ceybc lfcfrfhufl db.blt7 ,thbfv hjv ufbujc yfcdfvb dfh7 ifd lqtc
lfvf.hbcj8
- hjujh phlblf kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxb sfdbc idbkc0
- ,thbf7 hjujhw .dtkfc vbvfhs7 cthueirfcflvbw vtnbcvtnfl vjvs[jdyb
b.j8 vfc vfcofdkt,tksf vstkb ]ueab
t[dbf sfdc8 lf/.fdlfs rhbdptw8 cthueirfc cfufyut,jl fsdfkbtht,byt,lyty
[jkvt bv ityj,t,c7 hjvtkcfw ,thbf fityt,lf+3bvtkb47 aeybrekbjhbc htrjycnhemwbf lf c[df`8 vbcsdbc cgtwbfkehb
lfwdf b.j ufvj.jabkb - ufhlf bvbcf7
hjv cthueirfc efvhfdb vjcfvcf[eht tdkt,jlf sfdc7 v[fh,tzbfyb vjzblfdt - rjkbf @$ cffsbc ufyvfdkj,fib vbc udthlbs b.j8
ths[tk ufuhfib .jaybc lhjc7 ieflqtpt7 hjwf .dtkfc t’byf +vrdlfhb cffsb b.j‘7 bmdt f[kjc vlt,fht gfnfhf htcnjhfyib ofdtlb ufcfhsj,fl8 xtvc ufjwt,fc cfpqdfhb fh /mjylf7 hjwf cf[kib lf,heyt,bcfc7 vjekjlytkfl upfpt cthueirf lfdbyf[t7 hjvtkbw chekbfl vfhnj vblbjlf +!% okbc b.j‘8
hjwf vfymfyf ufdfxtht lf vfcsfy vbdtlb7
vbs[hf7 - rjkbf7 lfdbqfkt7 fqfh itvb’kbf7 .tkib fvjvbdblf tc vfcofdkt,kt,b lf zrebc cofdkt,f7 sfdbceakfl fvjceysmdf vbylfj +c[dfsfijhbc7 ’fkbfy
de.dfhlb‘8 cthueirf7 s[jdybc vbe[tlfdfl7 fh ofvjv.df cf[kib8 c[df upf hjv
fh b.j7 bctd bv htcnjhfyib ofdtlbs7
cflfw thsb ,jskb qdbyj lf cfzvtkb
fdbqts8 fhflf7 ’fkbfy dythdbekj,lb7
dbwjlb7 hfw vj/.dt,jlf fvfc8 fvfcj,fib hfvltybvt cffsb ufdblf lf cfrfdibhj ’t,yf ufvjw[fllf cthueirfpt - vsfdfhb gjkbnbrehb cfvvfhsdtkjc 3f[hfybc4 eahjcbc7 vbxehbybc ,h’fyt,bs7
cfmfhsdtkjc cfvfhsfklfvwfdb jhufyjt,b at[pt lfluyty - uflfbrtnf upt,b8 fvfc tvfnt,jlf bcbw7 hjv hfvltybvt
lqbs flht7 vbxehbyvf lfudb,fhf lf ufudfwyj byajhvfwbf7 hjv cthueirfc sfdb hfvltybvt fsfc sehmek kbhfl b.j
itafct,ekb8 bc7 dbyw cthueirfc sfdc
sehmtsbc lfpdthdfc uflfcwtvlf7 fv aekc ]bkljl vbbqt,lf8 vjrktl7 rfhuf
[ybc itvltu7 hjwf cf[kib ofvjdtlbs7
cthueirfc des[fhb - fv cfmwbtkc fhfdby vfgfnbt,c7 lfvc]bfy7 hflufy fvltyb
[ybc ufyvfdkj,fib vfs fhfathb itdfn.j,byt-vtsmb8 vf[cjdc7 cthueirfv sdfkt,ib itvjv[tlf lf vbs[hf7 - ye utibybf7 rjkbf7 fh lfuc]bfy7 vt ufdfahs[bkt, .dtkfc7 hjv ptlvtnb fhfathb ufrflhjyj8 vfhskfw7 xtvsdbc fhfdbc fhfathb esmdfvc7 gbhbmbs - bv lqtt,ib
cf[cfmrjvvf ,byf ufvjvb.j7 hjujhw ofhxbyt,ek veifrc8
- fv,j,ty7 ,thbfv wtbkjybc xfbc
ythut,b vjbgfhf lf lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjib uffityt,byfj7 vfhsfkbf0
- gbhflfl dfh fv afmnbc itvcoht8 sfdfl ofvjdb.dfyt hrbybupbc cfluehblfy
tdhjgek rjcnbevib ufvjo.j,bkb jhb
rfwb7 hjvtksfw ) epfhvfpfhb xtvjlfyb vj/mjylfs8 bcbyb ]th cfv[fhtj rjvbntnib vbdb.dfyt7 cflfw xtvjlyt,b lffkfutc7 itvltu rb ,thbfc it[dlyty8 fv
it[dtlhblfy vtjht lqtc ,thbfv lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc f,cjkenehfl .dtkf cjakbc vtehytj,bc lbhtmnjhb ufvjb’f[f lf cbbc vb[tldbs uflfcwf vfs
cfrvfj hfjltyj,bc wtbkjybc xfbc ythut,b8 c[dfsfijhbc7 ythut,bc uflfwtvbc itvltu .dtkfyb bmdt uffahs[bkf thsb ’bhbw hjv uf[vtc7 sfdc ufub[vj,sj8 hjujhw vfiby vbs[htc7 ,thbfc wtbkjyblfy vjegfhfdc fcj,bs xfbc ythub8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 smdtysdbc wyj,bkbf bv flfvbfyt,bc dbyfj,f7 hjvkt,bw
eiefkjl [dhtnlyty [fk[c0
- vfc itvltu7 hfw vjhjpjdbc vtsfehj,bs 3ufycfresht,ekb cfvtekb4
ufyfxtyc ufvjenfylf fvf se bv flfvbfyc +vfiby7 ’bhbsflfl7 cfvtekc ufvj/mjylf uflfo.dtnbkt,f7 hjvkbc itwdkf
cfcfvfhskjcfw rb fh itt’kj‘7 bc ifiehrbybc [tkib [dlt,jlf8 cfcbrdlbkjl ufyobhekb flfvbfyt,b s,bkbcbc
vf[kj,kfl vlt,fht cjqfykeqbc nthbnjhbfpt vb/.fdlfs7 cflfw vfs ifiehrbyb [dhtnlf888 vjhbutj,bc lhjc7 gbhflfl vt7 hfvlty]thvt ofvb.dfybf ifiehrbyb sfdbcb cf[kblfy cf[cfmrjvib8
bub kjsb b.j - cek uf,het,ekb lflbjlf8 lf[dhtnbc ghjwtlehbc itchekt,bc oby cfufyut,jl fcvtdlyty fhf.c8
fuhtsdt7 xdtdfl /mjylf rfhfmbfyb gehbc
zfvf8 fhfclhjc lfdcoht,bdfh lf[dhtnbc cwtyfc7 vfuhfv7 hjujhw sdbsv[bkdtkt,vf vbs[htc7 bub fv ghjwtlehbc
oby evrkfdt,j7 ifdb athbc vjcfc[fvc
bwvtdlf7 hjvtkptlfw [ibhfl ti[tat,jlf flfvbfybc cbc[kb lf ndbyb8 ifiehrbyc [ibhfl t[vfht,jlf cjvt[b vtstdpt - ,eqlfyf8 fv cfmvtib fmnbehfl
vjyfobktj,lf vjzblfdt vtrjrbidbkb8
hjwf rfvthblfy gfnbvfhbc ufvj.dfyf e’ytklt,jlfs7 vtrjrbidbkc iteidt,lyty
[jkvt lf hjujhw ryenb7 bct ufvj/.fdlf8 !)#* otkc7 hjwf ths qfvtib ^__
rfwc [dhtnlyty7 js[ ,jhrbklflt,ek
gfnbvfhc thsfl cdfvlyty itvfqkt,ek
flubkfc lf bct ecojhlt,jlyty8 pju]th hfvltybvt itbfhfqt,ekb ]fkfsb
thslhjekfl lfeitylf [jkvt fdnjvfnbc ]thc fsj,bs flfvbfyc8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 bmdt7 f[kjc7 velvbdfl s[hblyty ,ekljpthbs jhvjc7 cflfw
[ibhfl yf[tdhfl wjw[fk gfnbvht,c
.hblyty8 hjujhw vbs[htc7 ,tdh
vfsufyc7 ibibc ybflfupt afqfhfsb tvfhst,jlf7 hbc ufvjw cfibytkb ceyb
bluf8 vfuhfv cbrdlbkbc oby vfsb evhfdktcj,f f[th[t,lf uekbc vjj[t,fc lf [vfvfqkf fubyt,lf cnfkbycf lf ,thbfc8
- hf vj[lf !)#% otkc jgthbc stfnhib7 .hbkj,bc itvltu0
-!)#% otkc jgthbc stfnhib ufvfhsek ths-ths htcge,kbrehb vybidytkj,bc .hbkj,fpt +pecnfl fh vf[cjdc
hjvtkb .hbkj,f b.j‘7 hjvtkcfw tcoht,jlyty ,thbf7 hfbrjvbc vlbdyt,b7 fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtt,b lf c[df xbyjdybrt,b7 vj[lf fatsmt,f8 fcfatsmt,tkb
ybdsbtht,f ceakbjhbc flubkpt b.j
lfvjynf;t,ekb lf ufsdfkbcobyt,ekb
b.j ghtpblbevbc otdht,bcfsdbc8 vfuhfv7
hjujhw xfyc7 nthfmnbc jhufybpfnjht,vf7 ,jkjvlt dth ufsdfktc .dtkfathb7 hflufy vbcb fatsmt,f cojhtl vfiby vj[lf7 hjwf ghtpblbevbc otdht,b
erdt ufhts b.dyty ufvjcekyb8 jhbjlt
oesbs flht hjv fatsmt,ekb.j7 ,thbf flubkptdt lfbqegt,jlf8 vf[cjdc7
hjwf fatsmt,bc [vf ufbcvf7 kfdhtynb
gfdkjdbxb dflbfcjdbc vfymfyfcsfy bluf
lf bvofvcdt lfnjdf nthbnjhbf8 cf[tpt
it[tldfw dth vjdfcofhb7 sevwf ufycfresht,ekc vfbyw dthfathc lfdbyf[fdlb7 hflufy erdt cfrvfjl ,ytkjlf8 hfvltyflfw dbwb7 vjudbfyt,bs ,thbfv tc
cfmvt ufvjb’bf lf lfcf]f rbltw nthfmnbc vjvo.j,yb8 sevwf vfsb dbyfj,f7
xtvsdbc ewyj,bf8 cfthsjl7 3f[hfyfc4
,thbf .jdtksdbc cfblevkj itcfcdktkbs it/.fdlf ityj,fib8
- cf[kblfy cfvcf[ehfvltw thsb lf
bvfdt upbs lfu.fdlfs0
- ’bhbsflfl7 thsb lf bvfdt upbs lfdlbjlbs7 hflufy bv nhfcfpt7 hjvkbsfw
,thbf lfud.fdlf7 lfwdf b.j xf.tyt,ekb
- ,thbfc cf[kbc cflfh,fpjvlt bfhfqfc[vekb [fk[b bluf lf udbwfdlf8 sevwf
b.j ufvjyfrkbcb itvs[dtdt,bw8 vfufkbsfl7 !)#^ otkc7 hjwf cnfkbyb vfnfht,kbs xfvjdblf s,bkbcib7 vt lf dflbfcjdvf ,h’fyt,f vbdbqts7 hjv vbvfhsekt,f itudtwdfkf lf vnrdhbc cfyfgbhjsb ofdcekb.fdbs8 cnfkbybc lfcf[dtlhfl cfluehpt bvlty [fk[c vjt.fhf
sfdb7 hjv ite’kt,tkb b.j bm ufdkf8
- bwjlf se fhf ,thbfv vfymfyfib ,h’fyt,t,bc ufwtvf0
- bidbfsfl8 pju]th vfymfybc ufxtht,fc se vs[jdlf8 vf[cjdc7 ths lqtc vt
lf dflbfcjdvf7 ,thbf vityt,tk by;byht,sfy lf fhmbntmnjht,sfy thsfl7 jhb
vfymfybs ofdb.dfyts hbofpt8 kfdhtynb
gfdkjdbxb hbobc n,fcsfy f[kjc7 cnfkbybc gfnbdcfwtvfl7 cf[kc fityt,lf8 vt
lf dflbfcjdb n,fcsfy ufdxthlbs7 lfyfhxtyt,vf rb rfnthbs uflfkf[tc n,f lf
vityt,kj,bc flubkpt cffspt vtn [fyc
bcfe,htc +cf[kbc bhudkbd7 @-# rbkjvtnhbc hflbecib rfwb fh zfzfyt,lf‘
erfy lf,heyt,bcfc7 n.tcsfy f[kjc ,thbfv vfymfybc ufxtht,f vs[jdf8 vtht sfdbcsfy vb[vj7 - thsb rfhub +,pbc‘ [bc
vjhb itfhxbt lf ofvjbqt7 fvbs lblb fhfathb lfifdlt,fj8 sfy tqbvt,jlf8 vtw7
hf smvf eylf7 lff[kjt,bs thsb vtnhbc
cbuh’bc [bc vjhb vfymfyfib xfdlt lf s,bkbcib xfvjnfybc itvltu7 hjujhw yf,h’fyt,b vmjylf7 rbhjdbc cf[tkj,bc mfh[fyfib vbdbnfyt8 jhb lqbc itvltu bv
vjhblfy cfvb hjlbyb ufvjxfh[tc +sfdbcb cfyf.t,bs‘8 hfvltyflfw xtvsdbc fhbc
wyj,bkb7 thsb vjcrjdib ofbqtc7 vtjht vfxf,kbc mexfpt vlt,fht cf[kib vbenfytc7 [jkj vtcfvtc hf e.dtc7 fh dbwb8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hjujhb lfvjrblt,ekt,f /mjylf kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxc cgjhnbc vbvfhs0 bpblfdlf se
fhf vfc tc cathj0
- ,thbfc7 itb’kt,f bsmdfc7 ’fkbfy e.dfhlf cgjhnb7 ufycfresht,bs at[,ehsb lf vrkfdzblb8 hjwf vfc abpbrehfl ’kbthb cnevfhb todtjlf fy cgjhnekb fqyfuj,bc flfvbfyc vj/rhfdlf
sdfkc7 sfdbc rf,bytnib it/.fdlf lf [tkbc uflfotdfib t]b,ht,jlf8 bv itvs[dtdfib7 se vfc [tkc uflfeotdlyty7 sfdbc
ths-ths v'qjkc uhbif ifabhjdc t’f[lf7 hjvtkbw abpbrehfl cfrvfjl ’kbthb b.j lf vfc uflffotdbyt,lf
vtnjmbcsdbc [tkc - vfyfv fh ufeidt,lf
sfdbc vtnjmtc7 dblht cf,jkjjl fh lffvfhw[t,lf8
- lfvfhw[t,bc itvs[dtdfib fh ,hfplt,jlf0
- cgjhnekb it]b,ht,bc lhjc ,thbfv uf,hfpt,f fh bwjlf7 cfrvfjl qbhctekfl tg.hj,jlf vtnjmtc8 cfbynthtcjf7
vbcb at[,ehsbcflvb lfvjrblt,ekt,fw8
hjltcfw kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxvf lfbyf[f7 hjv 3lbyfvjc4 cnflbjyb cbdbohjdbc ufvj [fk[c dth bntdlf7 cfufyut,jl
ufcwf ufyrfhuekt,f vbcb ufafhsjt,bc
itcf[t,8 vf[cjdc7 hjwf mfhsdtkt,b vfcgby’kj,lyty ,fcrt,c7 vfnxpt lfcfcoht,fl ,thbfv cfv[fhtj rjvbntnib7 lfvkfut,kblfy lfo.t,ekb7 vfqfkxbyjcyt,bs
lfvsfdht,ekb7 .dtkfc lfehbuf ,bktsb8 bv vfnxpt vtw db.fdb8 vfiby ,fcrt,vf
fhfxdtekt,hbdfl bsfvfitc7 ,ehspt at[b fh vbfrfht,bytc mfhsdtkt,c8 vbe[tlfdfl bvbcf7 hjv ,thbf mfhsekb at[,ehsbc lblb mjvfub b.j7 qbhctekfl
itfafcf vjobyffqvltubc sfvfib lf fqybiyf rbltw7 ,fcrt,vf lfvcf[eht,ekfl
vjudbutcj8
- hfvltyfl hsekb b.j ,thbfc vvfhsdtkj,bc gthbjlib fvf se bv jhufyjib veifj,bc lfo.t,f0
- kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxc thsb fctsb
sdbct,f /mjylf - se flfvbfyb vjedbljlf sdfkib7 vtjht lqtcdt lfb,fht,lf sfdbcsfy lf cfrvfjl cfgfce[bcvut,kj sfyfvlt,j,fpt ybiyfdlf8 vf[cjdc7 .dtkf ufrdbhdt,ekb lfhxf7 hjwf vityt,fht j,btmnbc lfcfsdfkbtht,kfl vbcekvf7 sdfkb vjrhf ths-ths veifc - ;jhf ubjhuj,bfyc7 hjvtkbw fueht,c pehubs tpblt,jlf vtcfvt cfhsekpt8 ,thbf vfc hfvltybvt oesc tcfe,hf7 vtjht lqtc rb
sfdbcsfy lfb,fhf lf fvbthrfdrfcbbc cfv[fhtj rjvbntnbc rjvrfdibhbc vlbdyfl
lfybiyf8 ;jhfv fhfxdtekt,hbdfl uffhsdf sfdb fv gjcnc8 se fh dwlt,b7 vfc
sfdbc lhjpt evfqktcb ufyfskt,f /mjylf vbqt,ekb lf veifl trjyjvbrehb
ufzbhdt,bc ufvj veifj,lf8 fctdt itvs[dtdbs fqvjxylf thsb e,hfkj vtvodfybkt cfgfce[bcvut,kj sfyfvlt,j,fpt7 hjvtkbw ,thbfv chekbfl vjekjlytkfl
cfo.j,bc vjvvfhfut,kfl lfybiyf8 gbhflfl vfc tdfkt,jlf ghjlemnt,bc .bldf
lf vbnfyf cfo.j,ib7 cfblfyfw itvltu bv
ghjlemnt,bc ufhrdtekb yfobkb cnfkbycf lf ,thbfc tupfdyt,jlfs8 c[dfsfijhbc7 hjwf cnfkbyb vjcrjdib cfpqdfhufhtsblfy xfvjcek cnevht,c
bqt,lf7 .jdtksdbc mfhsekb rth’t,bs
evfcgby’klt,jlf8 mfhsek rth’t,c rb
cfufyut,jl fvpflt,lf ,thbfc vpfhtekb
fktmcfylht hsdtkf’t8
- efvhfdb vbsb lflbc ,thbfc
vtmfksfytj,bc itcf[t,7 vfhsfkf fctsb ufycfresht,ekb cb.dfhekb /mjylf kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxc cecnb cmtcbc vbvfhs0
- xdty7 ,thbfc v'qjkt,c7 kfdhtynb
gfdkjdbxb ew[j vfylbkjcyt,sfy hfvt
ufycfresht,ek ehsbthsj,fib fh itudbybiyfdc8 thsb itvs[dtdfw hjv .jabkb.j fctsb7 fewbkt,kfl xfvjdfhlt,jlf xdtyc ohtib cfe,fhb8 .jdtk itvs[dtdfib7 fh itvb’kbf bvbc smvf7 hjv
s,bkbcib vjqdfotj,bc gthbjlib ,thbf
mfk,fnjyt,bc vbvfhs ufycfresht,ek
.ehflqt,fc bxtylf8
- ufycfresht,ekb xfwvbc cnbkb
se /mjylf ,thbfc0
- ,thbfc7 ’bhbsflfl7 ahtyxb twdf7 vfiby vjlfib b.j8 kfdhtynb gfdkjdbxb
pfa[ekj,bs7 cfthsjl7 fh bwdfvlf rjcnbevc7 fuhtsdt fhfclhjc vbyf[fdc vbc
rbcthpt /fkcne[b8 cnfkbybcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 ,thbf cbufhtnc fh totjlf8
- ,fnjyj rjkbf7 hjujhb htfmwbf /
mjylf [fk[c ,thbfc ufhlfwdfkt,bc
itcf[t, hjv itbn.dtc0
- ,thbfc cbrdlbkc7 cnfkbybcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 lblb htfubht,f fh vj/
.jkbf8 ,tdhc7 ufe[fhlf rbltw8
- gbhflfl smdty0
- ,thbfc cbrdlbkb ghtcbc cfiefkt,bs itdbn.dt8 cbvfhskt ubs[hfs7 uekb lfvo.lf7 hflufy vfcib efvhfd efh.jabs sdbct,t,sfy thsfl7 lflt,bsbw
,tdhb lfdbyf[t8
tcfe,hf
yfnj ajw[bidbkb
9
vicinoT, erTad vicinoT
eqimo, – mimarTavs mamakaci eqims,
– cud dReSi var, ar vici ra
wyalSi Cavarde.
– ra gawuxebT?
– me araferi, colze mogaxsnebT,
mival saxlSi, viRac kacTan wevs,
mival meore dRes, axla sxva kacTanaa.
– mere, Sen rogor iqcevi?
– me meubneba, gadi meore oTaxSi
da validoli dalie, damSviddebio da mec ase viqcevi.
– ... da CemTan raRa ginda?
– amdeni validoli kuWze ar
mawyens?
* * *
- dediko, yvela meubneba Zalian
dabneuli xaro.
- biWi, dedaSeni gverdze sadarbazoSi cxovrobs.
* * *
kaci trabaxobs Tavis megobarTan:
- warmoidgine, guSin rogori
mamaci saqcieli Cavidine?! Sevedi
ufrosis kabinetSi da muSti davartyi magidaze!
- mere ra moxda?
- kibeebidan ufrosis fexis xma
Semomesma da movkurcxle oTaxidan...
* * *
- dRes moxucTa TavSesafridan
iyvnen mosulebi. - eubneba qmari
cols.
- momikvdes Tavi, araferi gaatane?
- rogor ara, rac yvelaze mZime
Semxvda, is gavatane.
- yoCaR! ra iyo mainc ase mZime?
- dedaSeni...
* * *
guruli mivida stumrad, magram
saxlSi aravin daxvda. gurulma
dautova werili: viyai... ar iyai..
sa iyai!!!
* * *
svanma Zilis win kedlis saaTi
gaaCera: `Rame mainc tyuilad unda
imuSavoso"...
* * *
loTebi midian liandagze: - va,
ra maRali kibea? - va, ra dabali
moajiri aqvs? - eg araferi, biWebo,
naxeT lifti modis...
* * *
mixo midis ucxoeTSi sacxovreblad. mebaJe ekiTxeba: – ukacravad, rame Zvirfaseuloba xom ara
gaqvT Tan? – SeiZleba 98 kilogrami oqro Tan waviRo? – SeekiTxa
mixo. – ra Tqma unda ara! – pasuxobs mebaJe. mixo miubrunda da
Tavis cols eubneba: – maro, Cemo
oqro, am kargma kacma Tqva, rom Sen
aqa rCebio!
* * *
sami moxuci qali saubrobs: ukve 74 wlisa var da erTi kbilic ar maklia. - me ki 70-s vasruleb da Tma ar gamWaRaravebia. Tqven ra? me ukve 68-is Sevsruldi da tfu, tfu, tfu Tvali ar
meces - jer kidev qaliSvili var!...
* * *
kgb - Si rekavs telefoni: alo, kgb aris? Cemi mezobeli isaka
briliantebs inaxavs SeSaSi. micvivdnen isakasTan kgb-s TanamSromlebi da mTeli SeSa daaqucmaces,
magram veraferi ipoves. rodesac
wavidnen, moSem dareka isakasTan: alo isaka, kgb-dan iyvnen dagenacvleee? - ki, moSe, iyvnen. - SeSa xom
dagiCexes, dagenacvle, SeSa? - ki,
daCexes... - hoda, dagenacvle, axla
Sen dareke, bostani maqvs dasabari.
* * *
kaxeli axalmoyvanil cols ukanalze xels mouTaTunebs da mokvdeba siciliT. - ra gacinebs? ekiTxeba coli - ukanali ukudod
- sul sxva rame yofila, -pasuxobs
mixo
* * *
raWveli mRvdelTan mivida: –
Sevcode , mamao.
– ra Secode, Svilo?
– megreli movatyue.
–eg codva araa, eg saswaulia ,
Svilo Cemo...
* * *
sidedrs unda siZeebi gamoscados. Caxteba WaSi da pirveli siZe gadaarCens. meore dRes iRviZebs
siZe da xedavs ezoSi manqana dgas,
07 da aweria `sidedrisgan". isev
Caxteba WaSi, axla meore siZe gadaarCens. iRviZebs meore siZe da xedavs
07 dgas da aweria `sidedrisgan".
bolos mesame siZe unda gamoscados, Caxteba WaSi. mesame siZe ar
gainZreva da daixrCoba. iRviZebs
mesame siZe meore dRes da xedavs
mersedesis bolo gamoSveba dgas
ezoSi da aweria `simamrisgan".
* * *
mama-Svili kedelze kideben Taros. mamas lursmani uWiravs. Svili gamoaqanebs CaquCs da mTeli
ZaliT Cascxebs mamas TiTebSi. gamwarebul mamas bolo xmaze aRmoxdeba: – ux! Seni deda m........ am
dros deda gamoixedavs samzareulodan gabrazebuli: – bavSvs tyvila nurafers pirdebi!
* * *
zangs, svansa da megrels samSobiaroSi bavSvebi aeriaT. megrelma
daavlo zang bavSvs xeli da gaiqca. - sad migyavs, - gamoekida
eqTani, - ver xedav Savia!
- samagierod, vici, rom svani
araa.
* * *
WiWikia Zmakacs urekavs:
- Zamia, gadasarevi pur-marili
maqvs saxlSi, qalebi wamoiyvane.
Semdeg meore Zmakacs urekavs:
- Zamia, gadasarevi qalebi myavs,
pur-marili wamoiRe
* * *Y Y Y
eqimo, me da Cemi coli nerviulebi varT, dRe ise ar gava, rom ar
viCxuboT. ras mirCevT?
- es moWarbebuli energiis bralia. girCevT, yoveldRe aTi kilometri gaiaroT. merwmuneT, yvelaferi kargad iqneba.
naxevari Tvis Semdeg kacma eqims
daureka da gaxarebulma axara
- eqimo, didi madloba, axla
marTlac yvelaferi kargadaa.
- maS, colTan aRar CxubobT?
- ara, imitom, rom saxlidan
asormocdaaT kilometrze var…
* * *
ebraels ekiTxebian:
- ratom gaqvT aseTi patara
qveyana?
- didi rad gvinda, iq mainc
iSviaTad CavdivarT!
* * *
dakrZalvaze eqimi mRvdels ekiTxeba: - bevrs muSaobT, mamao?
- Tqveni wyalobiT…
* * *Y Y Y
patara mixo pionerebSi miiRes.
saxlSi dabrunebuli bebias eubneba:
- bebo, miTxres rom tyuili
arasodes unda vTqva. mec minda
raRacaSi gamogitydeT. SarSan Cumad muraba gavxseni, SevWame da rom
aravis gaego, SigniT vqeni da ise
Sevinaxe.
- xom geubnebodi qalo, ganavalia meTqi, - wamoxta babua, - Sen ki
mimtkicebdi, daiSaqrao.
* * *
iyida qalma dedali TuTiyuSi
da waiyvana saxlSi - xmis gamcemi
meyolebao. magram es TuTiyuSi
dRe da Rame mxolod or sityvas
gaiZaxis: `seqsi minda, seqsi minda!”-o. Sewuxda qali da wavida
mRvdelTan rCevis sakiTxavad,
mRvdelma ki gamoitana ori mamali TuTiyuSi da uTxra:
- eseni metad RvTismosavni arian, mTeli dReebi Tavebi aqvT daxrili da locvebs kiTxuloben
Cumad. namdvilad uSvelian Sens
dedal TuTiyuSs - anugeSeben...
dainaxa Tu ara dedalma TuTiyuSma mamlebi, ra Tqma unda gaaba
Taviseburad:
`seqsi minda! seqsi minda!”
gadaxeda erTma mamalma TuTiyuSma meores da eubneba:
- petka, rogorc iqna ismina RmerTma Cveni locva-vedreba.
* * *
4 svani Cava TbilisSi da gaaCerebs taqss:
- mTawmindaze agviyvaneT,- da mere Cxubs daiwyeben erTmaneTSi, ara
me davjebi win da ara meo.
taqsis mZRolma Cawia fanjara
da eubneba:
- oTxive ukan dajeqiT da zadniT agiyvanTo!
* * *
uSgulSi svanebma dadges otelo.
Teatris win gamokrulia afiSa:
otelo: malxaz xecuriani.
dezdemona: JuJuna tvildiani
(orSabaTi), naTela jiSkariani (samSabaTi), mzeqala gazdeliani (oTxSabaTi)
* * *
ori programisti xvdeba erTmaneTs:
- ici? guSin mivdivar saxlSi
da vxedav Cemi coli sayvarelTan
erTad loginSi wevs.
iseTi eSmakuri TvalebiT iyurebodnen, srazu Sevatyve raRacas
iCaliCebdnen meTqi, mivardi da internetis paroli ar SeucvliaT!!!
yvelaze grZeli es aqvT berZnebs,
argentinelebs da salvadorelebs. xolo espanelebs, mavritanelebs, bosnielebs da arabeTis gaerTianebuli
saemiroebis macxovreblebs es saerTod
ar gaaCniaT. amitom, garkveul situaciebSi isini xmas saerTod ar iReben.
ratom?
2
koko Saneli ambobda: `20 wlamde
Tqven gaqvT saxe, romelic Tqven mogcaT RmerTma; 30 wlis Semdeg - romelsac Tqven TviTon SeqmniT”. xolo
romeli saxe gaqvT, Sanelis azriT,
50 wlis Semdeg?
3
boliviis dedaqalaq la-pasis biujetSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli
erTi mniSvnelovani samsaxuris Senaxvis xarjebi. daasaxeleT es samsaxuri, romelic aris yvela did qalaqSi, maT Soris TbilisSic.
4
cota xnis win erT axalgazrdul
JurnalSi gamoqveynda statia saxelwodebiT `wameba xorvatulad”. statias Tan axlda rva ilustracia,
romlebzec gamosaxuli iyo am `wamebis” sxvadasxva variantebi. ris Sesaxeb iyo es statia?
5
sabWoTa propagandistis melor
sturuas sityvebiT, prezidentma reiganma erTxel gamoTqva SeniSvna Tavisi garemocvis politikuri orientaciis Sesaxeb: `CvenTan marjvena xelma ar icis, ras sCadis ...” daasruleT reiganis gamonaTqvami erTi grZeli sityviT.
6
hakeruli slengis leqsikonis Tanaxmad, is gamoigona vinme skot falmenma, romelmac pirvelad gamoiyena
is 1980 wels erT-erT gancxadebebis eleqtronul dafaze. falmeni
albaT verc warmoidgenda, rom wlebis Semdeg misi gamogoneba aseTi popularuli gaxdeboda mTeli msoflios telesakomunikacio samyaroSi. maqsimaluri lakonurobiT daasaxeleT es gamogoneba.
7
rodesac mixeil velers dausves
kiTxva, Tu ramdeni dawera man cxovrebis manZilze, man Sexeda Taros
sakuTari nawarmoebebiT, da upasuxa:
`45 ...” daasruleT mwerlis pasuxi
erTi sityviT.
8
luCano pavarotis sityvebiT, yvelaze sasiamovno komplimenti Tavis
cxovrebaSi mas ergo erTi gogonasgan, romelic Seejaxa mas velosipediT, da Semdegnairad mouxada bodiSi: “ukacravad, me ...” daasruleT gogonas sityvebi.
9
ser isaak niutonis kembrijis maTematikuri institutis Senoba agebulia imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom maTematikosebs hqondeT kolegebTan mudmivad ideebis gacvlis saSualeba, institutis SenobaSi moZraobis drosac ki. am mizniT, institutis uklebliv yvela oTaxSi, maT Soris tualetebSic da liftSic ki aris...ra?
10
TbilisSi, erT sakancelario maRaziaSi iyideboda didi saSleli
(daaxloebiT 20x5 sm) originaluri
warweriT: `BIG eraser for BIG ...”
daasruleT warwera.
11
erTi xumrobis Tanaxmad, am cnobili tragediis mTavari moqmedi pirebi ebraelebi iyvnen, kerZod: bocmani,
locmani, Sturmani... daasaxeleT kidev erTi gmiri, romelic aseve ebraeli iyo.
12
cnobilma ukrainelma mwvrTnelma
valeri lobanovskim erT-erT interviuSi ganacxada, rom sabWoTa mwvrTnelebi kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad
xSirad dadiodnen qalaq uJgorodSi,
Tumca am qalaqs arasodes ar hyolia
Zlieri safexburTo gundi. maS, risTvis Cadiodnen isini uJgorodSi?
13
is daibada 1925w. niu iorkis
StatSi da aris aSS-s me-14 prezidentis franklin pirsis pirdapiri
STamomavali. sakuTar qveyanaSi is
sakmaod popularuli iyo Tavisi qvelmoqmedebisaTvis, Tumca Cveni yuradReba man,pirvel rigSi,miipyro asakisaTvis Seuferebeli CacmulobiT. da
saerTod, CvenTvis is cnobili gaxda
mxolod 80-iani wlebis miwuruls
mopovebuli gamarjvebis Semdeg. daasaxeleT misi meuRle an yvelaze
cnobili vaJiSvili.
14
erTxel amerikelma msaxiobma da
iumoristma uil rojersma Tavis
ZmisSvils, patara julias parizidan
gaugzavna baraTi, romlis ukana mxareze daawera: `ai, ra mogiva Sen, Tu
ar miatoveb frCxilebis kvnetvas!”
ra iyo gamosaxuli baraTze?
15
rTveli, nisli, rTvili, Tovli, wvima,
qari, aRmoceneba, yvavili, veli, Tibva,
sicxe, nayofi. daasaxeleT qveyana, romelTanac es sityvaTa rigi ganuyoflad aris dakavSirebuli.
16
1978 wels amerikelma joni delma daamyara ucnauri rekordi - isrola qaTmis kvercxi 98 metrsa da
iumoristul-inteleqtualuri gverdi
51 santimetrze. magram ufro ucnauri rekordi imave wels daamyara
misma Tanamemamulem da megobarma kit
golasma. raSi mdgomareobs am ukanasknelis miRweva?
17
yvelasaTvis cnobilia ala pugaCovas simRera milioni vardis Sesaxeb. magram cota vinmem Tu icis, rom
es simRera mogviTxrobs realur istorias erTi cnobili mxatvris cxovrebidan. vin iyo es mxatvari, Tu
cnobilia, rom man namdvilad aCuqa
auracxeli yvavilebi Tavis satrfos?
18
1956 wlis ssrk-s atlasSi Setanili geografiuli obieqtebis didi nawili atarebs sxvadasxva gamoCenili pirovnebis saxelebs. am `reitingSi” pirvel adgils rasakvirvelia ikavebs lenini, mesames - stalini,
meoTxes iyofen kalinini da kuibiSevi. vin aris am `reitingSi” meore
adgilze?
19
miuxedavad imisa, rom am ori pirovnebis mier daarsebuli kompania emsaxureba dReSi 60 milion klients,
maT Sesaxeb Cven cota ram viciT.
cnobilia, rom erT-erTi maTgani Cinelia, xolo meore - ebraeli. agreTve
cnobilia isic, rom oriveni swavlobdnen stenfordis universitetSi, da orives bavSvobaSi uyvardaT
jonaTan sviftis nawarmoebebis kiTxva. ra ewodeba maT qmnilebas, romelmac am or biWs gauTqva saxeli mTels
msoflioSi?
20
erTma eqimma gamoaqveyna gazeTSi
Semdegi sareklamo gancxadeba: `aSSs mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 50% xmarobs saTvales. es faqti kidev erTxel amtkicebs, rom cxovreba SeuZlebelia ... gareSe”. ris gareSe?
21
rodesac ainStaini 72 wlis gaxda, gadawyvites rom misi dabadebis
dRes misTvis suraTi gadaeRoT. ra
gaakeTa fardobiTobis Teoriis avtorma, rodesac igi kadrSi moxvda?
22
erTxel cnobil amerikel komikoss meuRlem im dros Seuswro
gasaxdelSi, rodesac igi viRac gogonas kocnida. komikosi ar daibna da
meuRlis braldebaze Cveul stilSi
moaxdina reagireba. `Zvirfaso, me xom
mas ar vkocnidi, me mas ubralod
tuCebSi ...” daasruleT amerikeli
komikosis Tavis marTleba.
23
istoriul periods, rome-lSic Cven
vcxovrobT, xSirad uwodeben informaciis eras. msoflioSi arsebobs
uamravi sainformacio saagento, romlebic yoveldRiurad gvawvdian informacias planetis yvela kuTxidan.
momavali TaobebisTvis Zalian advili iqneba me-20 sau-kunis nebismier
dRes momxdari movlenebis Sesaxeb
informaciis mopoveba. magram, es ar
SeiZleba iTqvas me-20 saukunis dasawyisze, rodesac dedamiwaze arsebobda informaciul vakuumSi myofi
adgilebi, saidanac informacia saerTod ver aRwevda msoflio sazogadoebamde. ase, magaliTad, arcerT wyaroSi (rusul gazeTebSic ki!) ar
aris aRwerili moskovSi, 1918 wlis
9 Tebervals momxdari arcerTi mniSvnelovani Tu umniSvnelo movlena.
ra aris amis mizezi?
24
Sua-saukunovani warmodgenebiT, eSmaks SeuZlia gardaisaxos nebismier
cocxal arsebad, garda erTi frinvelisa da erTi ZuZumwovrisa. daasaxeleT isini.
25
poloneTis `TeTri arwivis ordenis” devizi JRerda Semdegnairad:
`rwmenisTvis, mefisTvis da kanonisTvis”. Tumca, arsebobda am ordenis
varskvlavebi, romlebzec devizi iyo
Secvlili: `rwmenisTvis, xalxisTvis
da kanonisTvis”. visTvis iyo gankuTvnili es varskvlavebi?
26
erTxel kinomsaxiob Jan gabens eqimma amouRo kbili. ramodenime dReSi
msaxiobma am eqimisgan miiRo werili,
romelSic operaciisTvis angariSis
nacvlad ido ... fuli da ganmartebiTi warwera. eqimis sityvebiT, ras
warmoadgenda es fuli?
27
1964 wlis zafxulSi msoflios
sxvadasxva gazeTebsa da JurnalebSi
daibeWda Semdegi fotosuraTi: aviakompania `britanul-evropuli aviaxazebis” TviTmfrinavis trapze dgas
cnobili mamakaci, romelsac xelSi
uWiravs plakati, romelzec gamosaxulia 4 didi aso. dawereT TanmimdevrobiT es 4 aso.
28
mahmadiani mmarTvelebi mas uwodebdnen `lomguls”, `saberZneTis mefeTa Soris rCeuls” (Tumca, is ar
iyo berZeni), `qristianobis ganmamtkicebels”, `saqristianos gmir mesias”, `naTlisRebulTa burjs”. cnobilia, rom mas aqvs Cadenili erTi
Zalian mZime danaSauli, romelic pirdapir kavSirSia dabal temperaturasTan, Tumca amis gamo is aravis ar
dausjia. ufro metic, misi es danaSauli dadebiTad iqna Sefasebu-li
istorikosebis mier. daasaxeleT metsaxeli, romelsac Cven am mmarTvels
vuwodebT.
29
igi daibada niu-iorkSi. dedamisi
iyo mevioline, mamamisi - xiCkokis
asistenti. cota xanSi misi ojaxi
gadabargda evropaSi, sadac mamamisi
gaxda cnobili reJisori, da Tavis
Svilsac gauTqva saxeli imiT, rom
daawerina musika cnobili filmisaTvis. man monawileoba miiRo ramdenime filmSi, rogorc reJisoris asistenti, msaxiobi, kompozitori, magram
yvelaze did warmatebas man miaRwia
sxva dargSi. misi yvelaze cnobili
qmnileba eZRvneba evropuli dedaqalaqis RirsSesaniSnaobas. igi gardaicvala sruliad moulodnelad, 42
wlis asakSi. am tragikuli istoriis Semdeg Zalian Znelia movimoqmedoT mis mimarT iseTi ram, ris gakeTebasac gvTavazobs cnobili qarTuli gamonaTqvami. maS, ra unda movimoqmedoT mis mimarT am gamonaTqvamis mixedviT?
30
aSS-s umdidres adamianTa siaSi
pirveli adgili, ra Tqma unda, uWiravs bil geiTss. danarCeni gvarebi
am siaSi araamerikelisTvis SeiZleba arafris mTqmeli iyos. ase, magaliTad, 1995 wels gamoqveynebul amgvar
siaSi me-7 adgilze iyo vinme jim
uoltoni, maRaziaTa qselis `uolmartis” damfuZneblis, semiuel uoltonis Svili. im adamianTa gvarebi,
romlebic am siaSi me-8-dan me-11 adgilebze im-yofebian, TqvenTvis nacnobi unda iyos, Tumca maT Sesaxeb
Tqven albaT araferi ar iciT. miuxedavad amisa, daasaxeleT am oTxidan sami mainc.
31
warumatebeli fermeri uCvenebs
stumrebs SeZenil ranCos.
- ra saxeli SeurCieT ranCos? dainteresdnen stumrebi.
- me mindoda damerqva `bar-jei”,
cols - `siuzi-qiu”, ufros Svils `flaing dabliu”, umcross - `leizi-uai”. amitom Cven davarqviT ranCos “bar-jei siuzi-qiu flaing dabliu leizi-uai”
- ... da sad aris Tqveni saqoneli?
- daixoca ...
yuradReba kiTxva: maS, ra mouvida
saqonels?
32
cnobili xumrobis Tanaxmad, rogor grZnobs Tavs adamiani, romelsac ara aqvs marcxena xeli, marcxena
fexi, marcxena Tvali da marcxena
yuri? (pasuxi dawereT inglisurad)
33
SaSvis skintlze amodis fiTri
(mcenare), romlis wvenidanac amzadeben SaSvebis dasaWer webos. amasTan
dakavSirebiT, gadaTargmneT laTinuri gamonaTqvami: Turdus sibi malum
cacat.
34
birmis saxelmwifo astrologma
jer kidev 1989 wels ganacxada, rom
skkp ck-s generaluri mdivani mixeil gorbaCovi warsul cxovrebaSi
iyo birmeli. riTi daasabuTa astrologma Tavisi gancxadeba?
35
aristotele amas RmerTis saCuqrad Tvlida, sokrate - droebiT ti-
raniad, teofraste - usityvo motyuebad. ingliselma poetma qristofer morloum gaixsena SemTxveva, roca
aman moiyvana moZraobaSi aTasobiT
gemi. amis ra daniSnulebas xedavda
fedor dostoevski?
36
pirvelad es mowyobiloba gaCnda
londonSi me-19 saukunis 50-ian wlebSi. is muSaobda gazze da ramodenime
weliwadSi afeTqda. misi eleqtroanalogi gaCnda mxolod 1920 wels
berlinSi. romel mowyobilobazea saubari?
37
is gamoigona erT Zalzed cnobil
kompaniaSi momuSave qimikosma viqtor
milsma da is pirvelad msoflioSi
1959 wlis martSi ilinoisis maRaziebSi gamoCnda. viqtor milsma am
gamogonebas uwoda sityva, romelic
inglisurad `ganebivrebas” niSnavs...
TanamedroveobisaTvis sakmaod ucnobia viqtor milsis saxeli, arada
yvelaferi SeiZleba sxvagvarad yofiliyo mas am gamogonebisTvis Tavisi saxeli rom ewodebina... magram
erTi xumrobis Tanaxmad mas es rom
gaekeTebina, maSin im pirvel sam sityvaSi, romelsac bavSvebi swavloben
pirvelad, aucileblad misi gvari
iqneboda. ra gamoigona milsma?
38
rodesac lesingi erT-erTi Jurnalis redaqtori iyo, romeliRac avtorisagan leqsi miiRo, romelsac saTaurad hqonda `ratom var cocxali?”
ramodenime dRis Semdeg lesingma avtors leqsi ukanve gaugzavna da Tan
miswera `cocxali imitom xarT, rom
...” daasruleT lesingis pasuxi.
39
1994 wels germaniaSi miiRes `kanoni germaniis gaerTianebis damTavrebis Sesa-xeb”. risTvis gamoiyo, am
kanonis Tanaxmad, 20 miliardi germanuli marka?
40
60-iani wlebis bolos rok-jguf
`roketz”-is karieraSi moxda sakmaod didi mniSvnelobis mqone movlena. am movlenis Semdeg, jgufis solistma Tqva: `axla Cven mTeli msoflio ukanals agvilokavs”-o. ra movlenazea saubari?
41
es yvelasaTvis gargad cnobili
sityva Zveli berZnuli warmoSobisaa. Sua saukuneebSi is laTinur
enaSi moxvda, iqidan ki polonurSi.
saidanac rusulSi da, savaraudoT,
rusulidan qarTul JargonSi. axla
ki SeecadeT upasuxoT kiTxvas, ra
sityvas xmaroben polonelebi `dasvrili qaRaldis naglejis” aRsaniSnavad?
42
Tqven es mogces da igi isev Tqven
gekuTvniT. Tqven is aravisTvis gadagiciaT, magram mas iyenebs yvela Tqveni nacnobi. razea laparaki?
43
alfred hiCkokis azriT, filmis
xangrZlivoba unda iyos pirdapir
kavSirSi adamianis mniSvnelovani organos erT-erT parametrTan. daasaxeleT es organo.
44
sityva NEWS (axali ambebi) modis meTeqvsmete saukunidan da warmoadgens sityva new-s (niSnavs axals)
mravlobiT formas. aseve miaCnda am
kiTxvis avtorsac iseve rogorc inglisuris bevr sxva mcodnes, magram
am ramdenime xnis win internetis
meSveobiT wavawydi news-is etimologiis sakmaod saintereso axsnas.
amerikuli folkloris mixedviT am
sityvis warmomavloba SeiZleba aixsnas im faqtiT, rom axali ambebi
ewodeba msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebidan mosuli informaciis erTobliobas. yuradReba kiTxva: maS ris abreviaturas warmoadgens news am folkloris Tanaxmad?
pirvel gamarjvebuls
prizi maRaziisagan:
Discount Plus store
2910 Brighton 8th street
Neptune ave-is kuTxeSi
10
- `Wirime Tqveni~-o, amas Cvens stumarze lamazad, omaxianad da vaJkacurad arc aravin ambobs. siyvarulic rom ga
ga-morCeuli, rainduli hqonia am madlians?!
qarTvelebs uamravi legendad qceuli istoria gvaqvs:
galaktioni da emigracias gadaxvewili qarTveli qalis
xateba meri, ticiani da fexmotexili Rrubeli Tamunia we
we-reTeli, firosmani da milionvardmiZRvnili aktrisa marga
marga-rita, rezo da gembanze, TibaTvis mzeze Seyvarebuli medea...
da ukve kaxi da 28 wlis kafandara, usaTnoesi bela...
diax, qarTvelebi caSi mocqirali xalxi varT... varskvlavTmWvretelnic... da ra gasakviria, varskvlavebSi belac amo
amo-vicnoT da kaxic...
siyvarulze visaubroTmeTqi, vuTxari da bela movigone, mindoda saRerReli
aSloda. Teatrze da kinoze sasaubrod mzadmyofs ucbad belaze, mxolod belaze
saubari vTxove. didxans siCume Camowva, Semdeg Tavi maRla aswia da daiwyo...
imdenad kaxiseulad, imdenad kavsaZiseulad saubrobda, rom gadavwyvite misi saubris stili ucvlelad gadmometana furcelze, albaT imitom, rom darwmunebuli var, roca ki kiTxulob am saubars gazeTSi
dabeWdils, iqve kaxis xma
amoikveTeba utyvi furclebidan Tu sastambo saRebavebidan da uSualod am saubris monawile xdebi... aba
daukvirdiT!
- siyvarulze... visaubroT batono... siyvaruli es iseTi Temaa,
rom amouwuravia. am Temas TavianTi Semoqmedeba Seswires Tu vinme
geniosi iyo dedamiwis zurgze, da
mainc ver amowures. amouwuravi
iqneba yovelTvis da RmerTma nu
qnas, rom es sakiTxi sabolood
gadawydes. legendad ambobeno? me
es yovelTvis mikvirda... imitom,
rom salegendo araferi yofila!
me var iseTi profesiis kaci, rom
Cemi yvela moqmedeba Cans. vai, Cems
Tavs da vai Cemi profesiis kacs
raime Tu Ceidina. imwuTasve droSad aafrialeben. mikvirs meTqi, weRan giTxari... ki ar mikvirs, sasiamovnoa...
Tu saqarTvelo dRevandel dRemde movida, kidev raRac arsebobs
da sunTqavs, siyvarulma moitana,
metma araferma... iseTi siyvarulebicaa, romlebic ar Cans da ar ukaviaT droSasaviT... Cven ubralod
erTmaneTs pativs vcemdiT. ufro
metis Rirsi iyo da kidev ver
mivuZRveni, is siyvaruli ver miveci Cems cols, rac ekuTvnoda. me
ase vfiqrob... ra vici, meubnebian
xolme, Senao, cols uyvardio, arada,
me miyvarda, Tu vuyvardi, Zalian
kargi, Tore me miyvarda da...
rogor aRmoaCineT amuris isriT rom moiwamleTTqo, an pirvel paemanze miambeT rame-meTqi, ise SevekiTxe, rogorc buxris win,
babuas kalTaSi mokalaTebuli SviliSvili CaeZieboda tkbil papas...
- pirvelad institutSi rom
movida, davinaxe da Tavbru damexva. aba kacco! (SecdomiT ar gegocc
noT, diaxac, kacc
cco, red) ver vubedavdi verafers, imdenad Sors iyo,
rafer gavubedavdi rames Tqmas...
da ase vatarebdi, bolos nametnavad rom gadavvardi, saocari ram
moxda... yvavilebs davuwye yureba.
yvavilebs vuyurebdi Zalian, gansakuTrebiT bolo xanebSi, da rodesac Zalian gadavvardi...
- ukan gamosasvlelic rom
ar daitoveT?!...
- xo... aRaraferia darCenili
da... `ra lamazi yvavilia?!~, viZaxdi Turme. Cemma megobarma miTxra, kaco, ra iyo, ra yvavilebis
Zaxili agitydao. Turme kaci, roca nametnavad Seyvarebulia, yvavilebs amCnevs da yvavilebs ukvirdeba... yvavilebs davuwye yureba,
kacco! da... ra lamazi feria, ra
kargi suni aqvs, viZaxodi, Turme...
mere mec gamaxsenda, ase gabruebuli rom daviarebodi. sasiamovno
grZnobaa Zalian... Seyvarebulebma
sul unda ecadon, rom erTmaneTi
ar dainaxon. unda igrZnon! sul
bolomde grZnobaSi unda iyvnen,
Tu dainaxes erTmaneTi, albaT gafuWdeba saqme. deda, biWo, es miyvarda?! uime, es miyvarda kacoo,
meo. an amas ityvian: uime, es amxela aylayuda kaci ranairad, kaco?! sul vcdilobdi, rom ar davenaxe, sul grZnobebSi vyolodi...
misi danaxva CemTvis yovelTvis
paemani iyo. rodis moxda `paemani~, pirveli Sexvedra, marTali giTxra, arc maxsovs. sul yovelTvis,
masTan Sexvedra iyo CemTvis paemani, TeatrSi rom Sevxvdebodi, ai,
ena nel-nela Camivardeboda pirSi.
- danaxvaze Tu ena givardebodaT, maSin warmomidgenia,
kocnis Semdeg ra dagemarTebodaT...
- (didi pauza) ...me vifiqre...
raRac pikze, raRac simaRleze, ai,
everestis iqiT kide maRla, mTebSi,
mTlad zemoT... au, sad avedi-meTqi,
es ra aris-Tqo, kacco, Zalian amaRelvebeli iyo... sul vamayobdi,
rom egeTi kargi coli myavda, sul
vamayobdi, verasdros ver gavZexi
am siamayis grZnobiT.
- qalbatoni bela rogor
xedavda? Tqven rogor daanaxeT Tqveni siyvaruli, an man
rogor dainaxa?
- ra vici, me miyvarda da...
yvavili, romelic
SemomaWkna!
- Tqvensken rom apirebda navis mocurebas, amas mainc rogor mixvdiT?
- ra vici, me miyvarda da.. (gaiRima), me buldozeriviT mivaweqi
mere da... ukan rom ver daixia,
albaT maSin mivxvdi... albaT...
- romel yvavils SeadarebdiT?
- ... romelic Cqara Wkneba, albaT... didxans rom dgas, lamazia...
SemomaWkna xelSi da... Zaan magari
viRac iyo... magari gogo iyo...
sul aRfrTovanebaSi movdiodi. verafriT veci iseTi pativi, rogorsac imsaxurebda samwuxarod...
sul muSaobaSi viyavi, sul Teatri, sul kino, sul raRaca... Cemi
ocneba iyo, rogorme erTad, mTeli
ojaxi bavSvebTan erTad wavsuliyaviT sadme, ise rom arsad meCqarebodes. verafriT movaxerxe! arada, isic bednierebaa, TetrSic viyavi, kinoSic viyavi, dakavebuli viyavi yovelTvis da... yovelTvis
moZraobaSi viyavi, da is dro mivuZRveni ojaxs, rogorsac imsaxurebda Cemgan.
- romantikosi iyaviT?
- ra vici, ra aris romantika?
me sul bednieri viyavi! da sxvaTaSoris, erTi simRera romaa: `omSi wasvla mas uxaris, visac kargi
cxeni hyavso, saxlSi misvla-dabruneba, visac kargi coli hyavso~,
ra simRera esaa-meTqi, vfiqrobdi...
kargi cxeniT omSi midis, kargi
coli saxlSi xvdeba... marTlac!
yovelTvis mixaroda saxlSi mosvla, rom kargi coli melodeboda. asea ra! araferi SemTxveviT
ar xdeba arc simReraSi, arc literaturaSi, arc moqmedebaSi, arc
saqcielSi... ehh, rogorc servantesis gmiri don kixoti eubneba
sanCos: eh, Cemo sanCo, am qveyanaze
SemTxveviT araferi ar xdebao.
- riTmasac eWidebodiT?
- sxvaTaSoris, musika damiweria,
novela damiweria, scenari damiweria, cota damixatia kidec, magram
leqsi arasodes damiweria. yovelTvis mikvirda, rogor werdnen poetebi aseT leqsebs: `da ciT daamSvena didi nikorwmida~... mofiqreba ar unda kacco?! ranairad
moifiqra, nikorwmida imdenad diadia, rom ciT daamSvenao, kaccooo,
ranairad SeiZleba amis mofiqreba?! leqsis dawera aqamde ver gavbede, rogorc ver vbedavdi masTan
misvlas, ase leqsis werac ver gavbede me!
- ar mjera, rom xSirad ar
utydebodiT erTmaneTs siyvarulSi...
- araviTar SemTxvevaSi! amaze
laparaki rogor SeiZleba? ara
kacco! siyvaruli arsebobs! Cvenc
vmoqmedebdiT, Cven mivdiodiT, movdiodiT, bavSvebs veferebodiT, erTmaneTs pativiscemiT vepyrobodiT,
xandaxan iyo xolme, Secdomas davuSvebdi, qeifSi, SeiZleba ver moviqceodi ise, rogorc saWiroa, sul
vnerviulobdi, au, rogor SemeSala,
rogor da ras metyvis axla, ar
miTxras, rom cudad moviqecio.
da roca Zalian karg xasiaTze
viyavi, erTi 10-20 dRis Semdeg,
metyoda, ar grcxvenia kacoo?!
- axsniTac ar agixsniaT
siyvaruli?
- araferi miTqvams... mivdiodi,
movdiodi, videqi, xvdeboda, rom raRac suleliviT viqceodi... mere
erT mSvenier dRes, movkide xeli
da Cems Zmakacebs ganvucxade: es
qali aris Cemi coli-meTqi... gaCumda, xma ar amoiRo... saxlSi mivedi, dedaCems vuTxari, es aris Cemi
coli-Tqo... SevikribeT, misi deda
iyo, deida iyo, misi da iyo, dedaCemi iyo, Cemi deida, me viyavi, bela
iyo, davjeqiT da visadileT, sadRegrZeloebi vTqviT, da es iyo Cemi
qaorwili. ase gaxda Cemi coli...
- yvelaze didi saCuqari?
- qaliSvili momiyvana, vaJiSvili maCuqa... da Tavisi Tavi momca!
ai, es iyo yvelaze didi saCuqari.
- dRes ra grnoba geuflebaT, axla, am wuTas, am Temaze
saubrisas?
- ici ra?! rodesac am qveynidan
wavida, davdiodi Turme saxlSi da
viZaxodi: `ra vqna, exla ra vqna~meTqi. Turme sul am sityvas viZaxdi. merab kokoCaSvili movida CemTan da SemekiTxa, `kaxo, ramdeni weliwadi icxovreT erTado~. me vuTxari, 26 weliwadi-Tqo. `bednieri
iyavio~, viyavi-meTqi, es 26 weliwadi viyavi Zalian bednieri-meTqi.
kaxo, adamianebi arian am qveyanaze,
romlebic 26 dRes ar yofilan bednierebio, da 26 weliwadi, meoTxedi
saukune iyavi bednieri, sul xom ar
SeiZleba bednieri iyos adamianio,
da Zalian filosofiuri sityvebi
miTxra.
marTlac, xom ar SeiZleba sul
bednieri iyo, xom ar SeiZleba sicocxle gagrZeldes sul! ara? Zalian kargi iqneboda, rom vyofiliyaviT ufro metad erTad da... ufro meti xani vyofiliyavi bednieri... Turme bedniereba maradiuli
ar aris da... mec ase vfiqrob, albaT, rogorc cxovreba ar aris maradiuli, ise bednierebac ar aris
maradiuli da aseTi gagebiT vekidebi... Svilebi arian SenTan, mere
izrdebian da midian, mere unda gamogeyon da Zalian mZime momentia.
qaliSvili gaTxovda, vaJiSvilma coli SeirTo... isini ufro axloblebi gaxdnen erTmaneTisTvis da...
axla SviliSvilebi ufro meti arian. raRac xdeba... midian, modian...
Turme bednierebac erT etapze unda damTavrdes, Turme! rom mere
meore bedniereba daiwyos, meore sicocxle daiwyos, meore adamianebma
ibednieron da ase Semdeg. me madlobeli var RmerTis, rom amxela,
es 26 wliani bedniereba maCuqa.
- bedniereba gaCuqaT, ese igi
bednieri iyaviT?
- erTi kaci damisaxele, dawyebuli didi geniosebidan, romlebmac
msoflio dai pyres, rac undodaT
gaakeTes, rom eTqvaT, bednierebi varTo... damisaxeleT ra?! ver ityviT
aseT kacze! SeiZleba piriqiT, rom
gvgonia Cven bednierebi, sulac ar
iyvnen! me vTvli, rom bednieri viyavi, Svilebi myavs, SviliSvilebi myavs,
bednieri var! madlobeli var RmerTis, rom dResac vmuSaob, davardnili ara var, minda, zezeulad rom
xeebi kvdebian, ise movkvde scenaze.
jer-jerobiT ase midis da Tu ase
damTavrdeba Cemi cxovreba, esec bedis saCuqari iqneba CemTvis.
- belasTan Sexvedra rogor
warmogidgeniaT?
- albaT Cveulebrivad, TiTqos
is guSin wavida, me dRes mivedi...
ase SevxvdebiT albaT erTmaneTs...
momeCveneba... bolo sityvebi belam
es miTxra, raRacas velaparakebodi,
mindoda gamomeyvana mdgomareobidan,
raRac mZimed iyo da... bolo sityvebi iyo: `Jcnfdm vtyz d gjrjt=
yt vtifq d ,kf;tycndt~, damanebe Tavio, SeveSvi da ese ZilSi 28
agvistos, mariamobas daiZina da wavida...
dedaCemmac Cems xelSi dalia suli da misi bolo sityvebi?! sul
raRac tkioda, TvalebSi dakarga
fokusi (dedaCems qmari daeRupa, 27
wlis darCa ori SviliT) da Zalian fxizlad, Zalian fxizlad, `daTaSkaaa~, - dauZaxa da daamTavra
sicocxle.
- Sexvdnen!
- Sexvdnen! ra vici, SeiZleba mec
daviZaxo, an iman damiZaxos: kaxooo...
- batono kaxi, emag daZaxebamde erTi saukune kidev minda gavides... xangrZliv sicocxles gisurvebT, eliboc gvWirdeba da don kixotic...
* * *
es saubari civi Tebervlis civ darbazSi Sedga...
civi-meTqi, vambob, magram roca Cveni saubari dasasruls
miuaxlovda, vigrZeni rom es
sicive sadRac gamqraliyo
da iqauroba siyvarulis siTboTi gamTbariyo.
Tbili oTaxidan gareT
gasvla ki Znelia, hoda mec
Zalian gamiWirda am siTbos,
am siyvarulis iq datoveba.
m. kaWaxiZe
`mamuli~
elis
Sens
reklamas!
347-724-0770
11
cnobili `saias~ maRazia
+
DISCOUNT STORE PLUS
2910 Brighton 8th street
Corner of Neptune ave
in Brooklyn
saprodiusero centri Gelany
USA warmogidgenT Sou-saRamos
„gazafxulis siyvaruli“
(Spring Love Party)
saprodiusero centri
Gelany USA 1 wlis xdeba.
satelefono
baraTebi
fasdaklebiT
vamzadeb inglisurSi nebismieri asakisa da donis msurvelebs. survilis mixedviT praqtikis gakveTilebi Catardeba
telefonis saSualebiT.
kidev erTi
lamazi saRamo,
kidev erTxel
mxiaruleba da
Tavdaviwyeba!!!
7187841337
lela
Georgia-USA Travel
maia ninoSvilis saagento
dRisiT: 917-974-7166
1950 86th street, 2FL
saRamos: 718-621-6846
Brooklyn, NY 11214
faqsi: 718-621-6846
el.fosta: mnc7@earthlink.net
ar gamotovo! Tqven gelodebaT
ganaxlebuli da gansxvavebuli, Tavbrudamxvevi Sou-saRamo. gelodebaT bevri cekva, garToba, dasveneba,
bevri saCuqari da bevri siurprizi. iyaviT CvenTan da gaatareT lamazad dro. CvenTan erTad iqnebian:
qarTveli da amerikeli musikosebi,
momRerlebi, mocekvaveebi...
specialurad TqvenTvis, amerikis
popularuli musikosi, qarTveli
eleqtonuli musikis samyaros profesionali DJ TENGO.
House, Tribal, Electro House, HipHop & More…
modi da ixalise CvenTan erTad...
15 marts, SabaTs, 8 saaTze,
bruklini Ramis klubi PISQUARE
misamarTi: 1201 Surf Avenue
Brooklyn, NY 11224
(Corner of W12th St.)
klubSi daiSvebian gogonebi 18
wlis + da biWebi 21 +
(Tan iqonieT ID an pasporti)
bileTis fasi: $25 + saCuqari
ufaso CD (kompaqt–diski) Souze
monawileebis simRerebi da ,,miqsebi“ + kidev erTi saCuqari: 10%
fasdaklebis baraTi Gelany USAis Semdeg Souze.
bileTis SeZena SegiZliaT Semdeg misamarTebze:
Caucasus Express
511 Brighton Beach Avenue
Tel: 201-333-5555; 718-934-1700
Gelany USA
116-20 Queens Blvd,
Forest Hills, NY 11375
Tel: 718-263-9030; 917-604-5541
VIP da regularuli
magidebis SesakveTad dagvirekeT
718–263–9030
nana
nakaSiZes
dabadebis dRes vulocavT Cvens marad axalgazrdasa da mSvenier dedofals, samegobroSi ganTqmul cekva ~simdis~ SesaniSnav didostats. vusurvebT
sixaruls, bednierebas, da
samSobloSi male dabrunebas.
megobrebi
xsovna gulisa
Tamaz maqacarias xsovnas
moulodneli iyo Tamaz maqacarias gardacvaleba.
moulodneli da Tavzardamcemi...
wlebs ar moiTvlida Cveni nacnoboba, magram Turme sxva sazomebi
hqonia adamianur urTierTobebs, roca cxra mTasa da cxra zRvas iqiT
gadakarguli Seni jiSisa da modgmisas xvdebi vinmes.
am sazomebiT Tamazi yvela im adamians moukvda, vinc mas icnobda.
ucnaurad sindis-namusiani, ucnaurad alali da sufTa iyo darCenili am Wreli cxovrebis oromtrialSi. vicodiT, Tu dasaxmareblad vuxmobdiT, ZmasaviT, SviliviT
miitanda gulTan Sens gasaWirs, SeuZlebels SesZlebda da bolomde
dauzogavad gi patronebda.
Turme Tavad yofila sapatrono...
gulma uRalata!
im gulma, romelSic yvelas samyofi siTbo da sikeTe hqonda dagrovili... da Cven ki... verc ki movuswariT cocxals.
isRa dagvrCenia alali da-Zmuri cremliT locva davadevnoT maradiulSi gadasuls, fexis dadgma
rom enatreboda qarTul miwaze.
natvra ausrulda! qarTuli miwa miiRebs mis Zvlebs da kidev
axali ZaliT gaapoxierebs mis madlianobas.
msubuqi iyos Sens gulze dayrili qarTuli miwa. Seni nakeTebi
madlis Suqma gaginaTos maradiuli sasufeveli da dagasaxlos iq,
sadaca marTalni ganisveneben.
mudam gvemaxsovrebi da vilocebT Seni lamazi sulisaTvis.
106 meTerTmete
braitoni
lamaras (klaras) xsovnas
Tebervalia...
TiTqos aRar civa, magram welgatexili zamTari Wirveuli beberiviT cdilobs drodadro Tavi Segvaxsenos. sasowarkveTili da dauZlurebuli
mrisxane TvalebiT gascqeris midamos. iq, Sors, horizontze mze amodis, kaSkaSa, TvalismomWreli sxivebiT gabrwyinebuli da yvelaferi irgvliv dRes
ufro lamazad geCveneba, vidre guSin.
guSin erTi, saocrad Tbili, yvelasagan gansxvavebuli da amave dros sayvareli adamianis dabadebis dRe iyo, - lamaras dabadebis dRe.
Tumca aq, amerikaSi mas klaras eZaxdnen...
erTxel guldawyvetils wamoscdenia: aq CamosvliT yvelaferi davkarge,
megobrebi, samSoblo da sakuTari saxelic kio.
erTaderTi, rac ar daukargavs, saqarTveloSi dabrunebis imedi iyo, imedi
da rwmena imisa, rom rodesme mainc aiRebda bileTs, dajdeboda TviTmfrinavSi, gadaifrenda okeanes da sul ramodenime saaTSi daibrunebda samSoblos,
megobrebs, sakuTar saxels...
l. S.,
`netar arian morwmuneni~...
106 meTerTmete braitoni
manam gazeTi daibeWdeboda...
guli metkina! jer sada xaro!
es esaa telefoni gavTiSe... yurmils
miRma aia qalaqi melaparakeboda... sami
ufrosi megobris zeciur quTaisSi gadasaxleba macnes.
da miTxres, dReidan avTandil baraTaSvils mxolod francias panoze Tu naxavo, quTaisis
quCebSi veRar ivlis axovani, mxrebSi gamarTuli qarTveli kacis silamazis simbolo avTandil baraTaSvilio...
guli metkina! jer sada xaro...
eTer JorJoliani Caixuta `iq” wasulma Svilma, mamuka miqelaZemo. veRar
dainaxav redaqciis kibeebze erT amosunTqvaSi amosul Cia-qals, mudam mofusfuses,
gazeT `quTaisis~ Zveli Taobis korespo-
dentso, axla albaT erTad vaxSmoben kidec mixeil amaRlobeli, leila laiTaZe
da nunuka SarabiZeo...
guli metkina! jer sada xaro...
pipinias mxolodSobili vaJi - aguli
erisTavi Sordeba quTaisso, arao, `araCveulebriv gamofenaSi~ yovelTvis darCebao,
isaa rom, Cqari nabijebiT mosiarule lorTqias, guram lorTqifaniZes veRar vixilavTo, pasuxgaucemlad gvitovebs SekiTxvaso, Tu rogor SeiTvisa naRdi quTaiselis roli am Tbiliselma, Tumca warmoSobiT quTaiselma kacmao.
guli metkina! da telefonic imitom
gavTiSe, rom kidev ar eTqvaT: `jer sada
xaro~.
manuCar kaWaxiZe
milocvebi
MAMULI
P.O. Box 13121,
Jersey City, NJ 07303
Semowiruloba
s
fhct,j,bcsdbc
survili maqvs gazeT `mamulis~
arsebobisaTvis gaviRo
dolari.
dabadebis dRes vulocavT nana anTiZes, sixaruls, bednierebas, ulev sixarulsa
da mega-milionis mogebas vusurvebT.
megobrebi niu-jersidan
***
Cvens Zvirfass nino burduls,
vulocavT dabadebis dRes, janmrTelobas,
bednie-rebas da ulev sixaruls vusurvebT.
megobrebis saxeliT:
naTluli eka maisuraZe
maia ninoSvilsa
da giorgi metrevels,
vulocavT wm. daviTobis dResaswauls
da patara daviTis gaqristianebas. vusurvebT
janmrTeli da qveynisaTvis sasaxelo vaJkaci
gazrdiliyos, rac esoden esaWiroeba Cvens
samSoblos.
`mamulis~ redaqcia
***
mSvenier nato goderZiSvils
vulocavT dabadebis dRes, janmrTelobas,
mzegrZelobas, qalur bednierebasa da dasaxuli miznebis ganxorcielebas vusurvebT.
dabadebis dRes vulocavT nino xabelaSvils, Cveni partnioris, germaniaSi gamomavali Jurnal `qarTulis~ redaqtor-gamomcemels, vusurvebT bednierebas, sixaruls, warmatebebsa da winsvlas cxovrebasa
da SemoqmedebaSi.
megobrebi
`mamulis~ redaqcia
***
(Tqveni saxeli da gvari)
(saxlis nomeri da quCa, Apt N)
(qalaqi,
Stati,
Zip-kodi)
manuCar, anzor da avTandil kaWaxiZeebi ojaxebiT TanaugrZnobs irina
uflisaSvils Rrma mwuxarebaSi Zmis,
iraklis
daRupvis gamo
samZimari
gazeT `mamulis~ redaqcia Rrma mwuxarebiT TanaugrZnobs zaza revaziSvils dis gardacvalebis gamo
12
mamuli
5 saaTi Tbilisze 4.5 dolarad
mxolod am misamarTze:
Discount Plus store
2910 Brighton 8th street
is kuTxeSi
Neptune ave-is
asaval
dasavalis
gfhnybjhj,bs
HTLFMNJH-UFVJVWTVTKB
VFYEXFH RFZF[B't
EDITOR & PUBLISHER
MANUCHAR KATCHAKHIDZE
MAMULI
P.O. Box 13121,
Jersey City, NJ 07303
www.mamuli.com
editor@mamuli.com
Tell: 347-724-0770
saqarTveloSi `mamuls~ warmoadgens
sagamomcemlo saxli `asaval-dasavali~
KFIF YFLFHTBIDBKBC
patronaJiT
Cveni gazeTis Semdegi
nomeri gamova 25 marts